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Biomedical subjects

E Papadakis

Publications and source records attributed to E Papadakis.

35 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

A comparative study of cisplatin and vinblastine versus ifosfamide, cisplatin and vinblastine in non-operable non-small-cell lung cancer. A study of the Hellenic Co-operative Oncology Group for Lung Cancer Trials.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of ifosfamide in combination with cisplatin and vinblastine in non-operable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: A total of 136 patients with stage III or IV NSCLC were randomized to either PV (cisplatin, 120 mg/m2, and vinblastine, 6 mg/m2) or VIP (PV with the addition of ifosfamide, 3 g/m2) every 3 weeks. RESULTS: Patients receiving VIP had a higher response rate (31% vs. 10%), but the performance status (PS) was significantly worse in those receiving PV. No difference in survival can be demonstrated between the two treatment groups. The median survival was 8.4 months. In both groups, patients with stage III disease, good PS and no visceral involvement had better survivals. Nausea/vomiting and alopecia were more pronounced in the VIP group, although both chemotherapies were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of ifosfamide improved the response rate, but a survival advantage cannot be proven. The prognostic value of stage, PS and metastatic site is confirmed in this trial; further studies are required to select subgroups of patients who may have a survival benefit with combination chemotherapy. The response rate elicited by VIP makes it a candidate for neoadjuvant treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Randomized comparison of etoposide-cisplatin vs. etoposide-carboplatin and irradiation in small-cell lung cancer. A Hellenic Co-operative Oncology Group study.

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy and toxicity of etoposide and cisplatin (EP) with etoposide and carboplatin (EC) in combination with irradiation in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). METHODS: Previously untreated patients (pts) with SCLC and measurable or evaluable disease were randomized to receive either cisplatin 50 mg/m2 on days 1-2 or carboplatin 300 mg/m2 on day 1, both combined with etoposide 300 mg/m2 on days 1-3 every 21 days for 6 treatment cycles. The vast majority of responding limited disease (LD) pts and complete responders (CR) with extensive disease (ED), also received thoracic irradiation (TI) and prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) concurrently with the third cycle. RESULTS: Of the 147 patients registered, 143 were eligible; median performance status (PS, WHO) was 1, and tumour stage was LD in 41 pts of each treatment group. The mean delay between cycles was 8 days in the EP group and 9 in the EC group increasing in both arms with the number of treatment courses. The drug dose administered per unit time as a proportion of the protocol dose was 74% and 80% for the two groups respectively. Leukopenia, neutropenic infections, nausea, vomiting, neurotoxicity and hyperergic reactions were more frequent and/or severe in the EP group. The CR rates were 57% and 58% for EP and EC respectively. Median survival for all pts was 12.5 and 11.8 months, respectively. CONCLUSION: Both treatments proved to be effective, with no differences in response and survival between the two treatment arms. The EC regimen was associated with significantly less toxicity.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Carotid artery surgery and the principle of prophylaxis: recurrence in operated and nonoperated patients.

A total of 700 carotid endarterectomies have been performed over a 24-year period at the authors' institute; of these patients 632 (90.3%) had unilateral and 68 (9.7%) had bilateral disease. Some 71 patients who declined operation were followed-up to obtain the natural history of carotid disease. The operative results were compared against this untreated group of patients. Surgical endarterectomy was recommended for a recovered stroke in 190 patients (27.1%), progressive ischaemia in 20 (2.9%) and transient ischaemic attacks in 410 (58.6%). A group of 100 patients with non-specific symptomatology, who were considered 'symptom-free', were also operated on; none of these died or developed permanent postoperative neurological defects. The mean age of patients was 56 (range 28-86) years. The overall operative mortality rate was 0.8%. Perioperative neurological deficits occurred in 0.5% and temporary cranial nerve injury in 1.8%. The follow-up covered a period of 10 years, but was in several instances extended to 14 years. The incidence of late neurological events in the patients having an endarterectomy was 3%. In the non-operated group, 12% of normotensive and 18% of hypertensive patients developed symptoms. The 10-year postoperative survival rate was 80% in the symptom-free group of patients, 70% in those with transient ischaemic attacks and 60% in those who had a previous stroke.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Figure eight tension band in the treatment of fractures and pseudarthroses of the medial malleolus.

Between 1 January 1981 and 30 June 1987, 104 closed medial malleolar fractures and seven pseudarthroses of the medial malleolus were treated by tension band wiring. The ligaments, capsule and other fractures were reconstructed. Most of the fractures had healed after 8 weeks. We re-examined 97 of the fresh fractures and all seven of the pseudarthroses at an average of 3.8 years after the operation. Of the medial malleolar fractures 92.3 per cent were excellent. In type A fractures 90 per cent were excellent, in type B fractures 92.5 per cent were excellent and in type C fractures 89.36 per cent were excellent. In the group of pseudarthroses six were excellent.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Antipanic drug treatments: failure to exhibit anxiolytic-like effects on defensive burying behavior.

Although the Defensive Burying paradigm has been used as a behavioral "model" for the study of anxiety and/or antianxiety agents, the effects of chronic treatment with antidepressant agents (i.e., "antipanic" agents) have not been examined in this paradigm. The present study examined the effects of two antianxiety treatments on this behavior: 1) acute treatment (30-minute pretreatment) with the benzodiazepine anxiolytic chlordiazepoxide and 2) chronic treatment (twice daily for 7-12 weeks) with the antipanic agents imipramine (IMI), desipramine (DMI) or pargyline (PARG). Prior to testing, female Sprague-Dawley rats were placed in a 40 x 30 x 40 cm Plexiglas chamber containing clay bedding material (5 cm deep) for 30-minute periods on each of four consecutive days. On the fifth day, a wire-wrapped prod was placed at one end of the chamber. Rats were placed in the chamber individually and a 3 mA shock was delivered upon contact with the prod. Defensive Burying behavior (i.e., the moving of bedding material toward or over the prod) was recorded for 15 minutes postshock. In a dose-dependent manner, acute treatment with chlordiazepoxide reduced the frequency of occurrence of burying behavior, increased the latency to initiation of burying, and decreased the duration of burying. In contrast, chronic treatment with IMI, DMI, or PARG failed to exhibit anxiolytic-like effects on any measure of Defensive Burying. These data suggest that the Defensive Burying paradigm may not be an "animal model" for the study of panic disorder and potential antipanic agents.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Road safety and drink-driving: the knowledge and opinions of male and female adolescents.

This paper reports on a structured questionnaire survey of high school students from years 8, 9 and 10 and their knowledge and opinions on issues relating to general road safety and drink-driving. A representative sample of this larger group was then interviewed in more depth. The results are discussed in terms of previous surveys of adolescents' attitudes and knowledge on these issues and the educational questions that arise in the light of reported sex differences.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1990

[The types of the mandibular canal].

The purpose of the present study was to determine after studying 700 panoramic radiographs, the incidence of the various types of the mandibular canal and their relationship to sex. Our results indicate that in descending order of frequency of occurrence type III (the canal is located close to the lower border of the mandible) is the most common, followed by the type II (the canal is noted between the apices of the first and second molars and the lower border of the mandible) and the type I (the canal is in close contact with the apices of the first and the second molars). Only three cases showed bifid mandibular canal. There was no statistical significance between sex and types of the mandibular canal. There was topographical difference between the left and the right side in 19.86% of the cases.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Defensive burying behavior in maudsley reactive (MR/Har) and nonreactive (MNRA/Har) rats.

Based upon differences in open field and conflict behaviors, the MR/Har and MNRA/Har rat strains have been proposed as a genetically-based "animal model" for the study of emotionality and/or anxiety. The present study compared the MR/Har and MNRA/Har rat strains in the Defensive Burying paradigm. Prior to testing, female MR/Har and MNRA/Har rats were placed in a 40 X 30 X 40 cm Plexiglas chamber containing clay bedding material (5 cm deep) for 30 minute periods on each of four consecutive days. On the fifth day, a wire wrapped prod was placed at one end of the chamber. Rats were placed in the chamber singly and a 3 mA shock was delivered upon contact with the prod. Defensive Burying behavior (i.e., the moving of bedding material toward or over the prod) was recorded for each animal for 15 minutes postshock. There was no MR/Har versus MNRA/Har difference in the percent of animals exhibiting Defensive Burying, nor was there a MR/Har versus MNRA/Har difference in the latency to initiation or the duration of this behavior. Thus, these genetically-defined Maudsley rat strains do not appear to differ in all "animal models" for the study of anxiety or fear.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Influence of ibuprofen on renal function in acutely endotoxemic dogs.

Dogs were anesthetized with pentobarbital and instrumented to measure renal function. An inulin infusion was started; after an appropriate equilibration period one group was infused with endotoxin only (ETOX), a second group was pretreated with ibuprofen before (PRET) endotoxin, and a third group was post-treated with ibuprofen after (POST) endotoxin. Renal blood flow decreased in all animals, but renal vascular resistance increased only in the POST group animals. Urine flow and osmolar clearance decreased and free water clearance increased in the post-treated animals. Glomerular filtration rate as well as electrolyte excretion decreased in both the ETOX and POST group animals. Renal glucose output was unchanged in the ETOX and POST groups, but in the ibuprofen-pretreated animals there was significant net uptake, indicating increased utilization. Ibuprofen alone had no significant effect on blood flow, renal resistance, filtration rate, or solute and water handling. However, when ibuprofen was given 30 min after the induction of endotoxemia, the changes brought about by endotoxin alone were further intensified.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effect of doping control on weightlifting performance.

The results of participants in Junior World Championships of weight lifting were compared between the years 1978 and 1981 and also between 1981 and 1984. In contrast to a significant improvement of athletic performance which occurred between 1978 and 1981, no significant change was seen between 1981 and 1984. It is suggested that this lack of improvement may be attributed to the more effective doping control imposed in the last few years.

Anabolic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adipose tissue fatty acid composition, serum lipids, and serum alpha-tocopherol in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients living on the island of Crete.

OBJECTIVE: A pilot study to explore diet-related atherogenic patterns in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients on the island of Crete. Cretans are well known for their high olive consumption and low atherosclerotic heart disease mortality, in general. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: This was a hospital-based study initiated in 1991. Catchment area was the island of Crete, Greece. PARTICIPANTS: Seventeen patients admitted for treatment to the General State Hospital of Rethimnon. Controls were selected from the general population of the island and consisted of a random sample of 27 subjects from a total of 168 healthy subjects who visited the Preventive Medicine Clinic of the University Hospital for routine check-up. The control group was age- and sex-matched with patients. Both CAPD patients and controls had been residents of Crete for at least the last 10 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Adipose tissue was aspirated, and a 12-hour fasting blood sample was collected for determination of serum lipid parameters and serum alpha-tocopherol levels; dietary data from a 3-day recall were recorded. RESULTS: No significant differences between the two groups were observed with respect to the mean macronutrient intake. The mean levels of serum triglycerides (p = 0.016) and serum alpha-tocopherol (p = 0.001) were significantly higher in CAPD patients compared to controls. Mean levels of total serum cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were not significantly different. In CAPD patients the mean total percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) was significantly higher (p = 0.006) than in controls. The mean total percentage of saturated fatty acids (p = 0.004), along with the mean percentage of omega-6 (p = 0.002), the mean value of the ratio omega-6/omega-3 (p < 0.0001), and the percentage of linoleic acid (p = 0.001) were significantly lower in CAPD patients than in the controls. Among subjects with higher levels of MUFA in the adipose tissue, the CAPD patients were twice as likely to have high serum alpha-tocopherol (p < 0.001), and 2.6 times more likely to be in high risk of high total cholesterol (TC)/HDL (p = 0.08) compared to the controls. However, CAPD patients with high levels of MUFA in the adipose tissue (above the average of 65%) were unlikely [odds ratio (OR) = 0.001, p < 0.001] to be at risk of high TC/HDL (above the average of 4.1), and maybe unlikely (OR = 0.08, but p = 0.1) to have low serum alpha-tocopherol, when compared with the CAPD patients with low levels of MUFA. CAPD patients with high TC/HDL are 0.15 times less likely (p = 0.1) to have high levels of serum alpha-tocopherol compared to those with low TC/HDL. CONCLUSION: Cretan CAPD patients demonstrate an interesting profile consisting of unexpectedly positive aspects when atherogenesis-related factors such as those of adipose tissue fatty acid composition, serum lipids, and serum antioxidant alpha-tocopherol are considered.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Histologic study of corneal lesions caused by the slime-GLP glycolipoprotein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa].

The Pseudomonas aeruginosa slime-glycolipoprotein (GLP) is considered as one of the principal pathogenetical factors of the bacterium. A single dose of 100 micrograms of the P. aeruginosa slime-GLP was injected in rabbit corneas intrastromally. Light microscopy showed that 4 hours after the injection, polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) began to infiltrate the anterior stroma. 24 hours after the intrastromal injection, PMNs had infiltrated full corneal thickness followed by multiple absceses formation, loss of epithelial and endothelial cells, disorganisation of normal collagen fibres and hyperplasy of fibroblasts. These morphological observations are very similar to those observed during experimental P. aeruginosa keratitis and show that the P. aeruginosa slime-GLP is at least in part responsible for the characteristic liquefaction necrosis of the keratitis induced by the P. aeruginosa.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Human lung and bladder carcinoma tumors as compared to their adjacent normal tissue have elevated AP-1 activity associated with the retinoblastoma gene promoter.

Examination of the nucleotide sequence of the retinoblastoma (Rb) promoter revealed the presence of a DNA region highly homologous to the recognition site for the cellular transcription factor AP-1. A pair of complementary oligonucleotides containing the AP-1 site was synthesized and used in gel retardation assays to determine the role of the AP-1 protein in the regulation of the Rb gene expression. Using nuclear extracts from Hela cells as well as from lung and bladder tumors, we found specific binding of the AP-1 protein to this oligonucleotide. This binding is elevated in Hela cells, in 10/13 lung and 3/8 bladder tumors as compared to adjacent normal tissue. These results suggest that AP-1 could be implicated in Rb gene transcriptional regulation through its interaction with the AP-1 binding site of the Rb gene promoter.

Antibodies↗