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Biomedical subjects

E P Crichton

Publications and source records attributed to E P Crichton.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Clinical and microbiological evaluation of four culture methods for the diagnosis of peritonitis in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

A prospective study was performed to evaluate four culture methods for the diagnosis of bacterial peritonitis in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Peritonitis was present in 44 of 85 patient admissions (52%). The overall sensitivity of the culture methods in detecting peritonitis was 66%. The sensitivities of the individual methods were as follows: bag culture method, 61%; blood culture broth method, 51%; filter method, 54%; and plate method, 39%. Our broad definition of peritonitis resulted in lower sensitivities. A combination of the bag and blood culture broth methods detected all positive cultures.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1985

Mechanical preparation of the large bowel for elective surgery. Comparison of whole-gut lavage with the conventional enema and purgative technique.

In this prospective, randomized study, 121 elective colorectal surgery patients had whole-gut lavage (n = 67) or enemas and purgatives (n = 54). Patient characteristics were well matched. Intravenous metronidazole and tobramycin were administered preoperatively initially in 53 patients, with the remaining 68 patients receiving the drugs perioperatively. Bowel preparation was satisfactory (minimal or no contents remaining) in 92.8 percent of patients with whole-gut lavage and 92.6 percent with enemas and purgatives (p = 0.72). Nasogastric tube insertion was poorly tolerated by 39 percent of the patients receiving whole-gut lavage, and enema tube insertion by 23 percent with enemas and purgatives. Fluid infusion tolerance was similar with both techniques. Abdominal wound sepsis occurred in 22 patients (18.8 percent), being unrelated to mechanical preparation or antimicrobial prophylaxis (p = 0.19). Colostomy closure was associated with a 42.8 percent sepsis rate. Excluding this group, wound sepsis with the remaining procedures was 13 percent (statistically significant, p = 0.03). Other complications included intraabdominal abscesses (3.3 percent), anastomotic leaks (2.5 percent), eviscerations (1.6 percent), and an operative mortality of 1.6 percent. We have concluded that whole-gut lavage and enemas and purgatives are equally efficacious mechanically with similar associated wound sepsis rates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Treatment of Pseudomonas and Serratia infections with ceftazidime.

The effectiveness and safety of parenterally administered ceftazidime were assessed in 20 patients with infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Serratia marcescens. There were six infections involving the urinary tract, six wound infections, one respiratory tract infection, three septicaemias, one empyema, one mastoiditis and two infections of the epididymis. Sixteen of the isolates were resistant to at least one aminoglycoside antibiotic. Fifteen patients were clinically and bacteriologically cured, two patients improved, but had relapses and three patients showed no response. The lack of clinical response was due to the development of resistance by P. aeruginosa in two patients with osteomyelitis, one of whom also had diabetes mellitus. The third patient who had chronic lymphocytic leukaemia developed post-operative osteomyelitis and septicaemia with serratia. She did not respond to treatment. Side effects consisted of a positive direct Coomb's test without evidence of haemolysis in two patients and a mild maculopapular rash in one patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1972

The combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole in the treatment of urinary tract infection.

In a series of 52 patients the combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole was used for the treatment of urinary tract infection and the results are analyzed with respect to the clinical diagnosis and bacterial etiology. There was complete agreement between in vitro sensitivity and clinical response except in the case of one strain of Streptococcus fecalis. The combination of drugs was effective against some bacterial strains which were resistant to the commonly used antimicrobial agents.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗