Biomedical subjects

E R Garrity

Publications and source records attributed to E R Garrity.

42 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1983

Response of bronchial smooth muscle to mast cell degranulation in situ.

We studied the response of bronchial smooth muscle to mast cell degranulation with Ascaris suum antigen (AA) and compound 48/80 (48/80) in 26 mongrel dogs in situ. Bronchial smooth muscle response was measured isometrically in situ from a segment of the right middle lobe bronchus; tracheal response was monitored isometrically as a control. After intra-arterial (ia) injection of AA into the bronchial circulation, bronchial contraction preceded tracheal contraction by 19.2 +/- 4.6 s (P less than 0.002). Bronchial contraction to AA (21.7 +/- 3.4 g) was substantially greater than to 48/80 (10.5 +/- 1.8 g, P less than 0.05) corresponding to differences in maximal systemic histamine concentrations (146 +/- 24.1 vs. 1000 +/- 236 ng/ml, P less than 0.01). In 5 dogs, the effect of leukotriene D4 (LTD4) and FPL 55712 was studied. Injection of 10(-8) mol ia LTD4 caused no bronchial contraction. In four dogs, 10(-7) mol FPL 55712 caused no bronchial relaxation after initial precontraction during immune degranulation with AA; intravenous chlorpheniramine (5 mg/kg) caused 69.7 +/- 9.4% relaxation. We demonstrate a model that permits selective immune degranulation of a single major resistance bronchus in situ. We conclude that AA-induced degranulation in dogs caused bronchial contraction predominantly by secretion of preformed mediator.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Selectivity of the intrinsic sympathomimetic activity of the beta-adrenergic blocking drug bucindolol.

We studied the comparative effects of beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol (PROP) and bucindolol (BUC), a beta-adrenergic agonist having both alpha-adrenergic blocking properties and intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) on airway and cardiovascular responses, in 38 mongrel dogs in situ. Intravenous infusion of 0.6 mg/kg + 6 micrograms/kg/min BUC and 2.0 mg/kg + 20 micrograms/kg/min PROP caused identical shifts in the isoproterenol (ISO) EC50 for chronotropic and hypotensive arterial blood pressure responses. After PROP administration, resting heart rate (HR) decreased from 188 +/- 15 to 142 +/- 12 beats/min (p less than 0.02); BUC caused no decrease in HR. In contrast, the effects of BUC and PROP on mean arterial blood pressure response to ISO were similar. No change in bronchomotor tone was observed after bolus injection of either BUC or PROP. Beta-Adrenergic relaxation to ISO and alpha-adrenergic contraction to norepinephrine (NE) were studied simultaneously in tracheal and bronchial airways using chronotropically equivalent beta-adrenoceptor blocking doses of PROP and BUC. Comparable inhibition of ISO-induced airway relaxation after contraction with 120 micrograms/kg/min i.v. serotonin was demonstrated in both PROP (n = 5) and BUC (n = 5) groups (p less than 0.01 for doses greater than 5 X 10(-11) mol/kg). Similarly, both BUC (n = 5) and PROP (n = 5) blocked beta-adrenergic relaxation and caused identical alpha-adrenergic airway contraction to intravenous NE. We conclude that the ISA of the beta-adrenergic blocking drug BUC can be demonstrated on the spontaneous rate of the heart but not on the activity of bronchial smooth muscle. BUC neither augments ISO-induced relaxation nor inhibits NE-induced contraction of airways after effective chronotropic blockade.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in a lung transplant recipient: case report.

A 29-year-old man underwent bilateral lung transplantation and received maintenance immunosuppressive therapy. He was readmitted 11 months later with symptoms of cough, sneezing, and rhinorrhea. The physical examination was normal. Laboratory results were significant for a reduction of FEV1 and an interstitial infiltrate on chest films. The patient had recently undergone bronchoscopy for rejection surveillance, and 2 days before admission the bronchoalveolar lavage cultures returned positive for respiratory syncytial virus. The patient was treated with aerosolized ribavirin with complete resolution of symptoms. Respiratory syncytial virus must now be included in the list of pathogens causing pneumonia in the lung transplant recipient.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Female urethra.

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Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Incidence of phrenic neuropathy after isolated lung transplantation. The Loyola University Lung Transplant Group.

BACKGROUND: Isolated lung transplantation is a viable therapeutic option for many patients with end-stage pulmonary disease. Other intrathoracic surgical procedures have a well documented incidence of phrenic nerve dysfunction, although the incidence after lung transplantation has not been studied. METHODS: Thirty-one patients who underwent lung transplantation were evaluated for evidence of phrenic nerve dysfunction and subsequent recovery. Risk factors contributing to the incidence of injury were examined. Phrenic nerve injury was defined by two separate diagnostic tests (Transcutaneous Phrenic Nerve Conduction Studies and Fluoroscopic evaluation of diaphragmatic movement) used in combination. RESULTS: Of the 27 patients who were completely evaluated after the operation, eight had defining criteria for nerve injury--an incidence of 29.6%. Of those affected, the majority of injuries (89%) resulted in complete paralysis of the affected hemidiaphragm. The highest incidence of injury occurred in patients who underwent bilateral single lung transplantation (41%), with the right phrenic nerve being injured most often (78%). Fortunately, no significant postoperative morbidity was attributable to the occurrence of phrenic nerve injury when compared with those patients who did not sustain injury. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of possible risk factors resulted in the hypothesis that the likely mechanism of injury in these patients was due to stretching or direct instrumentation of the nerve, and thus measures should be instituted to minimize the possibility of injury.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Aspergillus and lung transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Aspergillus infection is a known complication of transplantation. METHODS: We describe our experience with 37 patients who received lung transplants over 2 years at Loyola University Medical Center. All patients who had evidence of aspergillus on culture of clinical specimens or had biopsies with hyphal forms consistent with aspergillus were categorized according to the clinical manifestations. Important risk factors were analyzed in comparison with other lung transplant recipients during the same period. RESULTS: The incidence of invasive aspergillosis was high (16%). No patient with disseminated disease survived. Locally invasive disease responded well to treatment with amphotericin B and itraconazole. CONCLUSIONS: Lung transplantation patients may have a higher incidence of aspergillosis as compared with other transplantation groups. Prophylactic measures need to be explored.

Adult↗