Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to E R Christophersen.
Discipline is one topic that virtually every ambulatory care pediatrician is frequently asked about. Although there is a tendency to provide parents with short, glib answers to questions about discipline, the literature on time-in, self-quieting skills, and independent play skills has rarely been addressed in the pediatric literature. It is, rather, covered in the research literature--a literature that is not exactly easily accessed by the pediatrician.
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The family physician can, through instruction in standard caregiving skills and discussion of parental expectations, prevent or minimize behavioral problems in infants and toddlers. Behavioral problems can be detected early by having parents describe a typical day. When detected early enough, many problems which occur at bedtime, mealtime and when dressing can be managed by the interested physician.
The shopping behavior of three elementary school-age boys was analyzed and parent-child interactions assessed for one boy and his mother. Estimates of parent of consumer satisfaction with child shopping behavior were also obtained. The effects of a parent-mediated treatment package on child behavior were assessed using a multiple-baseline design. Treatment produced significant increases in appropriate shopping behavior in all three children and parents became increasingly satisfied with improved child behavior. Analysis of data for one mother also revealed that her manner of interacting with her child became more positive.
The behavior of children riding in automobiles with their mothers was assessed by having an observer accompany them on repeated 15-minute automobile rides. Children riding in car seats exhibited very high levels of appropiate or safe behavior, whereas children not riding in car seats exhibited very low levels of appropriate behavior. When car seats were introduced to those children who previously had not used them, the level of appropriate behavior improved dramatically. These results were maintained at three-month follow-up observations. Prevention or reduction of disruptive child behavior on car rides is an obviously important, but previously unreported, benefit of the use of child restraint seats. This fact might very well be used by the pediatrician to further encourage or persuade parents to purchase and use child restraint seats. The use of a child restraint seat to reduce disruptive behavior during automobile rides is an advantage, beyond the safety aspects, of introducing car seats to young children.