Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to E Pimentel.
Banded karyotypes were prepared from short-term cultures of lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of ten patients with untreated sporadic unilateral retinoblastoma and ten matched controls. Different types of structural chromosome aberrations were observed in the patients, including a statistically significant increase of chromatid and isochromatid gaps and breaks.
At present, hormones are clinically useful markers only for a minority of tumors, but in certain cases they are important for the diagnosis as well as for the follow-up of patients after treatment. In the future their application as tumor markers may be expanded by the use of methods such as radioimmunodetection and the study of hormone precursors and fragments.
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At present it is not possible to describe the precise sequence of post-transductional phenomena corresponding to the action of any hormone in a given target cell. It seems probable that different events at the levels of DNA replication, DNA transcription, RNA translation, and post-translational phenomena are regulated in each case in a specific sequential way. However, the possibility cannot be discarded of simultaneous and/or independent hormone actions in two or more of these type of phenomena.
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Our survey of 146 cases of thyroid carcinoma showed the following points: (a) in 20% of the cases the gland was diffusely enlarged without nodules; (b) in 35% of 34 cases, thyroid carcinoma was located in areas other than the "cold" zones; (c) multiple foci of carcinoma were found in 67% of cases with total or subtotal thyroidectomy and in 33% of cases with partial thyroidectomy; (d) anaplastic carcinomas (13% of cases) occurred in patients of all ages, 29% of them in patients younger than 30 years.
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The colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) are hematopoietic growth factors (HGFs) involved in regulating the formation of nonlymphoid blood cells. A brief review of the different types of CSFs and their biological properties is presented. The current nomenclature of CSFs and other HGFs is confused by the use of terms and abbreviations based on particular effects on target cells. However, a given cell is frequently recognized by more than one HGF/CSF, and a given HGF/CSF may recognize different types of target cells, including in some cases nonhematopoietic cells. A number-based nomenclature is universally used for the interleukins. Since the macrophage CSF (M-CSF) and the granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) have been designated previously as CSF-1 and CSF-2, respectively, the author proposes the designation of the granulocyte CSF (G-CSF) as CSF-3.
Hormone-related peptides (HRPs) are more frequently and abundantly produced in ectopic hormone-secreting tumors than in tumors of the respective endocrine glands. Most HRPs may have little functional activity. Therefore, tumors producing even high amounts of HRPs are either clinically silent or produce minor endocrine symptoms. The potential use of HRPs as tumor markers has several limitations. The difference in production and secretion between the tumor tissues and the respective normal endocrine glands is usually only a quantitative one. In cancer patients, different patterns of structural heterogeneity for different forms of hormone precursors and fragments may occur. Marked variation in the production and secretion of HRPs may occur depending on the physiological conditions; in some patients the amounts of HRPs may be about the same as in normal persons. Furthermore, the relative amounts of these substances, either in blood or in tumor tissues, may not be useful for prognosis.