Biomedical subjects

E P Silva

Publications and source records attributed to E P Silva.

14 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2003

Hydrochlorothiazide abolishes the anti-atherosclerotic effect of quinapril.

1. Antihypertensive treatment has been demonstrated to result in persistent reductions in morbidity and mortality due to stroke. However, the coronary risk attributable to hypertension has been only partially reversed. We hypothesized that diuretics could have unfavourable effects on atherosclerosis. 2. New Zealand rabbits were fed a 0.5% cholesterol-enriched diet for 12 weeks, followed by a 0.1% cholesterol diet for another 12 weeks. During the last 12 week period, 40 animals were randomly assigned to one of four groups: (i) group I was the control group; (ii) group II received hydrochlorothiazide (10 mg/day); (iii) group III received quinapril (30 mg/day); and (iv) group IV was treated with hydrochlorothiazide (10 mg/day) plus quinapril (30 mg/day). 3. The treatments did not affect either the lipid profile or serum electrolytes and oxidative stress. However, endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in isolated aortic rings was significantly improved with quinapril (group III) treatment (P < 0.001 vs other groups). In addition, therapy with quinapril promoted a significant reduction in atherosclerosis (intima area, intima/media ratio and perimeter of vessel with plaque; P < 0.05 vs other groups), as well as in cholesterol content of the aorta (P < 0.05 vs groups II and IV). 4. In conclusion, hydrochlorothiazide did not modify atherosclerosis and, when added to quinapril treatment, impaired the anti-atherosclerotic effect seen with quinapril alone.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Double-blind randomized clinical trial comparing neomycin and placebo in the treatment of exogenous hepatic encephalopathy.

Hepatic encephalopathy due to cirrhosis is frequently precipitated by exogenous factors, and the effectiveness of a specific treatment with neomycin sulfate has so far not been submitted to clinical trials. Over a period of five years, 102 cirrhotic patients developed hepatic encephalopathy at admission or during hospitalization, and 39 were randomized for treatment with either neomycin sulfate or placebo. Exclusion criteria were: 1. current usage of specific treatment for hepatic encephalopathy, 2. chronic hepatic encephalopathy and 3. multiple organ failure syndrome associated with hepatic encephalopathy. The group of excluded patients (n = 63) was compared with the randomized group (n = 39), and no statistical differences were found regarding sex and age distributions, Child-Pugh classification, etiology of cirrhosis, percipitating factors and grade of hepatic encephalopathy. These same parameters were also comparable among the 20 patients who received active neomycin and the 19 who were treated with placebo. The therapy for hepatic encephalopathy consisted in the control of precipitating factors associated with 6 g of neomycin sulfate "per os" or placebo. Therapeutic failure and death by the fifth day of treatment, occurred in four patients (10.2%), two in each of the randomized groups. The time elapsed between the initiation of the therapeutic procedure and regression to grade zero of hepatic encephalopathy was 39.11 +/- 23.04 hours for the group of active neomycin, and 49.47 +/- 21.92 hours for the placebo group, but this difference did not achieve statistical significance.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Very-low dose antacid in treatment of duodenal ulcer. Comparison with cimetidine.

Antacid (AA) in a very low dose (88 mmol/day) was compared to the standard 800-mg dose of cimetidine in healing duodenal ulcers. The influence of sex, age, symptom duration at entry, night pain, smoking, coffee consumption, and alcohol on ulcer healing was studied. The antacid was given in two different schedules: group I--20 ml 1 hr after breakfast and at bedtime; group II--10 ml 1 hr after breakfast and lunch and 20 ml at bedtime. Cimetidine (group III) was given in two divided doses: 400 mg 1 hr after breakfast and 400 mg at bedtime. Endoscopic control was performed after four weeks and, if necessary, after eight weeks of treatment. The healing rate after four weeks of treatment was, respectively, for groups I, II, and III, 45.5%, 55.8%, and 69.4% (group I = group II, and group III different from groups I and II). After eight weeks of treatment the healing rate was 61.5%, 80.8%, and 88.0% for groups I, II, and III, respectively (group II = group III, and group I different from groups II and III). Except for group I, smoking did not influence healing rate. Age, sex, symptoms at entry, night pain, and coffee consumption did not influence the treatment results. The authors concluded that the very low dose of magaldrate (88 mmol/day), when administered in three divided doses (10 ml after breakfast and lunch and 20 ml at bedtime) for eight weeks was as effective as 800 mg of cimetidine (400 mg twice a day) in healing duodenal ulcer.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[A sampling plan for evaluation of vaccinal coverage].

A sampling project applied in a survey for estimating the vaccination coverage in Araraquara County, S. Paulo State (Brazil), in 1983, is described. A target population of children aged 12-13 months was divided into the strata: children living in private dwellings (i.e. single-family houses) and those living in collective dwelling places (orphanage, asylum). R.H. Henderson and T. Sundaresan's method, proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for use by the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) was applied to the first stratum. This method consists of the random selection of 30 partial areas with a degree of probability proportional to the respective partial populations in each area chosen; a starting point ("household") is selected at random within each selected area; the selection of 7 children within each area begins with the first household and continues according to fixed rules. The sample of the first stratum was taken from areas in both urban and rural zones. In the urban zone, after the selection of the area and before the selection of the starting point, an intermediate stage, which consist in the selection of a block with probability proportional to its estimated population, was introduced. A sample was selected form the second stratum with the same sampling fraction used in the first stratum. The ratio-estimate is proposed as the estimator of the vaccination coverage rate and the formula for the calculation of the standard error is presented.

Brazil↗

PubMed1986