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E Outwater

Publications and source records attributed to E Outwater.

24 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Pulsation artifact in short TR MR imaging and angiography: exacerbation with signal averaging.

Averaging the signals from more than one excitation per phase-encoding view increases the signal-to-noise ratio and, in conventional spin-echo magnetic resonance imaging, reduces most motion artifacts. To determine the effects of signal averaging on two-dimensional gradient-echo images, acquisitions with different TRs and with no averaging versus multiple-signal averaging were compared in a pulsatile flow phantom and the human abdominal aorta. Intraview (each view repeated before changing the phase-encoding value) and interview (obtaining all views sequentially and then repeating the entire set) averaging methods were used. Pulsation artifacts were present on all images of the flow phantom and the aorta. Intraview signal averaging, the method most commonly used, exacerbated rather than ameliorated pulsation artifacts with short TR sequences. Pulsation artifacts on two-dimensional images obtained with a short TR can be minimized by completing the acquisition as rapidly as possible, avoiding signal averaging. If signal averaging is used for short TR images, it should be interview averaging.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intraabdominal desmoplastic small cell tumor: CT and MR findings.

The pertinent radiologic findings in two cases of a recently described tumor, intraabdominal desmoplastic small cell tumor, are presented. This is an aggressive, usually lethal malignant neoplasm of the peritoneum occurring in boys and young men with a marked predilection for intraperitoneal spread. In both cases, CT or MR demonstrated a necrotic intraperitoneal mass with peritoneal metastases. Given the limited differential diagnosis, intraabdominal desmoplastic small cell tumor should be strongly considered as a diagnosis of an intraperitoneal neoplasm in young males.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Abdominal iron distribution in sickle cell disease: MR findings in transfusion and nontransfusion dependent patients.

OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to determine the difference in iron distribution between transfusion dependent (TD) and nontransfusion dependent (NT) patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The T2-weighted and T2*-weighted abdominal MR images in nine cases of homozygous SCD were reviewed to determine the distribution of low signal from iron in five TD and four NT patients. RESULTS: All eight patients with visualized spleens had decreased splenic signal intensity. One patient who had no history of splenectomy had no visualized splenic tissue. The majority of both groups had renal cortex of low signal intensity that was attributable to iron deposition from intravascular hemolysis and was not correlated with clinical renal abnormalities. None of the NT group had liver or pancreas of low signal intensity, while all five TD patients had decreased liver signal intensity and three of five had decreased pancreatic signal intensity. CONCLUSION: Decreased pancreatic signal intensity can occur in TD patients, perhaps suggesting total body iron overload. Nontransfusion dependent sickle cell patients usually have normal hepatic signal intensity and do not have total body iron overload, even in the presence of renal and splenic iron deposition.

Abdomen↗