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Biomedical subjects

E O Backlund

Publications and source records attributed to E O Backlund.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Transplantation to the brain--a new therapeutic principle or useless venture?

On the basis of remarkable results from transplantation experiments in animals, the author in 1979 suggested autologous transplantation of catecholamine tissue to the brain as tentative treatment for parkinsonism. Experiences from four patients thus treated are reported comprehensively. Transitory rewarding effects were seen when the transplant was deposited in the putamen. The potential prospects for this principally new therapeutic paradigm are discussed, as well as possible improvements in the method.

Adrenal Medulla↗
PubMed1987

Transcerebellar biopsy in the posterior fossa: 12 years experience.

Utilizing the Leksell stereotactic system, the transcerebellar approach was used for posterior fossa biopsies. During a period of 12 years, a total of 29 patients were operated on by this technique, among them 12 children. In the adult, the procedure was carried out with the patient awake and sitting upright; the pediatric patients required general anesthesia and the head was supported either manually or by a clamp. Representative specimens were obtained in all cases but one, showing a wide diagnostic spectrum. As a rule, the procedures were performed smoothly, with no serious side effects. Stereotactic biopsies in the posterior fossa, hitherto seldom performed, open new diagnostic perspectives, one of which is for use in obscure brain stem lesions. The transcerebellar approach has been proven to be easy, direct, and safe provided an appropriate technique is used, such as that described in the present paper.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Stereotactic catheter insertion: a new technique.

In spite of modern instrumentation that is widely available, inaccurate and even crude techniques are still occasionally used for puncturing cavities within the cranial cavity. Thus, a standardized technique for intracranial puncturing, based on stereotaxy, is suggested and illustrated by some clinical cases.

Arachnoid↗
PubMed1981

Stereotaxic reconstruction of the aqueduct of Sylvius.

A stereotaxic technique has been developed to cannulate the cerebral aqueduct in patients with hydrocephalus resulting from occlusion of the aqueduct of Sylvius. Precise placement of a 15- to 20-mm long radiopaque prosthesis between the third and fourth ventricles can reestablish the normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pathway. Since 1974, seven patients have undergone aqueductal reconstruction. The surgical goal in this series was to manage the hydrocephalus by creating and maintaining a patent aqueductal channel. The follow-up period ranged from 1.5 to 6.5 years. In four cases, aqueductal reconstruction alone resulted in control of the hydrocephalus, although two patients underwent revisions of their prosthesis. Three patients ultimately required shunts, despite initial symptomatic improvement after reconstruction. In these seven cases (13 stereotaxic procedures), no mortality and no significant operative morbidity were encountered. Although the technique is relatively simple to perform, technical difficulties remain. At present, no clinical or radiographic test adequately discerns the ideal candidate for stereotaxic aqueductal reconstruction. Four patients required stereotaxic revision because of malposition or malfunction of the prosthesis. This approach should be reserved for patients with a short aqueductal occlusion, and normal distal CSF pathways and dynamics. The rationale, technique, problems, and results of stereotaxic reconstruction are presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Stereotactic radiosurgery in Cushing's syndrome: acute radiation effects.

Stereotactic radiosurgery was used for selective destruction of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-producing adenomas in 18 patients with Cushing's syndrome. A radiation-induced lesion in the most anterior part of the sella turcica caused remission of the disease. The acute increase in ACTH and cortisol secretion that occurred in the majority of patients had no predictable relationship to the final outcome. Decreased cortisol excretion during the first three weeks after treatment was positively correlated to favourable long-term results. The treatment is a therapeutic alternative to open selective excision of the adenoma.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1978

Treatment of pituitary dependent Cushing's syndrome with closed stereotactic radiosurgery by means of 60Co gamma radiation.

Four patients with pituitary dependent Cushing's syndrome were treated with external irradiation to the pituitary using 60Co gamma irradiation given with a stereotactic technique. The size of the sella turcica was normal or slightly enlarged in all patients. The doses given varied between 7000 and 10 000 rad, and the observation time ranged between 14 and 20 months. Three of the patients showed complete clinical remission and one marked improvement. One patient developed ACTH insufficiency, while none developed insufficient secretion of other pituitary hormones. No complicants of the irradiation were observed.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1978

Stereotactic gamma irradiation of basilar artery in cat. Preliminary experiences.

Irradiation of the basilar artery of cats by stereotactic technique was performed with doses varying from 100 to 300 Gy in a gamma unit. Histologically, vascular lesions such as vacuolization, degeneration and desquamation of the endothelium and hyalinization and necrosis of the muscular coat predominated, whereas reparatory reactions were relatively sparse. Thrombosis was completely absent.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Treatment of colloid cysts of the third ventricle by stereotactic aspiration.

Four patients are described with a colloid cyst in the anterior part of the third ventricle, causing obstruction of the foramina of Monro. Stereotactic aspiration of the cyst was performed after exact neuroradiological localization, including CT scan. The great advantages of the technique presented are discussed.

Adult↗