Biomedical subjects

E P Calandre

Publications and source records attributed to E P Calandre.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1991

Serum lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins A and B in epileptic patients treated with valproic acid, carbamazepine or phenobarbital.

Serum lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins A and B were measured in 101 epileptic patients receiving chronic treatment with valproic acid, carbamazepine or phenobarbital and in 75 age- and sex-matched control subjects. In relation to controls, subjects treated with valproic acid showed significantly lower values of total and LDL-cholesterol levels; subjects treated with carbamazepine showed significantly higher values of HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein A concentrations and subjects treated with phenobarbital showed significantly higher values of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein A and apolipoprotein B levels. The total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio was significantly lower in patients receiving valproic acid or carbamazepine but not in the phenobarbital-treated group. Changes in serum lipids profile did not correlate with drug plasma concentrations nor the duration of the treatment.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Efficacy of oral streptokinase-streptodornase in the treatment of ankle sprains.

To evaluate the analgesic and antiinflammatory properties of oral streptokinase-streptodornase (SS) in cases of minor trauma, 190 patients with ankle sprains were studied. Subjects were randomly given an active drug or a placebo in doses of two tablets three times a day for eight days. A scoring system was used to rate the following symptoms: spontaneous pain, mobilization pain, wearing pain, articular disability, flaccidity, muscular spasm, edema, and hematoma. Each symptom was categorized as none (0), mild (1), moderate (3), or severe (4). Patients were evaluated at the beginning of the study and on the fourth and eighth days of treatment. At the end of the trial, the decrease in each symptom score was significantly greater in patients receiving SS than in patients receiving a placebo. Analgesic intake during the study was also noticeably lower in the SS group. The incidence of drug-induced side effects (mainly abdominal discomfort) was minimal. Oral SS ameliorates the inflammatory symptoms associated with ankle sprains and therefore may be used as an alternative to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Cognitive effects of long-term treatment with phenobarbital and valproic acid in school children.

The Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children was applied to 64 epileptic children and 60 healthy subjects; patients followed chronic treatment with valproic acid (n = 32) or phenobarbital (n = 32). None of the children suffered mental retardation or neurological abnormalities. The test was repeated after a 9-12 month interval: 26 of the valproate treated children and 23 of the phenobarbital-treated children performed the second evaluation. At baseline, total, verbal and performance IQ scores of children receiving phenobarbital were lower than those of controls. When the results of the first and the second tests were compared, a significant increase in IQ scores was detected among controls and patients treated with valproic acid, but not among phenobarbital-treated patients. It is concluded that long-term phenobarbital therapy induces a significant impairment in learning ability whereas long-term valproate therapy does not exert a noticeable noxious effect at this respect.

Child↗

PubMed1986

Theophylline binding to plasma proteins in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

The binding of theophylline to plasma proteins was studied in samples from healthy adults at different pH values and drug concentrations and in samples from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Binding determinations were performed by ultrafiltration and drug concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Total plasma levels of theophylline did not influence the degree of the binding. The percentage of bound theophylline was positively correlated with pH both in vitro (r = 0.998, p less than 0.005) and in vivo (r = 0.579, p less than 0.005). Mean theophylline binding values in vivo (mean 56.3 +/- 12.5) and in vitro (mean 48.3 +/- 9.4) were significantly different. The increase in theophylline free levels detected in COPD patients was partially dependent on low pH values but the influence of other factors must also be considered. The therapeutic implications of altered theophylline binding are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Monitoring aminophylline therapy using Jusko's dosage guidelines.

Treatment with aminophylline, according to the nomogram published by Jusko and coworkers, was monitored in 13 patients suffering from acute exacerbations of COPD. After 24 h of therapy, the clinical state, the pO2 and the pCO2 values were markedly improved. Theophylline plasma concentrations were maintained within the therapeutic range. A slight but noticeable increase of drug serum levels during therapy could be related to changes in the arterial pH; the implications of this finding are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1981

Methapyrilene kinetics and dynamics.

A study was undertaken to characterize the H1 receptor blockade, central nervous system depressant properties, and kinetic parameters of methapyrilene in man. Eight healthy subjects received, in random order at weekly intervals, placebo and methapyrilene 20 mg intravenously and 50 mg and 25 mg orally. Methapyrilene exhibited a moderate antihistaminic effect as measured by the reduction of histamine-provoked skin wheals. Sedation and drowsiness were detected only at the first sampling time (0.75 hr) after intravenous doses. The terminal plasma half-life ranged from 1.1 to 2.1 hr, apparent volume of distribution from 2.14 to 6.61 1/kg, and plasma clearance from 0.013 to 0.048 1/min/kg. Systemic bioavailability was low and showed large interindividual differences, ranging from 4% to 46%. Recovery of unchanged drug from the 24-hr urine was under 2% of the doses.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of chronic phenytoin treatment on serum lipid profile in adult epileptic patients.

Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoproteins A, A1, and B and gamma-glutamyltransferase (ggt) serum concentrations were measured in 100 adult epileptic patients receiving chronic phenytoin (PHT) treatment and in 100 control subjects. In relation to controls, patients showed higher HDL cholesterol, apolipoproteins A and A1, and ggt levels and lower LDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B values; the significance of the results was greater in women than in men. Among patients, ggt levels were positively correlated with PHT plasma concentrations; likewise, a negative correlation was found between the apolipoprotein A/A1 ratio and the PHT and ggt plasma levels, and a positive correlation between the apolipoprotein A/A1 ratio and the LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio. These data indicate that PHT exerts a beneficial effect on the serum lipids profile.

Adolescent↗