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Biomedical subjects

E R Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to E R Anderson.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Physiologic comparison and validation of Stairobic stepping with bench stepping.

To compare the oxygen cost of submaximal exercise on the Stairobic stepping (SS) machine with bench stepping (BS), 12 healthy men and women (mean age 23 years) underwent six different five minute exercise bouts that were randomly assigned. Tests were conducted using standard open circuit calorimetry. SS at 40 and 60 st/min was equal to BS at 20 st/min and SS at 80 st/min was equal to BS at 30 st/min for VE and RER. VO2 was equal at 20 st/min (BS) and 60 st/min (SS), and 30 st/min (BS) and 80 st/min (SS). Stairobic MET (SM) displayed values over-estimated actual MET (AM) values at the two lowest SS rates and under-estimated the AM value at the highest SS rate. Forty-eight observations of the MET response of SS were conducted and analyzed (BMDP2R) in a forward stepping solution. The multiple regression equation calculated for AM was: AM = -0.567 + -0.012 (WT) + 0.063 (rate) + 0.612 (SM) with an adjusted R2 of 0.82 and a SEE of 0.90. The physiologic cost of BS was approximately equal to SS at two to three times the BS rate of stepping.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Neuropeptide Y in the hypothalamus: effect on corticosterone and single-unit activity.

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether neuropeptide Y (NPY) acts within the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) or the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) to alter circulating levels of corticosterone and to evaluate the effects of NPY on the single-unit response of PVN and SCN neurons using the hypothalamic slice preparation. Blood levels of corticosterone were determined in groups of rats that received microinjections of NPY or saline (Sal) into the PVN or SCN. NPY injected into the PVN 4 h after light onset resulted in corticosterone levels of 13.15 +/- 2.18 (SE) micrograms/dl within 1 h, which were significantly higher than the corticosterone levels of 4.08 +/- 1.78 micrograms/dl seen in rats receiving Sal injections. In contrast, no significant differences were observed in circulating levels of corticosterone between groups of rats 1 or 4 h after NPY or Sal microinjection into the SCN. In the hypothalamic slice, NPY was found to produce primarily inhibitory responses in both SCN and PVN neurons. Forty-nine percent of the SCN units examined were inhibited. In addition, another 20% of the neurons tested in the SCN displayed excitation followed by more sustained inhibition. In the PVN, 45% of the units examined were inhibited by NPY, however, nearly 30% of the remaining neurons were significantly excited by NPY. In summary, NPY alters the electrical activity of both SCN and PVN neurons but appears to act only within the PVN to influence circulating levels of corticosterone. These and other data indicate that NPY acts as an important neurochemical messenger within several hypothalamic sites.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Marital transitions. A child's perspective.

Despite a recent leveling off of the divorce rate, almost half of the children born in the last decade will experience the divorce of their parents, and most of these children will also experience the remarriage of their parents. Most children initially experience their parents' marital rearrangements as stressful; however, children's responses to their parents marital transitions are diverse. Whereas some exhibit remarkable resiliency and in the long term may actually be enhanced by coping with these transitions, others suffer sustained developmental delays or disruptions. Others appear to adapt well in the early stages of family reorganizations but show delayed effects that emerge at a later time, especially in adolescence. The long-term effects are related more to the child's developmental status, sex, and temperament; the qualities of the home and parenting environments; and to the resources and support systems available to the parents and child than they are to divorce or remarriage per se. In recent years, researchers have begun to move away from the view that single-parent and remarried families are atypical or pathogenic families and are focusing on the diversity of children's responses and to the factors that facilitate or disrupt the development and adjustment of children experiencing their parents' marital transitions.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1988

Design and implementation of a cost-accounting system in hospital pharmacy.

The design and implementation of a cost-accounting system in a hospital pharmacy department is described. Pharmacy resource use (labor, drugs, supplies, and overhead), or pharmacy's intermediate products, was clearly defined in terms of dosage forms (10 groupings representing variable labor and supplies) and drug products (more than 100 categories that incorporate cost and volume of use for 3000 line items). Costs were defined as variable or nonvariable (fixed), based on whether they were related to a specific medication order. Labor was divided into variable and fixed components. Time standards were developed using time and motion studies. Variable labor hours were determined as follows: specified hours (the volume of each dosage form multiplied by the standard time for each dosage form); nonspecified hours (time not directly associated with production); hours worked (specified plus nonspecified hours); and hours paid (hours worked plus sick leave and vacation). A standard cost for each drug product was based on the weighted average of volume and cost of the individual line items. The total drug budget was constructed by multiplying the standard cost for each drug product times the projected volume for each drug product. The pharmacy budget was developed by calculating the number and mix of pharmacy products used in association with the projected number and type of cases for the fiscal year. The monthly pharmacy budget reports were assembled with data from the payroll, billing, and cost-accounting systems.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Accounting↗
PubMed1985

Time and cost comparison of four methods of filling drug manufacturers' piggyback bottles.

The times and costs required for four methods of reconstituting i.v. antibiotic doses in drug manufacturers' piggyback bottles (DMPBs) were compared. Instafil filling devices were used with (1) a pressure cuff (Instafil Instafusor) for the diluent bag, (2) a peristaltic pump (Wheaton Unispense), and (3) a vacuum line. The fourth method used a vacuum line and a control handle (Vacu-fil, American McGaw). Batches of 20 bottles filled to 50 mL and 20 bottles filled to 100 mL (three trials each) and 60 bottles filled to 100 mL (two trials) were prepared by each of the four methods. The Instafil with vacuum line was significantly faster than the other methods used to fill batches of 20 DMPBs with 50 mL and 100 mL of diluent. It was also significantly faster than the Vacu-fil and the Instafil with the cuff for filling batches of 60 DMPBs with 100 mL of diluent. For batches of 60 DMPBs, the fill times for the Instafil with vacuum line and the Instafil with the peristaltic pump were not significantly different. For the batches of 20 50-mL DMPBs, overall cost per dose for the Instafil with vacuum line was $0.36, followed by Instafil with the pump ($0.37), Instafil with cuff ($0.38), and Vacu-fil ($0.54). Other batch sizes and fill volumes ranked similarly. Of the methods tested, the Instafil device with a vacuum line was the most efficient and cost-effective for preparing batches of 20 to 60 i.v. antibiotic doses in manufacturers' piggyback bottles.

Boston↗
PubMed1983

Effect of an impermeant arginine-modifying reagent on the responses of rabbit platelets to agonists.

The importance of surface arginyl residues in platelet aggregation was investigated by studying the effects of an impermeant arginine-modifying reagent, p-sulfonylphenylglyoxal (PSPG), on platelet responses to various agonists. Pretreatment of resuspended rabbit platelets with 2-15 mM PSPG resulted in complete inhibition of aggregation responses to ADP and 5-HT, and a concentration-dependent inhibition of the preceding shape change. Aggregation responses to thrombin also were inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner. The protective effects of antagonists of these three agonists (beta, gamma-methylene ATP for ADP, hirudin for thrombin and phentolamine for 5-HT) during pretreatment of platelets with PSPG indicated that intact arginine residues form part of the receptor sites for ADP and for thrombin. Arginine residues are not part of the 5-HT receptor site itself, but seem to be important for the maintenance of the functional integrity of this site.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1983

Time and cost comparison of four methods of filling piggyback bottles.

The time and cost required by four methods of filling piggyback bottles were compared. The four methods compared were (1) the traditional vacuum method, (2) the Wheaton Unispense Model II, (3) the Valleylab IV 6500 Formulator, and (4) the Instafil method. Batches of 20 bottles filled to 50-ml and 100-ml volumes were used to compare fill rates of all four methods. In addition, batches of 60 bottles filled to 100-ml volumes were used to compare the fill time of the Instafil and the IV 6500 Formulator methods. Relative cost factors were then computed for each method and used for comparison. The results showed the Instafil method to be the fastest method for batches of 20 to 60 bottles. The traditional method demonstrated the lowest overall cost, followed by the Instafil method. The authors recommend the use of the Instafil method for batches of 60 or less. For larger batches, an automated device like the Valleylab Formulator or the Wheaton Unispense may be more appropriate.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1981

The effect of local anaesthetics and antiarrhythmic agents on the responses of rabbit platelete to ADP and thrombin.

Local anaesthetics and antiarrhythmic agents produced changes in responses of rabbit platelets to ADP and thrombin that varied with the agent and its concentration. In high concentrations all local anaesthetics decreased aggregation rates. At lower concentrations several local anaesthetics increased aggregation rates. Depending on the agonist and local anaesthetic, increases were produced at all or only at low or high agonist concentrations. Local anaesthetics failed to influence shape change except at concentrations much greater than those which inhibited aggregation. Inhibition of aggregation by procaine was potentiated by small organic anions suggesting effects at different sites on the platelet membrane. The inhibitory effect of local anaesthetics was decreased by increasing Ca. Kinetic analysis indicated different mechanisms for this Ca effect, i.e., predominantly competitive for procaine or lidocaine and predominantly non-competitive for tetracaine or ethyl lidocaine. Local anaesthetics may affect aggregation by modifying the participation of Ca in this process.

Anesthetics, Local↗
PubMed1977

Perinatal mortality rate at a community hospital, 1956 to 1975.

This paper is a review of the perinatal mortality rate and its components stillbirths and neonatal deaths, for the years 1956 through 1975 at Memorial General Hospital, Las Cruces, New Mexico. It is an attempt to assess major medical factors, such as specialization and cesarean section, and weigh their effect on these indices of the quality of perinatal medical care. Other factors considered in the analysis were: ages of mothers, parity, birth weights, and socioeconomic, educational, and motivational factors. The apparent impact of direct medical care factors is considerably less than would be expected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Women & cystitis.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Cystitis↗
PubMed1976

Competitive inhibition by lithium and hydrogen ions of the effect of calcium on the aggregation of rabbit platelets.

ADP-induced platelet aggregation and shape change were monitored optically in citrated rabbit platelet-rich plasma (PRP) diluted with isotonic salt solutions. Lithium (Li) produced a concentration-dependent reduction in the rate of platelet aggregation but had no discernible effect on the shape change which precedes aggregation. When PRP was pre-incubated with Li, the inhibitory effect of the ion was independent of the duration and temperature of the treatment. The inhibitory effect of Li also was observed in heparinized PRP or when 5-HT was used as the aggregation-inducing agent. When Li was combined with aggregation inhibitors which enhance platelet cyclic AMP content either by activating adenylate cyclase or by inhibiting phosphodiesterase, only additive effects were observed. The inhibitory effect of Li was opposed by added calcium. Kinetic evaluation of the interaction between Li and Ca indicated that their antagonism was competitive. Added calcium also displayed competitive antagonism toward the aggregation inhibiting effect of increased hydrogen ion concentration in the pH range between 6 and 8.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗