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E Paty

Publications and source records attributed to E Paty.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Allergy to goat and sheep milk without allergy to cow's milk.

BACKGROUND: Cow's milk (CM) allergy is the most frequent cause of food allergy in infants. Most children who are allergic to CM are also sensitized to whey proteins and/or to the casein fraction and many of them cannot tolerate goat's or sheep's milk (GSM) either. Conversely, the GSM allergies that are not associated with allergic cross-reactivity to CM are rare. METHODS: Twenty-eight children who had severe allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, after consumption of GSM products but tolerated CM products were recruited in a retrospective study. Whole casein and whey proteins were fractionated from CM and GSM. beta-Lactoglobulin and the different caseins were isolated, purified and used to perform enzyme allergosorbent tests (EAST) and EAST inhibition studies with the sera of the allergic children. RESULTS: Clinical observations, skin prick testing and immunoglobulin (Ig)E-binding studies confirmed the diagnosis of GSM allergy without associated CM allergy. EAST determinations demonstrated that GSM allergy involves the casein fraction and not whey proteins. Cow's milk caseins were not at all or poorly recognized by the patient's IgE, while alphaS(1)-, alphaS(2)- and beta-caseins from GSM were recognized with a high specificity and affinity. In all cases, increasing concentrations of CM caseins failed to inhibit the binding of patient's IgE to sheep or goat milk caseins, whereas this binding was completely inhibited by GSM caseins. CONCLUSIONS: The characteristics of GSM allergy differ from those of the CM allergy because it affects older children and appears later. CM products do not elicit any clinical manifestation in GSM allergic patients, whereas CM allergic patients, usually cross-react to GSM. In all the GSM allergic children, the IgE antibodies recognized the caseins but not the whey proteins. Moreover, IgE specificity and affinity was high to GSM and lower to CM caseins despite their marked sequence homology. Doctors and allergic individuals should be aware that GSM allergy requires a strict avoidance of GSM and milk-derived products because reactions could be severe after ingestion of minimal doses of the offending food.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Influence of thermal processing on the allergenicity of peanut proteins.

Peanuts are one of the most common and severe food allergens. Nevertheless, the occurrence of peanut allergy varies between countries and depends on both the exposure and the way peanuts are consumed. Processing is known to influence the allergenicity of peanut proteins. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of thermal processing on the IgE-binding capacity of whole peanut protein extracts and of the major peanut allergens Ara h 1 and Ara h 2. Whole proteins, Ara h 1, and Ara h 2 were extracted and purified from raw, roasted and boiled peanuts using selective precipitation and multiple chromatographic steps, and were then characterized by electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. The immunoreactivity of whole peanut extracts and purified proteins was analyzed by the enzyme allergosorbent test (EAST) and EAST inhibition using the sera of 37 peanut-allergic patients. The composition of the whole protein extracts was modified after heat processing, especially after boiling. The electrophoretic pattern showed protein bands of low molecular weight that were less marked in boiled than in raw and roasted peanuts. The same low-molecular-weight proteins were found in the cooking water of peanuts. Whole peanut protein extracts obtained after the different processes were all recognized by the IgE of the 37 patients. The IgE-binding capacity of the whole peanut protein extracts prepared from boiled peanuts was 2-fold lower than that of the extracts prepared from raw and roasted peanuts. No significant difference was observed between protein extracts from raw and roasted peanuts. It is noteworthy that the proteins present in the cooking water were also recognized by the IgE of peanut-allergic patients. IgE immunoreactivity of purified Ara h 1 and Ara h 2 prepared from roasted peanuts was higher than that of their counterparts prepared from raw and boiled peanuts. The IgE-binding capacity of purified Ara h 1 and Ara h 2 was altered by heat treatment and in particular was increased by roasting. However, no significant difference in IgE immunoreactivity was observed between whole protein extracts from raw and roasted peanuts. The decrease in allergenicity of boiled peanuts results mainly from a transfer of low-molecular-weight allergens into the water during cooking.

2S Albumins, Plant↗
PubMed2005

Genome screen in the French EGEA study: detection of linked regions shared or not shared by allergic rhinitis and asthma.

In the sample of 295 French EGEA families with at least one asthmatic subject, a genome screen was conducted to identify potential linkage regions specific either to allergic rhinitis (AR) or to asthma as well as those shared by the two diseases. Two binary rhinitis phenotypes based on (1) diagnosis (ARbin1) and (2) symptoms (ARbin2) and a categorical ordered trait (ARcat) were considered. Asthma phenotype was based on answers to a standardized questionnaire plus the presence of bronchial hyper-responsiveness. Linkage analyses were conducted using the maximum likelihood binomial (MLB) method. These analyses provided potential evidence for linkage to three regions in the whole sample: 1p31 for the phenotype defined by ARbin2 plus asthma (P=0.00016), 2q32 for ARbin2 (P=0.00016) and 3p24-p14 for ARcat (P=0.001). Two other regions were detected in the subset of 185 families with at most one asthmatic sib: 9p22 and 9q22-q34 for ARbin1 (P=0.001 and 0.0007, respectively). No region showed evidence for linkage to asthma without being also linked to AR. While 1p31 may contain a genetic determinant common to asthma and AR, 2q32, 3p24-p14, 9p22 and 9q22-q34 are more likely to harbor genetic factors specific to AR.

Asthma↗
PubMed2005

[What environmental measures should be taken for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in children and the prevention of other atopic manifestations?].

The association of atopic dermatitis, asthma and allergy is frequent. Hence, it is logical to imagine that eviction of the main indoor allergens (dust mites, animal danders) would have a preventive effect on the onset and progression of atopic dermatitis and the risk of asthma. Recent epidemiological studies are generally negative with regard to primary and also secondary and tertiary prevention. Only one study appeared positive; it combined eviction of food allergens and of indoor allergens during the first year of life. Other studies are warranted to assess the interest and efficacy of eviction of inhalant allergens in atopic dermatitis.

Child↗
PubMed2004

Sesame seed allergy in children.

BACKGROUND: Sesame seed allergy is becoming more common in childhood. The aim of this study is to define the clinical signs and the results of allergological work-up of this food allergy as well as the demographical data in children. Sesame seed allergy outcome is unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 14 children were recruited from 3 allergy centers in France. The diagnosis of food allergy was based on a convincing clinical history and positive skin prick tests and/or an elevated sesame specific IgE. Food challenge test was done when results of history and allergological work-up were conflicting. A reintroduction test was done when a child seemed to outgrow his (or her) food allergy. RESULTS: The median age at the beginning of sesame seed allergy was 5 years (range from 5 months to 16 years old). All patients reacted immediately after sesame seed consumption and presented as a first manifestation: edema (9 cases, 48%), urticaria (5, 27%), and one of each of the following symptoms (vomiting, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma and anaphylactic shock). One patient had recurrent anaphylactic shocks and another an anaphylactic shock after subsequent sesame seed exposure; these 2 patients were asthmatic. The median of the wheal size was 5 mm (range 3 to 15 mm). The commercial sesame seed extract was less sensitive than the native seed. The median of sesame seed IgE was 5.58 kUA/L (range 0.35 to 100 kUA/L). The follow up lasted from a few months to 6 years. Three patients outgrew their food allergy. All of these patients showed a previous drop of sesame seed IgE and skin prick-tests became negative. CONCLUSION: Sesame seed allergy is not very different than other food allergy. We reported the spontaneous outgrowing of sesame seed allergy without being able to define the predictive criteria for a good outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Latex allergy in children].

UNLABELLED: The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of latex allergy and the clinical features of children with latex allergy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We prospectively investigated 243 children consulting in our allergy out-patients unit during 1 year. Parents answered a questionnaire, and children underwent skin prick tests with common allergens and latex. Latex-specific serum immunoglobulin E was determined by CAP test in children with latex sensitization. The results were compared in children with and without latex allergy. RESULTS: The prevalence of latex allergy was 1.3%. A family history of atopy (75%) and a personal history of previous surgery was associated with latex allergy (P < 0.0001). In children with latex allergy, the frequency of sensitization to inhaled and food allergens, atopic dermatitis, rhinitis and conjunctivitis was higher than in children without latex allergy (P < 0.05). Avocado allergy was the food allergy most commonly associated with clinical symptoms. Balloon was the most common latex product causing symptoms (60%). CONCLUSIONS: Due to its potential severe consequences, latex allergy should be investigated in children who had undergone multiple surgical procedures and in the children with pollen-food allergy syndrome. Avoidance of latex is an important preventive measure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Relationships of allergic sensitization, total immunoglobulin E and blood eosinophils to asthma severity in children of the EGEA Study.

BACKGROUND: Although allergy is highly associated with childhood asthma, it is not well known if there is a relationship between the intensity of allergic sensitization and asthma severity. OBJECTIVE: The objectives of the study were to examine the relationships between several markers of allergy and asthma severity in asthmatic children included in the Epidemiological study on the Genetics and Environment of Asthma, bronchial hyper-responsiveness and atopy (EGEA). METHODS: The population comprised 216 asthmatic children below 16 years of age. Total IgE and blood eosinophil counts were measured and skin prick tests to 11 aeroallergens were performed. The intensity of the allergic sensitization was assessed by the number of positive skin prick tests and by skin weal sizes. Asthma severity was measured with four criteria: a clinical severity score, history of hospitalization for asthma, FEV1% predicted and inhaled steroid use in the last 12 months. RESULTS: Most of the children were sensitized to at least one aeroallergen (88.2%). Atopy was not related to the severity of asthma, except for a tendency for a more severe clinical score in non-atopic children. The type and intensity of the allergic sensitization were not associated with any criteria of asthma severity. Total IgE was significantly increased in children treated with inhaled corticosteroids and in children ever hospitalized for asthma (P-values 0.009 and 0.04, respectively). Eosinophil counts were not related to asthma severity. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that severe childhood asthma may be related to a high level of total IgE but not to blood eosinophil counts. The lack of positive relationships between both atopy and the intensity of allergic sensitization with asthma severity supports the hypothesis of different risk factors being associated with asthma and with the severity of asthma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Serological characteristics of peanut allergy in children.

BACKGROUND: Food challenge is considered an excellent clinical tool for the diagnosis of specific food allergy. However in the case of peanut allergy it may be difficult to perform because of the severity of the reactions. The quantitation of a specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) response to different peanut allergens could also contribute to the improvement of the diagnosis. We characterized the IgE response to a whole peanut protein extract and to Ara h 1 and Ara h 2 in different groups of patients classified according to the severity of their allergic reactions. METHODS: Specific serum IgE were analyzed in 96 children by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests using a whole protein extract or purified peanut proteins and anti-human IgE monoclonal antibodies labeled with acetylcholinesterase. RESULTS: A parallel was observed between levels of peanut-specific IgE and the classification in five groups and subgroups of patients upon increasing severity of symptoms, especially within the group of highest severity. Moreover, the highest frequency of positive response and the highest levels of specific IgE were observed with whole peanut protein extract. CONCLUSION: In a retrospective evaluation of peanut allergy in children, we have shown that quantitation of peanut-specific IgE could be used to avoid a food challenge particularly in the case of severe reactions. When compared to Ara h 1 and Ara h 2, whole peanut protein extract appeared to be the most appropriate allergen to perform the test.

2S Albumins, Plant↗
PubMed2002

[Construction and validation of a respiratory epidemiological questionnaire].

This paper illustrates the principles of construction and validation of an epidemiological questionnaire by using various aspects of the questionnaire prepared for the Epidemiological Study of the Genetic and Environmental Factors in Asthma, Bronchial Hyper-responsiveness and Atopy (EGEA). Standardised international questionnaires (for adults and children) were adapted and augmented for the requirements of the study. New areas in relation to international epidemiological studies are described (detailed descriptions of asthma and allergic rhinitis, trigger factors exposure tovarious environmental factors and family history). Various aspects of validation are discussed: the acceptibility by the study of missing data in the description of asthmatic symptoms, the construct validity for a score for allergic rhinitis, the reliability of a new self-administered questionnaire for perceived hyper responsiveness to various stimuli and the validity of reported family history using information obtained from family members. Some of these elements could be used in the context of other clinical and epidemiological studies. The complete questionnaire, together with the source of the questions, instructions for interviewers and the method of coding are presented in an appendix available on the internet (http://www.splf.org/bbo/revues-articles/RMR/depotElectronique/2001-110_Kauffmann/Kauffmann2002.htm) which supplements the printed paper.

Asthma↗
PubMed2001

[Epidemiological study of genetic and environmental factors in asthma, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and atopy. Protocol and potential selection bias].

BACKGROUND: The EGEA study combines a case-control study and a family study to assess genetic and environmental risk factors and their interactions for asthma, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and atopy. Information is scanty regarding potential selection biases, in particular regarding familial ressemblance in epidemiological surveys of this kind. METHODS: Asthmatic probands (adult and paediatric) were recruited in chest clinics of six clinical centres. Controls were mostly population-based (electoral rolls) for adults and recruited in surgery departments for children. RESULTS: The population examined includes 348 nuclear families ascertained by one asthmatic and 416 controls, totalling 1847 subjects (EGEA I) and an additional sample of 40 families ascertained by two asthmatic siblings (EGEA II). Potential biases for the various types of analyses have been studied. Quantification of the consequences of the greater participation of probands with a parental history of asthma shows it does not introduce a major bias in the estimates of familial resemblance. Cases and controls showed a good comparability regarding sex, age, area of residence and familial geographical origin, allowing proper associations studies for environmental and candidate genetic factors. CONCLUSIONS: The case-control component of the study will allow to perform studies on environmental factors and association studies for various genetic polymorphisms. Using the family base collected, segregation and genetic linkage/association analyses with DNA markers may be performed.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Relationships of active and passive smoking to total IgE in adults of the Epidemiological Study of the Genetics and Environment of Asthma, Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness, and Atopy (EGEA).

The increase of total IgE in relation to active smoking has been shown in the general population, but little is known about subjects with a personal or family history of asthma. The objective of this report is to analyze the relationships of active and passive smoking to total IgE in the Epidemiological Study of the Genetics and Environment of Asthma, Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness, and Atopy (EGEA). The sample studied includes 122 asthmatic probands, 430 first-degree relatives, and 190 control subjects, age 25 to 54 yr. As expected, first-degree relatives had total IgE intermediate between cases and control subjects and men had higher values than women. Current smokers had significantly higher IgE than never smokers. The relationship was statistically significant restricting the analysis in asthmatic probands. In a model taking into account gender, personal and familial history of asthma, socio- occupational class, and the nonindependence of subjects from the same family, IgE were in current smokers, ex-smokers, and never smokers 128, 61, and 76 IU/ml and 77, 41, and 55 IU/ml in men (p = 0.01) and women (p = 0. 05), respectively. The relation was independent of skin test response. Some increase in IgE was observed in both men and women first-degree relatives in relation to passive smoking. That relation was statistically significant in women only (adjusted for asthma values: 103 IU/ml versus 48 IU/ ml, p = 0.02). Results show that an increase in total IgE in relation to active smoking may be evidenced even in asthmatics despite the healthy smoker effect. Susceptible subjects, such as women who are first-degree relatives of asthmatics, may increase total IgE in relation to passive smoking.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Genome screen for asthma and related phenotypes in the French EGEA study.

A genome-wide search was conducted in 107 nuclear families with at least two siblings with asthma, as part of the French EGEA study. A two-stage analysis strategy was applied to the 107 families divided into two independent subsets of 46 and 61 families, where all regions detected in the first set of families were tested for replication in the second set. In addition, all regions reported by published genome scans in different populations were examined in the total sample. A total of 254 markers were typed in the first set of families and 70% of them in the second set. Linkage was investigated by model-free methods for asthma and four asthma-related phenotypes: bronchial responsiveness (BR), skin test response, total immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, and eosinophil count. The two-stage analysis led to the detection of three regions: 11p13 for IgE, 12q24 for eosinophils, and 17q12-21 for asthma and skin tests. Among the regions reported by published genome screens, seven were found in the 107 French EGEA families: three being already detected by the two-stage analysis, 11p13 (p = 0.005), 12q24 (p = 0.0008), and 17q12-21 (p = 0.001), and four additional ones, 1p31 (p = 0.005) for asthma, 11q13 (p = 0.006) for IgE, 13q31 (p = 0.001) for eosinophils, and 19q13 (p = 0.02) for BR.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

EGEA (Epidemiological study on the Genetics and Environment of Asthma, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and atopy)-- descriptive characteristics.

The Epidemiological study on the Genetics and Environment of Asthma (EGEA) was planned to assess genetic, environmental risk factors and their interactions for asthma and for the two related traits of bronchial hyperresponsiveness and atopy. The population examined includes 348 nuclear families ascertained by one asthmatic (213 adult and 135 paediatric probands) and 416 controls, totalling 1,847 subjects (EGEA I). Prevalences of asthma, skin prick test response, high IgE and bronchial hyperresponsiveness were for parents, siblings, and offspring of cases intermediate between cases and spouses or controls, both in adults and children, confirming the familial resemblance for asthma and related traits. With an additional sample of 40 families ascertained by two asthmatic siblings (EGEA II), a total of 119 families with two asthmatic siblings has been ascertained for a genome screening.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Epidemiological study of the genetics and environment of asthma, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and atopy: phenotype issues.

The Epidemiological Study of the Genetics and Environment of Asthma (EGEA) combined a case-control study and a family study. The total sample of 1,854 consisted of 348 patients with asthma selected through chest clinics and 416 control subjects and nuclear families ascertained through the cases. The protocol included standardized questionnaires, bronchial responsiveness, allergen skin-prick tests according to international protocols, total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) level measurements, and blood eosinophilia. Criteria used to select subjects with asthma and determine asthma status of relatives for affected sibling pair linkage analysis are described. Based on figures from the 348 asthma cases of the EGEA study, issues relative to the definition of severe asthma and intermediate phenotypes such as bronchial responsiveness and allergic markers are discussed. Given the phenotypic heterogeneity involved, relevant phenotypes that may lead to the detection of genetic factors will depend on the hypothesis tested. Standardization of primary data and subphenotypes is a prerequisite for pooling data, which will be needed in the future to better understand the genetics and environmental factors of asthma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Allergic children].

Epidemiologic data have shown an increased prevalence (and severity) of atopy related diseases (asthma, eczema and allergic rhinitis) during the post 15-20 years. Atopic respiratory diseases such as allergic rhinitis and asthma represent the effects of an immunological response to allergens, mediated through immunoglobulins E. Development of a clinically significant atopic reaction depends on environmental exposure. The majority of allergic children display positive skin tests to house dust mites, animal danders or pollens. Immediate hypersensitivity to food allergens starts early in life and is most often associated with atopic dermatitis. Allergic reactions to peanuts are generally acute and severe, with an increasing frequency. Parents must be aware of their child's problem and preventive measures must be undertaken very early in life, first at home and later also at school. Family history remains the best predictor of atopy in newborn babies.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

[Mandibular reconstruction by free transfer of the fibula after cancer excision].

The authors present five cases of mandibular reconstruction using a vascularised fibula free transfer in cases of mandibulectomy for cancer. After giving a short account on the anatomy, they describe the technical details of fibula preparation and its transfer at the recipient site. The clinical observations are described. This recent technique seems to be developing, taking in account the qualities of the fibula: available bone length, possibility of performing osteotomies with preservation of the vascular supply, low morbidity at the level of the donor site, and satisfactory cosmetic and functional results. Despite of one recent failure, this short series seems to confirm the great interest in this type of bone reconstruction.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Reconstruction of the mouth floor with nasolabial flap after cancer resection. Report of 81 cases].

The authors report functional results in a series of 81 patients with carcinoma of the floor of the mouth treated by surgical resection and reconstruction by nasolabial flap. The study confirms the literature concerning advantages and limits of such a flap. With regards to others techniques of reconstruction, nasolabial flap is still perfectly usefull in reconstruction of T2 T3 carcinomas of the floor of the mouth.

Adult↗