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Biomedical subjects

E O Agbedana

Publications and source records attributed to E O Agbedana.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Selective cholesterol deposition in the kidney tissue of rats fed palm kernel oil diet.

Plasma and tissue lipids were determined in twenty-four rats fed on locally prepared 'Ogi' diet containing palm kernel oil (PKO), red palm oil (RPO) and mixture of both oils. Fasting blood sample was obtained from each animal by cardiac puncture under light ether anesthesia after feeding on different diets for twelve weeks. There were significant variations in the mean liver, kidney, spleen (p < 0.001, p < 0.03, p < 0.002) tissue weights in the different dietary groups compared with the corresponding control values. The plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride and lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in the dietary group showed no significant changes when compared with the corresponding control values. The liver, spleen and heart total cholesterol concentrations were not significantly different from the corresponding values in the control group, but within group analysis showed significantly elevated total cholesterol in the kidney tissue of rats consuming PKO diet (p < 0.001). The total cholesterol level in rats consuming PKO diet was significantly higher than the corresponding concentration in those consuming the diet containing a mixture of PKO + RPO [p < 0.02] and control (p < 0.02) diets. There was also a significant increased in the kidney tissue cholesterol of rats fed RPO diet when compared with the corresponding control value (p < 0.05). The histological findings revealed no abnormality except in rats fed on PKO and RPO diets where nephrocalcinosis was found.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Decreased serum magnesium and zinc levels: atherogenic implications in type-2 diabetes mellitus in Nigerians.

Serum magnesium, zinc and total cholesterol were evaluated in 40 Nigerian patients suffering from type-2 diabetes mellitus (21M, 19F) and 20 (14M, 6F) apparently normal non diabetic control subjects. The mean age of the diabetic patients was similar to that of controls (p > 0.05). The mean duration of the disease was (4.7 + 0.7 SEM) in these patients. Fasting blood glucose and total cholesterol were significantly higher in diabetics than in non diabetic control subjects (p > 0.001). The serum total cholesterol showed inter-group variation when the patients were classified into four different age groups. In contrast, the serum level of magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) were significantly lower in diabetics than in controls (p > 0.001). There were no significant correlation between glucose and the minerals, Mg. and Zn. Serum total cholesterol showed a significant positive correlation with magnesium (r = 0.6: p > 0.001), while the correlation with zinc was not significant. In type-2 diabetic mellitus the concentration of both Mg and Zn levels were significantly reduced, probably suggesting lower antioxidant status in this condition. The implication is the greater susceptibility to LDL-cholesterol oxidation. The attendant risk of development of premature Coronary Heart Disease is discussed. Magnesium and zinc are nutritional minerals that play crucial roles in the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Influence of baseline values. I: Effects on plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride levels during doxazosin treatment for hypertension.

Forty-six African patients with essential hypertension aged 40 to 65 years had plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride levels determined at four different periods during a 12-month treatment with doxazosin. The patients were classified according to their pretreatment (baseline) values into 'low', 'medium' and 'high' baseline value groups. The mean total cholesterol levels significantly decreased in the three baseline groups while mean triglyceride levels reduced only in the patients that belonged to the medium and high baseline value groups. The baseline values of total cholesterol did not influence the beneficial cholesterol changes in all the patients, while the lack of significant favorable triglyceride changes was influenced by the low baseline values of triglyceride of the patients during doxazosin treatment. A similar study involving lipoprotein fractions and sub-fractions is also in progress.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Influence of baseline values. II: Variations in plasma lipoprotein fractions during doxazosin treatment for hypertension.

Forty-two Nigerian hypertensive men and women aged 40 to 60 years treated with doxazosin for 12 consecutive months were studied. Before the doxazosin therapy, all the patients had their baseline lipoprotein fractions determined and that was used to classify the patients into 'low', 'medium' and 'high' baseline values. The assays were repeated 4 times at every 3 months during the 12-month treatment with doxazosin. The mean high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDLC) levels were significantly reduced in the patients with high baseline values, and remained unchanged for the patients with low and medium baseline values during doxazosin therapy. Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDLC) levels were apparently reduced in all the groups and this was significant for the patients with high baseline values. The mean levels of very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDLC) increased in the patients with low baseline values, and decreased in the patients with medium and high baseline values during the 12 months of doxazosin therapy. We therefore conclude that although the overall risk of developing coronary heart disease as measured by the risk predictor index LDLC/HDLC ratio was not affected by the baseline values of the patients, it is, however, important to note that adverse lipoprotein changes such as raised VLDLC and reduced HDLC may be seen in patients with low and high baseline values, respectively, during doxazosin treatment for hypertension. These observations will call for more serious monitoring of these lipoprotein fractions in patients with variable baseline values, by physicians and all health workers concerned during doxazosin treatment for hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Biochemical changes during a cross-over treatment of doxazosin, moduretic and amlodipine in hypertensive patients.

A cross-over study was done to compare the effects of doxazosin, moduretic and amlodipine on biochemical values in 9 hypertensive Nigerians aged 35 to 65 years. Doxazosin therapy was characterized by significant increase in the levels of mean plasma total protein and albumin, while moduretic therapy showed significant reduction in the mean values of plasma creatinine and calcium. All other parameters did not show any significant variation during doxazosin and moduretic treatment phases; and amlodipine therapy did not have any effect on the biochemical values of the hypertensive patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Serum total, heat and urea stable alkaline phosphatase activities in relation to ABO blood groups and secretor phenotypes.

The relationship between serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) isoenzymes, ABO blood groups and secretor phenotypes was evaluated in 125 Nigerian voluntary blood donors. The serum total AP activity patterns were group O > Group B > Group AB > Group A, but only the differences between A/B, A/O and AB/O were significant. The total and activities of the different isoenzymes were lowest in group A, while highest values were found in group O. The different activities for group AB were intermediate between the levels for A and B. The activities of the different isoenzymes tended to be higher in secretors than in non-secretors. Our results may suggest that both the blood group and secretor genes are strong determinants of AP isoenzyme patterns in Nigeria.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1996

Acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol- acyl-coenzyme A:1,2-diacylglycerol acyltransferase and phosphatidate phosphorylase activities in liver microsomes from nephrotic rats.

The lipid components of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) were significantly elevated in the nephrotic rats. Also the nephrotic VLDL particles had a significantly higher ratio of surface lipids (FC + PL) to core lipids (TG + CE) probably indicating production of smaller sized VLDL in the nephrotic rats. Electron microscopy showed VLDL particles with a reduced mean size in the nephrotic rats. The activities of VLDL core lipid synthesizing enzymes were evaluated in experimental nephrotic syndrome. In addition, the effects of exogeneous cholesterol, 25-OH-cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL) on the acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity were investigated as well. ACAT activity in nephrosis was normal, but stimulated to varying extents in the presence of these factors. On the other hand, the acylcoenzyme A:1,2-diacylglycerol acyltransferase (ADGAT) and phosphatidate phosphorylase-activities were significantly increased in the nephrotic rats. The microsomal cholesterol (free and ester) and phospholipid concentrations were normal but the triglyceride level was significantly reduced in the experimental group. We speculate that an excess production of smaller-sized VLDL particles due to altered activities of microsomal lipid synthesizing enzymes may occur in puromycin amino nucleoside induced-nephrotic rats.

Acyltransferases↗
PubMed1995

Glycaemia and body mass as determinants of plasma lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase activity in Nigerian patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

There is an inverse correlation between plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations and atherogenic vascular morbidity risk. An important pathway for modulating circulating HDL levels is the reaction catalysed by the plasma enzyme, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT). Thus, determinants of LCAT activity should influence plasma HDL levels and be accessible targets for intervention. We therefore assessed such determinants in Nigerian patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), classified into age- and sex-matched groups of obese (body mass index, BMI, > 25 kg/m2) and non-obese (BMI < 25 kg/m2). Our results indicated that 10 obese diabetic patients had significantly reduced plasma LCAT activity and HDL levels and increased plasma triglyceride (TG) levels, in comparison with the observations in 9 non-obese diabetic patients (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, worsening of glycaemic control, when oral hypoglycaemic treatment was discontinued for 1 week in 10 diabetic (5 obese) patients, further reduced fasting levels of HDL and plasma LCAT activity (both P < 0.05). Although plasma HDL concentrations and LCAT activity levels did not correlate significantly, the latter nonetheless had a significant inverse relationship with fasting plasma glucose levels in the obese diabetic subjects (r -0.51, P < 0.05). These results indicate that glycaemia and body mass are important determinants of plasma LCAT activity. Both variables are subject to pharmacological and dietary intervention with the objective of increasing circulating HDL levels.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1994

Changes in lipid and lipoprotein values during a cross-over treatment of doxazosin, moduretic and amlodipine in hypertensive patients.

A cross-over study, comparing the effects of doxazosin, moduretic and amlodipine on plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels in 9 hypertensive Nigerians aged 35 to 65 years is presented. Doxazosin therapy had favourable lipid changes characterized by a statistically significant reduction in total cholesterol (TC) at 6 months. Though consistent reduction was observed in total triglycerides (TG) low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDLC) upto 6 months, no effect was seen on high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC). This is against unfavourable increments in the mean values of TC, VLDLC, LDLC/HDLC and decrease in HDLC/TC during moduretic treatment phase. Amlodipine therapy did not alter the lipid and lipoprotein levels. The non-significant variation in the mean high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDLC) level observed with these agents, seem to suggest that HDL-cholesterol metabolism may be maintained during antihypertensive pharmacotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Biochemical changes during amlodipine treatment in hypertensive patients.

Twenty adult hypertensive patients mean age (52 (1.73) y) were treated with amlodipine 5 mg (8 patients) and 10 mg (12 patients) once daily for 12 weeks. There was a reduction in sitting and standing diastolic and systolic blood pressures in male and female patients. Plasma calcium, sodium, potassium, total proteins, albumin, globulins, phosphate, chloride, urea and haematological parameters were not significantly altered by amlodipine therapy in any patient. An increase in creatinine level was noted, which was not related to kidney dysfunction. We conclude that amlodipine 5 mg or 10 mg once daily is effective in male and female patients, and it does not alter biochemical and haematological values in hypertensive African patients.

Amlodipine↗
PubMed1993

Total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and steroid hormone changes in normal weight women during the menstrual cycle.

OBJECTIVE: To study total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and steroid changes in normal weight women during the menstrual cycle. METHOD: Multiple point blood samples obtained at different phases of the menstrual cycle in 14 student nurses, consuming normal Nigerian diets (rich in vegetable based proteins and fiber), were analyzed for HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol and for the steroids progesterone, estradiol and testosterone by RIA. RESULTS: A multivariate repeated measures analysis was carried out according to Pillais, Hotelings Willes and Roys tests and the three phases of menstrual cycle were found to be significantly different with the significance level at 0.030. CONCLUSION: The fluctuations in plasma lipids that occur at different phases of the menstrual cycle have important implications in evaluating the factors of coronary heart disease in women of reproductive age. Also, the results suggest that multiple point measurements may give a better estimate of plasma lipid changes in blood in women of reproductive age.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Problems associated with plasma albumin estimation in nephrotic syndrome using the bromocresol green method.

Evaluation of albumin estimation by bromocresol green (BCG) method was carried out in sixty nephrotics and twenty control subjects. In nephrotic syndrome, varies; is directly proportional, to 2-globulin and total cholesterol concentrations were significantly increased, while the mean albumin level was significantly reduced when compared with the corresponding control values. In both control and nephrotics, the determination of serum albumin by the BCG method showed good correlations with values obtained by cellulose acetate electrophoresis using the biuret method to determine the total protein, but the mean value for the nephrotics was higher by an average of 0.4g/100ml. Interference with the BCG reaction by an increased varies; is directly proportional, to 2-globulin level was suggested as a possible explanation for the higher mean albumin level obtained by the BCG method in the nephrotics. Inclusion of 0.8M NaCl in the BCG assay system did not prevent the interference by other proteins. However, this interference could to a large extent, be offset by calibrating with a pool of fresh sera previously determined by electrophoresis.

Bias↗
PubMed1993

Plasma lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase activity, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and cholesterol ester in cholestasis.

Lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase activity, cholesterol ester and high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were determined in Nigerian subjects suffering from cholestatic jaundice. Plasma lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase activities in all the study groups were similar. High density lipoprotein cholesterol and cholesterol ester were significantly increased in extrahepatic cholestasis while reduced levels were found in intrahepatic cholestasis. Enhanced cholesterol esterification may occur in extrahepatic cholestasis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Effect of exposure of foetal red cells to hydrogen peroxide.

Foetal and adult red cells were exposed to H2O2 vapours using two different modes of exposure. There was a two-fold increase in adult (P < 0.05) and three-fold increase in foetal (P < 0.05) cells after 8 h of exposure to H2O2 using the Cohen and Hochstein technique. When the H2O2 was generated in situ by the glucose-glucose oxidase technique, there was also an increase in formation of methaemoglobin in both cell types (P < 0.05). In the presence of sodium azide in both cell types, methaemoglobin was generated and there was a progressive increase in the formation of methaemoglobin with time of exposure in both cell types (P < 0.05) using either the Cohen and Hochstein procedure or the glucose-glucose oxidase procedure. There was significant difference in the methaemoglobin formation between the adult and foetal red cells throughout the period of exposure (P < 0.05). The ability of both cell types to reduce methaemoglobin the presence of added substrates (glucose, inosine, adenosine, lactate and sorbitol) showed an enhanced reduction of methaemoglobin in adult red cells for lall the substrates added and a slower rate of reduction of methaemoglobin to functional haemoglobin in foetal cells. There was significant difference in the percentage drop in the methaemoglobin formation between the adult and foetal red cells with all added substrates (P < 0.05). Our results showed that the foetal cells were more susceptible to oxidative stress than adult red cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Xylitol-induced increase in purine degradation: a role of erythrocytes.

We administered xylitol intravenously to normal subjects to investigate the mechanism of xylitol-induced increase in the purine degradation in humans. Xylitol increased the plasma concentrations of hypoxanthine, xanthine and uric acid but decreased the blood concentration of pyruvic acid. The erythrocyte concentrations of IMP, AMP, ADP, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and fructose 1,6-diphosphate as well as the urinary excretion of hypoxanthine and xanthine were increased, while the erythrocyte concentration of ATP was decreased. In addition, the in vitro incubation studies using erythrocytes demonstrated that both xylitol-induced purine degradation and xylitol-induced inhibition of the conversion of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate were protected by pyruvic acid. These results indicate that xylitol-induced impairment of glycolysis in erythrocytes contributes to the observed xylitol-induced increase in the purine degradation in the body.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

An immunoreactive xanthine oxidase protein-possessing xanthinuria and her family.

The presence of immunoreactive xanthine oxidase protein was proven in a xanthinuric patient, using a polyclonal antibody against xanthine oxidase. The antibody was raised against purified human liver xanthine oxidase in a rabbit. Double immunodiffusion method demonstrated the existence of an immunologically reactive xanthine oxidase which did not possess xanthine oxidase activity. In addition, urinary excretion of oxypurines in the patient and her family was investigated. The results indicated that a brother and a sister had xanthinuria.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Some determinants of postprandial lipaemia in Nigerian diabetic and non-diabetic subjects.

The efficiency of clearance of plasma triacylglycerols (TAG) after fatty meals in non-diabetic Caucasian subjects is believed to determine the plasma level of high-density-lipoproteins-cholesterol (HDL-C). It is unknown if this observation holds in diabetic subjects and in other racial groups. In assessing the factors that determine TAG responses to acute fat loading in a tropical African population with a low prevalence of atherosclerotic disease, twenty (nine obese) non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) patients with optimal glycaemic control and twelve (six obese) age-matched non-diabetic subjects were given meals containing 50 g fat (in butter) and 75 g carbohydrate (in white bread) over 15 min in the morning after a 12 h overnight fast. The fasting plasma levels of glucose, TAG, total cholesterol (total-C), HDL-C, low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol, insulin and glycosylated haemoglobin (HBAlc) were estimated; glucose and TAG levels were also measured postprandially for 8 h at 2 h intervals. Postprandial lipaemia was consistently higher in the diabetic patients (about 50-100% more than values obtained in the non-diabetic subjects, even when corrected for differences in body mass) and correlated positively with age and postprandial glycaemia. This defect in TAG clearance was even worse (by about 50%) when glucose tolerance became further impaired after ten of the diabetic patients stopped oral hypoglycaemic treatment for 1 week and the fat-tolerance test was repeated. In the obese non-diabetic subjects, but not those of normal weight, there were significant negative relationships between the postprandial lipaemia and fasting plasma levels of HDL-C and HDL-C: total-C ratio, as reported in Caucasians. It is concluded that age and the ambient glucose concentration appear to be the important determinants of the efficiency of TAG clearance in diabetic subjects. This accords with clinical observations of increased atherogenic liability with increasing age and poorer glycaemic control. The determinants in non-diabetic subjects were less defined, indicating that postprandial lipaemia might be influenced by various factors (obesity as shown here) in different subsets of individuals.

Adult↗