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Biomedical subjects

E O Poznanski

Publications and source records attributed to E O Poznanski.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Violent events reported by normal urban school-aged children: characteristics and depression correlates.

OBJECTIVE: This paper reports data on the prevalence of morbid thoughts of death or injury and the experiences of violence for a sample of 6 to 12 year old urban school children and examines the relationship of these thoughts and experiences to the child's emotional health. METHOD: Fifty-seven of the sample of 223 children who attended the same inner-city school described violent events occurring to themselves, a relative or friend. All children were interviewed and assessed on the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R). RESULTS: Significantly higher CDRS-R sum scores, indicating the presence of suspected depression or of clinical concern, were recorded for the 57 children reporting experiences with violence. As well, the subgroup of 57 children were significantly more distressed by specific symptoms of low self-esteem, weeping, and worries about death or injury. CONCLUSIONS: Finding so many children reporting violent events occurring in their homes and community and that these children's experiences of violence were associated with emotional disturbances such as depression, dysphoric mood, low self-esteem, and excessive fears and worries about death or injury suggests the need for routine examination of the history of exposure to violence in the evaluation of inner-city children.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

Depression and learning disabilities in children: a test of an hypothesis.

Performance-Verbal IQ discrepancy scores are compared for 27 depressed and 15 nondepressed children all of whom experienced learning difficulties. Brumbach (1985) reported a significant association between depression and Performance IQ deficits for children with learning difficulties. In contrast to Brumbach's finding, no difference was observed in Performance IQ deficit between depressed and nondepressed children in the current study. Moreover, only 10% of depressed children showed such a deficit. This result differed significantly from Brumbach's findings (34%). Implications of these results are discussed within the context of nascent interest in the relationship between depression and learning disabilities.

Child↗
PubMed1983

EEG sleep in depressed adolescents.

Sleep disturbances, including disturbances in REM sleep, are common among depressed adults; it is unclear if the same is true for depressed adolescents. The authors monitored the sleep of 13 depressed adolescents and 13 normal age-matched controls. They found that, as with depressed adults, REM latency was significantly shorter and REM density significantly greater in the depressed group. There was no correlation between reduced REM latency and severity of depression, but there was a significant negative correlation between REM latency and age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Use of the Children's Depression Rating Scale in an inpatient psychiatric population.

The Children's Depression Rating Scale is a useful and reliable instrument for measuring the severity of depression in children. The scale was initially used in a pediatric liaison population. This study reports its use in consecutive admissions to a child inpatient unit. Systematic evaluations of the children resulted in many diagnoses of depression which were missed by the clinical staff. Two relatively inexperienced raters did nearly as well as two raters who originated the scale, suggesting that the CDRS may have practical utility in many settings.

Child↗
PubMed1982

The dexamethasone suppression test in prepubertal depressed children.

The authors evaluated 18 dysphoric children aged 6--12 years by structured clinical assessments and an overnight dexamethasone suppression test (DST) administered on an outpatient basis. Nine children met diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder, and 8 of the 9 also met the Research Diagnostic Criteria for endogenous depression. Of the 9 depressed children, 5 had abnormal DST results; 8 of the 9 nondepressed children had normal test results. The results suggest that endogenous depression in childhood is not a rare condition and that it is clinically and neuroendocrinologically similar to the adult disorder. The DST may be useful as a diagnostic aid with depressed children.

Child↗
PubMed1979

A depression rating scale for children.

A rating scale is needed for clinical and research studies of depression in childhood. A Children's Depression Rating Scale (CDRS) was devised and tested on 30 inpatient children in a medical hospital. A high correlation was found between the global ratings by two psychiatrists of the severity of depression and the scores on the CDRS. The items on the CDRS which had the highest correlation with a global rating of depression were social withdrawal, capacity for fun, irritability, schoolwork, expressive communication, general somatic features, hypoactivity, and depressed mood. The syndrome of depression in childhood can be characterized and rated primarily by observed behaviors.

Child↗
PubMed1978

Quality of life for long-term survivors of end-stage renal disease.

Eighteen children and adolescents who survived two years or longer in an attempt to manage their end-stage renal failure by transplantation were studied. The psychological adaptation of the young person to this form of management of renal disease was assessed by a semistructured interview of the patient and his parents. Fifty percent of the patients functioned at school or on the job and did not have depression. The remaining half did less well. In our institution a satisfactory quality of life required a successful transplant.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1975

Psychiatric consultations in a pediatric hospital.

The authors conducted a study of 30 hospitalized children who were referred for psychiatric consultation and 60 hospitalized children who were not. They studied the medical charts of these children and administered a questionnaire including a checklist of behavioral symptoms to their parents. More psychopathology was found in the children referred for consultation, but about 20 percent of the children not referred also showed a high degree of psychopathology. Factors found to be associated with referral for psychiatric consultation were older age, longer hospital stay, many previous hospitalizations, and ambiguous diagnoses.

Age Factors↗