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Biomedical subjects

E Papp

Publications and source records attributed to E Papp.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Selective action of 4'-azidothymidine triphosphate on reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and human DNA polymerases alpha and beta.

4'-Azidothymidine (ADRT) is a novel nucleoside analogue that exhibits potent inhibitory activity against the replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in lymphocytes. The mechanisms by which ADRT inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase (HIV-RT) as ADRT 5'-triphosphate (ADRT-TP), the active intracellular metabolite of ADRT, and as the ADRT-MP molecule incorporated into DNA were examined and compared to their effects on human DNA polymerases alpha and beta. Inhibition of HIV-RT by ADRT-TP is competitive against TTP and is more potent against RNA to DNA synthesis (Ki = 0.009 microM versus Km = 3.3 microM for TTP) than it is against DNA to DNA synthesis (Ki = 0.95 microM versus Km = 16.3 microM for TTP). ADRT-TP is also a more potent inhibitor for primer elongation on RNA template than on DNA template. ADRT-TP is a poor inhibitor of human DNA polymerases alpha (Ki = 62.5 microM) and beta (Ki = 150 microM) (Chen et al., 1992). The consequences of ADRT incorporation into DNA are strikingly different for the HIV-RT and for human DNA polymerases alpha and beta. DNA polymerases alpha and beta incorporate a single ADRT-MP molecule into nascent DNA at a very slow rate and continue to elongate. They are unable to incorporate a second consecutive ADRT-MP. However, HIV-RT is able to efficiently incorporate two consecutive ADRT molecules. Incorporation of two consecutive ADRT-MP molecules by HIV-RT prevents further DNA chain elongation. Incorporation of two ADRT-MP molecules separated by one deoxyribonucleoside monophosphate (dAMP, dCMP, or dGMP) also abolishes DNA chain elongation by HIV-RT.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed1990

[Longitudinal study of the dental status of pregnant women under prenatal care].

The correlation between pregnancy and caries resp. gingivitis has been investigated in 57 pregnant women under care, at least once in each trimester. The caries prevalence was 98.25 per cent, both DMF-T and DMF-S index mean values showed a small increase with progressing pregnancy. The mean number of decayed teeth decreased (from 2.58 to 1.54), the values of filled, resp. extracted teeth increased (7.82 to 8.88, resp. 2.33 to 2.51) for the 3.s trimester of pregnancy. The prevalence of gingivitis was 96.5 per cent, showing increasing index values from the first (2.43), through the second (3.10) to the third (3.40) trimester. The mean index values of oral hygiene showed a decrease, which is attributed to continuous dental care and treatment during pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Electroconvulsive therapy in neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism.

The effect of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) on the severity of neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism was studied in nine schizophrenic inpatients in a longitudinal triphasic design: neuroleptics-neuroleptics plus ECT-neuroleptics. The results suggest that ECT has a true antiparkinsonian potential. The role of ECT in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, especially with therapy-resistant patients complicated with on-off symptoms, is highlighted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Purified fibronectin administration to patients with severe abdominal infections. A controlled clinical trial.

Subnormal plasma fibronectin (Fn) levels are found in patients with severe abdominal infections (SAI). The repletion of Fn has been postulated to have therapeutic benefit by virtue of its opsonic, reticuloendothelial system (RES) stimulating effects. A controlled, prospective trial of Fn administration was performed in patients with SAI to assess its use as an adjunct to standard procedures of intensive care. Thirty-three SAI patients were given daily doses of 0.8 g of purified Fn on days 1-5 following admission to the ICU, whereas 34 control patients received no Fn. All patients received the clinical care, antibiotics, and pharmacologic agents appropriate to their individual needs. The admission status and laboratory profiles of the two patient groups (+ and -Fn) were comparable on admission to the study. No side effects of the Fn preparation were observed. As judged by subgroup averages, the Fn replacement regimen was effective in elevating Fn levels to within normal range from day 2 onwards, as measured by immunological and functional assays. The estimated intravascular recovery of Fn averaged 82% in those patients who survived, yet only 52% in the nonsurvivors. Ultimate hospital mortality was 9/33 (27.3%) in the +Fn group versus 13/34 (38.2%) in the -Fn group (p = 0.244, Fisher's exact test). Although ultimate mortality was not significantly changed by the administration of Fn, the Fn treated patients appeared to survive longer than did the control patients. This trend was confirmed through the analysis of expected survival curves (D = 3.12, 0.1 greater than p greater than 0.05). When compared to the survivors, the ultimate nonsurvivors entered the study with statistically higher group averages of bilirubin and creatinine concomitant with lower averages of Fn, antithrombin III, C4, C3, C3b-INH, and transferrin. These differences persisted throughout the 11-day monitoring period; differences between survivors and nonsurvivors with respect to platelets, plasminogen, B-1-H, alpha-2-macroglobulin, and prealbumin appeared during the same period. Dramatic differences between the +Fn and -Fn treatment groups were not seen. Other than Fn, the Fn recipients only developed higher levels of the acute phase reactants C4, C3b-INH, B-1-H and alpha-1-antitrypsin (p less than 0.05) than did their non-Fn treated counterparts. In the present study, we again found a highly significant pattern of correlations between the absolute levels as well as the changes of Fn and other plasma proteins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Abdomen↗
PubMed1984

Antithrombin III and related parameters in surgical patients receiving blood components.

We examined the intra- and postoperative behavior of antithrombin III (AT), factor V, VIII, and fibrinogen in 27 elective surgical patients without evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and treated according to the concept of blood component therapy inaugurated at our hospital in 1975. The intraoperative depletions of AT and fibrinogen were proportional to the transfusion volumes and correlated significantly. AT, fibrinogen, and especially factor V and VIII were significantly mobilized during surgery. A greater intraoperative depletion of AT was significantly associated with a faster recovery during the first 24 postoperative h. The AT activity was virtually stable over a period of 4 weeks in CPD-adenine red cell concentrates; fresh frozen plasma and whole blood are thus not essential as a source of AT. The application of our concept did not increase the frequency of thromboembolic complications, despite the fact that the intraoperative AT values fell below the presumed 'critical' level of 60-70% in some patients. The probable reasons are the brief duration of such levels, the simultaneous depletion of coagulation-promoting plasma constituents (e.g. fibrinogen), and the use of antithrombotic prophylaxis. Our results suggest no reasons for a routine use of fresh frozen plasma in patients with a loss and replacement of less than about 75% of their blood volume.

Antithrombin III↗
PubMed1982

Field concentration and temperature dependence of fluorescence polarization of magnetically oriented chloroplasts.

Chloroplasts in higher magnetic fields align with their equatorial plane perpendicular to the field. Because of the nonrandom orientation of the chromophores in the membrane the fluorescence radiation will be partially polarized. The chloroplast concentration, magnetic field, and temperature dependence of the fluorescence polarization has been investigated. The results are compared with a simplified model calculation. It is shown that the concentration dependence can be related to the linear dichroism of the fluorescence radiation and self-adsorption. Taking these effects into account results in the calculation of a higher fluorescence polarization (FP) ratio and higher inclination of chlorophyll dipoles to the membrane plane. Analyzing the magnetic field dependence of the FP ratio, we conclude that in a magnetic field not only will be chloroplasts be aligned, but the thylakoid stacks as well. A decrease in the FP ratio was observed around 20 degrees C. It is suggested that this decrease reflects a phase transition in the photosynthetic membrane.

Chloroplasts↗
PubMed1980

A quantitative approach to perceived health status: a validation study.

The current recognition of the importance of perceived health status as a predictor of need for, and utilisation of, health services has led to attempts to produce indicators which assess subjective rather than objective health problems. The development of the Nottingham Health Profile is described, together with a study which tested the validity of the instrument on four groups of elderly people differing in health status. The results showed that the profile was capable of discriminating between groups differing in terms of diagnosed chronic illness, number of consultations at primary care level, and physiological fitness. Age, sex, and marital status were not significant overall in affecting scores. In these elderly subjects, perceived health status accorded well with objective health status. Further tests of the profile are now taking place on younger groups of subjects.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1976

Liquid-solid chromatographic determination of 6-demethylgriseofulvin in urine.

A specific and quantitative liquid-solid chromatographic method for the determination of 6-demethylgriseofulvin in human urine is reported. The method consists of extraction into an organic solvent, addition of internal standard, and analysis by liquid-solid chromatography using a UV detector. Griseofulvin, if present, can be determined simultaneously. The sensitivity of the method is 6 mug/ml of urine. Total 6-demethylgrisefulvin is determined after hydrolysis of the glucuronide conjugate with glucuronidase-sulfatase enzyme solution. The method is well suited for the analysis of a large number of samples.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗