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Biomedical subjects

E R Bishop

Publications and source records attributed to E R Bishop.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

The Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire in eating disorder patients.

The Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ) was developed to measure a variety of personality variants on three biosocial dimensions, harm avoidance (HA), novelty seeking (NS), and reward dependence (RD), which are thought to be related to serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and norepinephrine (NE) function, respectively. Patients with eating disorders have been reported to have abnormalities in all of these systems, as well as personality variants described by these dimensions. We therefore administered the TPQ to 147 patients with DSM-III-R defined eating disorders (110 bulimia nervosa [BN], 27 with anorexia nervosa [AN], and 10 with BN+AN) and compared their scores to those of 350 female controls. When significant, post hoc Bonferroni t tests were performed using alpha = 0.05. All subtypes of eating disorder patients scored significantly higher on HA than controls (p < or = .0001, analysis of variance. Only patients with BN (+/- AN) had significantly higher degrees of NS (p < or = .0001), particularly on the impulsiveness subscale (NS2), although this may, in part, be due to age. No significant differences in total RD were found, although BN patients scored lower on RD3 (attachment vs. detachment) and higher on RD4 (dependence vs. independence) than controls. In addition, AN patients had significantly higher RD2 (persistence vs. irresoluteness) subscale scores. These data support a theory of 5-HT dysregulation in both types of eating disorders and suggest that further research be done on the role of DA and NE in BN.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

A factor in human seminal plasma which affects carnitine accumulation in bovine epididymal sperm.

This study was initiated to determine whether factors are present in human sperm-free seminal plasma (HSP) that regulate the uptake and release of carnitine from sperm. Bovine caput epididymal sperm cells accumulated more carnitine than caudal sperm cells. A significant reduction in carnitine uptake by caput sperm was observed in the presence of HSP from normal subjects, but not from three subjects with reduced motility. A factor has been isolated from HSP that inhibits carnitine uptake by caput sperm and has the following properties: it is nondialyzable, stable to freeze-thawing, soluble in 60% ammonium sulfate, and has an approximate molecular weight of 158 kd. These data are consistent with the existence of a relatively high molecular weight protein in HSP responsible for the preservation of carnitine concentrations in sperm.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Non-overlapping factor scales for the Mini-Mult.

Performed a principal axes factor analysis on Mini-Mult item data obtained from 249 medical and psychiatric patients. Six factors were extracted and after Varimax rotation were labeled Psychoticism, Alienation and Low Morale, Somatization, Shyness, Dysphoria, and Defensiveness. Corresponding to these factors, non-overlapping summative scales were constructed and their reliabilities evaluated. Alpha coefficients were satisfactory for three scales, but the remaining scales, which contained fewer items, had less adequate reliabilities. The scales were recommended for applications in which it is desirable to avoid the excessive item overlap of the standard Mini-Mult scales.

Community Mental Health Services↗
PubMed1983

Monosymptomatic hypochondriacal syndromes in dermatology.

Monosymptomatic hypochondriasis (MH) is a term applied to the manifestation of a single prominent belief that one is diseased in some particular way despite evidence to the contrary. Although MH may assume a variety of clinical forms, three consistently described syndromes are found in the literature: (1) delusions of parasitosis (the belief that one is infested with vermin), (2) delusions of dysmorphosis (the belief that one is physically misshapen and unattractive), and (3) delusions of bromosis (the belief that one emits an offensive body odor). These syndromes may be the clinical expression of a number of underlying pathologic conditions, including psychiatric disorders, structural brain disease, metabolic and endocrine disease, and toxic states. Treatment of MH is based on the biopsychosocial evaluation of the patient and on addressing the multiple etiologic factors often found in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Delusions and parasitosis: psychotherapeutic engagement.

As with many psychiatric syndromes, there are multiple etiological factors which seem to play a role in the development of delusions of parasitosis. Our case report suggests that a psychotherapeutic approach may prove valuable in treatment. Acaraphobic and other monosymptomatic hypochondriacal patients, despite an extreme defensive stance, will adhere to and cooperate with a therapeutic process which enables them to voice psychic pain without challenging the validity of a somatic complaint. In finally sharing feelings of deprivation and hurt, the patient can, with some additional rather "concrete" advice, proceed to a point where he no longer must prove the legitimacy of his complaint. By the very nature of this freedom, he can then work with the therapist in a meaningful, rather than stalemated, psychotherapeutic process.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Diagnosis and management of hysteria.

Patients with the diagnosis of hysteria are a perennial management problem for the nonpsychiatric physician. Hysteria is an operationally defined clinical entity characterized by onset before age 30 and by multiple medically unexplainable symptoms. Such patients should be differentiated from those with psychiatric disorders resulting in somatization, especially conversion disorders, and should be managed in such a way as to minimize sick-role incapacitation and reduce injudicious use of medication, medical procedures, and hospitalization.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

An olfactory reference syndrome -- monosymptomatic hypochondriasis.

Monosymptomatic hypochondriacal syndromes have received little attention in the American psychiatric literature. A 5 year follow-up of a patient, who had originally sought treatment after experiencing an olfactory reference syndrome for 4 years, revealed diagnostic stability and no change in symptoms. The case is discussed in reference to the foreign literature on these states which appear to be distinct from schizophrenic or affective disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Dividing "hysteria": a preliminary investigation of conversion disorder and psychalgia.

The longstanding diagnostic controversy over the concept of "hysteria" has taken on new significance with the advent and development of the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-III). The problem of defining hysteria is therefore discussed and re-examined. A retrospective study of cases diagnosed as conversion reaction or hysterical neurosis, conversion type was then completed and analyzed. These cases were redefined using DSM-III criteria and were analyzed using a number of demographic and clinical variables. In a comparison of those patients classified as having conversion and those classified as having psychalgia, no significant differences were found. Those patients under the diagnosis of conversion and those carrying the diagnosis psychalgia differed significantly from a control group of patients with random "neurotic" diagnosis on five variables: a) symptoms are defensive; b) symptoms are expressive; c) secondary gain; d) previous physical trauma; and e) previous conversion symptoms.

Conversion Disorder↗