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Biomedical subjects

E Prince

Publications and source records attributed to E Prince.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Repetitive and ritualistic behaviour in children with Prader-Willi syndrome and children with autism.

BACKGROUND: Recent research has shown that the range of repetitive behaviour seen in individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) extends beyond food-related behaviour. METHODS: The presence and intensity of repetitive, rigid and routinized behaviour in children with PWS was compared with that seen in children with another neurodevelopmental condition in which repetitive behaviour is common: children with autism. Parents completed the Childhood Routines Inventory (CRI). RESULTS: Contrary to our predictions, controlling for developmental level, children with PWS and children with autism showed similar levels of repetitive and ritualistic behaviour overall and on the two CRI factors measuring 'just right' and 'repetitive' behaviour. Indeed, the majority of the sample of parents of children with PWS endorsed most items on the CRI. However there was some specificity at the level of individual items with parents of children with PWS more frequently endorsing an item on 'collecting and storing objects' and parents of children with autism more frequently endorsing 'lining up objects', 'has a strong preference for certain foods' and 'seems aware of detail at home'. CONCLUSIONS: These findings confirm the range of repetitive behaviours that form part of the behavioural phenotype of PWS, including insistence on sameness and 'just right' behaviours, and uncover a surprising overlap with those seen in children with autism. Clinical management for children with PWS should include advice and education regarding management of repetitive and rigid behaviour. Future research should investigate whether the repetitive behaviours that form part of the behavioural phenotype of both PWS and autism are associated with a common neuropsychological, neurotransmitter or genetic origin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Trends in treatment performed in the Phelophepa Dental Clinic: 1995-2000.

Mobile clinics are a cost-effective method of meeting the dental needs of rural communities in South Africa. Phelophepa, the first primary health care train of its kind world-wide, provides eye care, education, medicine, basic health care and since June 1995 dental treatment to rural communities. All services are rendered by students under supervision of qualified staff. The aim of this study was to analyse and report the data for treatment performed in the dental clinic from June 1995 to May 2000. During its first five years of operation, dental services were provided at 183 towns in all provinces except Gauteng. Of the 42,073 patients treated during this time (an average of 229.9 per town), 67.4% were adults. 71.3% of the 103,283 procedures performed were extractions, 15.7% could be classified as preventive with the remaining 13% as restorative procedures. The average value of the service provided to each patient was R218.53. The exposure of dental, dental therapy and oral hygiene students to rural areas of South Africa serves the important purpose of sensitising students to the realities of oral diseases in these communities.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Anaphylaxis to rabbit: a case report.

BACKGROUND: While rabbits are common as pets, severe allergic reactions to domestic rabbits in homes are unusual. Typically, allergic manifestations are mild to moderate allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, pruritus and/or asthma in laboratory animal caretakers with frequent exposure. METHODS: We report an atopic child with a severe allergic reaction following inhalant exposure to a rabbit. We performed percutaneous skin tests and determined serum-specific IgE to commercial preparation of rabbit epithelium and extracts of rabbit fur and serum. RESULTS: Percutaneous skin test was positive to rabbit epithelium. The patient had elevated serum-specific IgE to rabbit epithelium and fur but not to rabbit serum.

Air Pollution, Indoor↗
PubMed1993

Programs for phasing by entropy maximization as implemented in Xtal3.2: a crystallographic software system.

Xtal3.2, a crystallographic software package, is an international development project involving about 40 researchers over a full spectrum of crystallographic interests. This development has been supported by many national and international agencies and commercial institutions since the first version in 1983. The 1992 release, Xtal3.2, contains software for 95 different calculations. These range from the processing of raw diffraction data to interactive molecular graphics, atomic charge estimation, electronic publication preparation, and the structure solution and refinement of small and large molecules. Tests of the Xtal programs for phase determination and phase refinement by the application of 'maximum entropy' are presented.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1993

Construction of maximum-entropy density maps, and their use in phase determination and extension.

Methods for constructing everywhere-positive electron-density maps with Fourier amplitudes matching those for arbitrarily large sets of observed data, utilizing dual-function methods for maximization of entropy, are described. Possible strategies for utilizing these maps for the determination and extension of phases in macromolecular structure determination are suggested, and problems are discussed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1991

Ab initio phase determination for X-ray diffraction data from crystals of a native protein.

An efficient algorithm for the determination of an everywhere positive electron-density distribution that agrees with observed structure amplitudes has been used to determine the phases of X-ray diffraction data from recombinant bovine chymosin, a protein with 323 amino-acid residues in the molecular chain whose structure was recently determined using molecular replacement methods. A systematic procedure for testing the signs of centric reflections, using the total entropy of the map as a figure of merit, was used to produce a low-resolution map. The phases of acentric and additional centric reflections were then chosen by adding them to the map with various possible phases and computing the total entropy of the resulting map. Of 159 centric reflections whose phases were chosen by this procedure, 141 had the same phase as in the refined structure. The median absolute phase difference for 1811 acentric reflections was 32 degrees. A map produced from these 1970 reflections, out of 12,346 reflections in the data set, showed a remarkable agreement with the refined structure. This molecule is many times larger than any whose structures have previously been determined without the use of isomorphous replacement, molecular replacement or anomalous dispersion, and the map demonstrates the potential of maximum-entropy methods in macromolecular structure determination.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1980

The effects of two methods of pelvic examination instruction on student performance and anxiety.

The impact of two methods of pelvic examination instruction on student performance and anxiety was examined. Forty second-year medical students were randomly assigned either to an experimental group which received initial pelvic examination instruction from professional patients or to a control group which received this instruction from a gynecologist with a clinic patient. Results revealed no significant difference between experimental and control subjects in subsequent performance of the pelvic examination, on heart rate, or on perceived anxiety using one anxiety inventory. However, significant differences were found using a second anxiety instrument. The cost per student examination was twice as much for the clinic-patient group as for the professional-patient group. These findings are discussed in relation to prior research and instructional practices.

Anxiety↗