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Biomedical subjects

E Ortiz

Publications and source records attributed to E Ortiz.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

An instrument to evaluate alcohol-abuse interviewing and intervention skills.

At the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio from 1988 through 1990, the authors developed the Alcoholism Intervention Performance Evaluation (AIPE), a rating instrument for the evaluation of alcohol-abuse interviewing and intervention skills. Factor analysis of 51 rating items identified seven factors that accounted for most of the variability among the items; 35 were retained and assigned to the factor with which they correlated most highly, thus resulting in a seven-factor instrument with 35 items. The AIPE overall score had an interrater reliability of .73 (for four raters each rating approximately 30 videotaped simulated-patient interviews) and a test-retest reliability of .89 (for one rater rescoring 20 interviews after one month). The authors suggest that the individual scores for the seven factors can be used to provide instructional feedback to trainees and that the overall score can be used to certify interviewer proficiency.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1992

[Typhoid fever in school children: by what measures is the modification of the clinical course due to oral vaccination?].

The clinical course of infection by Salmonellae was compared between patients who had been vaccinated against typhoid fever using the Ty21a vaccine and those who had not. Of 2566 bacteriological confirmed cases 84% were infected with S typhi, 14% with S paratyphi B and 2% with S paratyphi A. Among patients with typhoid fever, 34% were treated in hospital, 3.5% had relapses, 5.4% developed complications and 1 patient died (0.05%). Among patients with paratyphoid fever, 18% were treated in hospital, 0.6% had relapses, 1.4% developed complications and there were no deaths. These figures were similar among vaccinated and non-vaccinated cases. A slightly greater proportion of vaccinated cases were treated in hospital (38 vs 30%). Thus, use of oral vaccination against typhoid fever does not alter the clinical course of infection with Salmonellae.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

[Digestive hemorrhage caused by aorto-duodenal fistula. Report of 5 cases].

The aortoduodeonal fistula is a rare condition and has high mortality. We report five retrospective cases of digestive hemorrhage due to an aortoduodenal fistula (4 secondary and 1 primary) between 1986 and 1990. Three of them died. Attention is called to the importance of clinical suspicion and the main diagnostic methods in early diagnosis such as oral endoscopy. We also enhance the importance of emergency surgery for survival.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Considerations on interdisciplinarity: theory and practice].

The curricular content of undergraduate programs in the health sciences should integrate, in a logical and coherent manner, competencies in general education as well as professional and interdisciplinary competencies. Among the principal obstacles for integration discussed are inflexibility of administrative and accreditation policies and lack of an interdisciplinary vision in curriculum development. This article examines the need to prepare a graduate with competencies to attend patient/client as a holistic human being, thus requiring to make use of psychological, ethical, legal & philosophical knowledge as well as concepts, skill and attitudes of the profession. The program of Bachelor in Health Sciences of the College of Health Related Professions is presented as one of an interdisciplinary nature, in which 23 percent of the total credits are general education courses, 49 percent are professional courses, 17 percent are interdisciplinary courses and 11 percent are elective courses.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1991

Malathion and pyrethroid resistance in Culex quinquefasciatus from Cuba: efficacy of pirimiphos-methyl in the presence of at least three resistance mechanisms.

Use of malathion for mosquito control in Cuba for 7 years up to 1986 has selected for elevated non-specific esterase and altered acetylcholinesterase (AChE) resistance mechanisms in populations of the pest mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus Say. These mechanisms are still present in relatively high frequencies in the Havana area, despite the replacement of malathion by pyrethroid insecticides for the last 3 years in the mosquito control programme. Samples of Culex quinquefasciatus populations from within a 100 km radius of Havana had high levels of resistance to malathion and lower levels of resistance to propoxur, but there was little or no cross-resistance to the organophosphorus insecticide pirimiphos-methyl. Selection with malathion for twenty-two consecutive generations in the laboratory increased the level of malathion resistance to 1208-fold and propoxur level to 1002-fold, but the maximum level of pirimiphos-methyl resistance was only 11-fold. Pirimiphos-methyl is still operationally effective, despite the resistance mechanisms segregating, so this insecticide if used for control is unlikely to select either of the known resistance factors directly in the field population. Since 1986, pyrethroids have been used extensively, and low levels of pyrethroid resistance were detected in two of five field population samples tested. Malathion selection did not increase the level of pyrethroid resistance, which indicates that one or more distinct pyrethroid resistance factors are now being selected in the field populations of Culex quinquefasciatus.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1979

Management of subretinal and vitreous cysticercosis: role of photocoagulation and surgery.

Treatment of intraocular cysticercosis requires selection of the proper method, prevention of complications, and careful follow-up. Small subretinal cysticercus can be treated with xenon or argon photocoagulation. Macular cysticercus are extracted through a sclerochoroidal incision. Large cysticercus can be removed in selected cases with an outcome probe placed in the subretinal space. Cysticercus in the vitreous should be removed with a suction-cutter probe via the pars plana.

Cysticercosis↗
PubMed1977

Metabolism of halogenated ethylenes.

The metabolism of the chlorinated ethylenes may be explained by the formation of chloroethylene epoxides as the first intermediate products. The evidence indicates that these epoxides rearrange with migration of chlorine to form chloroacetaldehydes and chloroacetyl chlorides. Thus, monochloroacetic acid, chloral hydrate, and trichloroacetic acid have been found in reaction mixtures of 1,1-dichloroethylene, trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene, respectively, with rat liver microsomal systems. Rearrangements of the chloroethylene, and glycols formed from the epoxides by hydration may also take place, but would appear, at least in the case of 1,1-dichloroethylene, to be quantitatively less important. The literature on the metabolism of chlorinated ethylenes and its relationship to their toxicity is reviewed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Further studies of metyrapone effects upon anilide hydroxylation.

The enhancing effect of metyrapone upon the p-hydroxylation of acetanilide has been confirmed with the use of a new gas-chromatographic method for the determination of acetaminophen. This effect has been shown not to be due to inhibition of hydrolysis of acetaminophen or interference with its determination, or to preferential formation of other phenolic metabolites. This effect of metyrapone is remarkably substrate-specific: phenol formation from the homologues of acetanilide, formanilide and propionanilide, and that from the sulfonamide analog of acetanilide, methanesulfonanilide, is inhibited by metyrapone over the concentration range in which acetanilide hydroxylation is enhanced. The same substrate specificity was observed when the modifier was acetophenone. alpha,alpha'-Dipyridyl, however, enhances phenol formation from all three carbonacylanilides, but does not affect that from methanesulfonanilide.

2,2'-Dipyridyl↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Spinal electrical stimulation. Current indications and results in a series of 46 patients].

We report the clinical results observed in a series of 46 patients with chronic pain who underwent spinal cord electrical stimulation. Candidates were selected according to previous clinical criteria and they were followed-up during a period of 5 to 27 months. Fifteen patients had a residual backache after surgery of the lumbar spine, 19 patients complained angina pectoris, 5 patients peripheral vasculopathies, and 7 subjects had different types of neurogenic pain. A total of 5 patients failed to complete the trial period of 7 to 10 days. Among the 34 patients who continued to use the medullar stimulation, good results were obtained in 75% of cases of backache , 100% of patients with angina and vasculopathies, and 50% of patients with neurogenic pain. There were no relevant complications. We conclude that the results of spinal cord stimulation can be improved by using more strict indications, by performing a previous test period before definitive implantation, and by achieving a large technical experience.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Microsomal metabolism of cyclohexene. Hydroxylation in the allylic position.

Hydroxylation of cyclohexene at the allylic position has been shown to occur in hepatic microsomes and 9000 g supernatant fractions of rats and rabbits. The formation of the product, 2-cyclohexen-1-ol, requires the presence of a NADPH-generating system, is inhibited by CO, metyrapone, and SKF 525-A, and is induced by pretreatment with phenobarbital. A small amount of 2-cyclohexen-1-one is also formed in preparations from phenobarbital-pretreated rats. No 2-cyclohexen-1-ol could be detected in the beta-glucuronidase-hydrolyzed urine of rats given cyclohexene orally; however, these rats excreted a small quantity of 2-cyclohexen-1-one.

Animals↗