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Biomedical subjects

E Randall

Publications and source records attributed to E Randall.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Diet diversity and risk of colon cancer in western New York.

The effect of diet diversity on colon cancer risk was examined among 205 male and 223 female cases with incident primary histologically confirmed colon cancer and age-, sex-, and neighborhood-matched controls. Diversity was defined as the number of food items on the food frequency interview reported eaten, more than monthly for total foods and for fruits, vegetables, grains, and meats. Adjusted risk of colon cancer associated with total diversity was increased for men in the highest quartile compared with those in the lowest [odds ratio (OR) 1.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.95-4.15] but not for women. There was little association between risk and diversity within specific food groups for either sex, except risk of colon cancer was positively related to meat diversity in men (OR 6.78, 95% CI 2.80-16.45, highest quartile referent to lowest). We found that total diversity was positively related to colon cancer risk independent of other possible confounders. Diversity measures may capture additional diet-related disease risk elements, thus having implications for future recommendations regarding diet and disease.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1994

The 1992 APON Delphi study to establish research priorities for pediatric oncology nursing. Association of Pediatric Oncology Nurses.

The Association of Pediatric Oncology Nurses (APON) recently sponsored a two-wave Delphi study to identify the most important research priorities for pediatric oncology nursing. Seventy-five research priorities were rated for importance by 227 APON members. The majority of these members were inpatient or ambulatory care nurses who had been in pediatric oncology more than 25 months. The top 10 research priorities were primarily about nursing procedures and psychosocial care needs of patients and families. The top priority was to "measure the quality of life and late effects of treatment in long-term survivors of childhood cancer." Study findings will be used to encourage researchers to conduct research on these priorities and to encourage funding organizations to support research related to these priorities.

Child↗
PubMed1992

Dietary patterns and colon cancer in western New York.

Seven dietary patterns were identified among control subjects in the Western New York Diet Study (1975-1986) by application of principal components analysis to data from a 95-item food frequency interview. The results of case-control analyses of colon cancer risk for these patterns are presented. Cases were matched with neighborhood controls on the bases of age and sex; 205 colon case-control male and 223 female pairs were obtained. The dietary patterns and intakes of energy, total fat, and dietary fiber were examined with logistic regression for their individual contributions to risk. In males, three of these dietary patterns were associated positively with fat and energy consumption; they elevated risk for colon cancer and accounted for more risk than did the specific nutrients. Control for energy and fat intakes allowed the protective influences of additional dietary patterns to be expressed. No patterns elevated risk in women; two patterns were protective for colon cancer. Controlling for energy and fat intake enhanced the protection afforded by one of these patterns but had no influence on that of the other. Measures of foods rather than single nutrients may be more inclusive of dietary exposures to risk as well as being related more directly to underlying health behaviors. Therefore they may be better able to account for risk in diseases with multiple causation.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1991

High-risk health behaviors associated with various dietary patterns.

We have previously identified dietary patterns among 1,475 male and 780 female normal healthy control subjects in a case-control study of cancer at various sites. In this paper we examine the presence, among persons exhibiting these dietary patterns, of individual health behaviors that may contribute to risks for cancer. Specifically we examine trimming of separable fat from meats, fats used in cooking and as additions to foods, alcohol consumption, and smoking. Results indicate that men and women differ in possession of these high-risk behaviors. Women are more likely to trim fat from meat, consume less alcohol, and have lower exposures to smoking. Their dietary patterns are more independent of the fats used. Several eating patterns are positively associated with total fat intake but differ in their associations with high-risk behaviors. These data suggest that assessing risk associated with dietary patterns sheds more light on disease relationships than studies of single nutrients.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Patterns in food use and their associations with nutrient intakes.

This study used the frequency of food-use data collected previously in the Western New York Diet Study, a case-control study of diet and cancer at various sites, to develop measures of dietary patterns for subsequent use in epidemiologic research. Factor analysis was applied to frequency-of-use data of 110 foods for 1475 male and 780 female control subjects. Nine dietary-pattern factors were extracted for each gender. Correlational analyses examined relationships with intakes of nutrients of concern to cancer epidemiologists--energy, total fat, dietary fiber, and vitamins A and C. Findings indicate that the usual measure for assessing dietary risks, quantile of nutrient intake, reflects several dietary patterns differing in their composition of cancer risk factors. Furthermore, patterns may relate to such variables as age, ethnicity, and income, which are themselves related to cancer. This approach may provide a comprehensive measure of dietary exposure for epidemiologic research.

Diet↗
PubMed1990

Absence of diuresis during a 7-day saturation dive at 2.5 ATA N2-O2.

Three male divers were studied for 2 days during each of the predive and postdive 1 ATA air control periods and for 7 days at 2.5 ATA (2.3 ATA N2 and 0.2 ATA O2). The chamber temperature was always maintained at a comfort level. Average urine flow remained at 1500 ml.day-1 during both predive and 2.5 ATA periods; urine osmolality also remained constant at around 700 mOSM/kg. On the other hand, daily excretion of Na increased significantly from 139 mEq during the predive period to 178 mEq at 2.5 ATA (P less than 0.05) but returned to the predive level during the postdive period. In contrast, daily K excretion decreased progressively with a significant decrease during the postdive period (P less than 0.05). Plasma osmolality, Na, and K remained unchanged, whereas a 6% reduction of total protein concentration at 2.5 ATA (P less than 0.05) was observed. A quantitatively similar decrease (8%) was observed for hematocrit during the 2.5 ATA period, which did not recover at postdive. These changes were accompanied by a significant increase in urinary excretion of antidiuretic hormone (P less than 0.05) and by decreases in both plasma renin and aldosterone (P less than 0.05) level and urinary excretion of aldosterone (P less than 0.05). Plasma atrial natriuretic factor remained unchanged throughout the entire dive period.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Frequency of food use data and the multidimensionality of diet.

Cancer epidemiologists rely heavily on the frequency of food use technique to assess dietary risk factors. We found that the accepted procedures for arraying individuals along a continuum, based on their positions within distributions of intakes of specific nutrients, simultaneously array them on other dietary characteristics. A unidimensional approach to dietary assessment could confound cancer risk assessments, and the effects could differ for men and women. We found that men consumed more calories and energy-containing nutrients than women, who were more likely to consume larger amounts of vitamins A and C. Dietary variety was similar for men and women, despite compositional differences in diet. Diets of men contained proportionately more meats, grains and nuts, and alcohol. Diets of women contained more fruits, vegetables, and poultry and fish. Among men, we found stronger intercorrelations among energy intake and intakes of fat, fiber, and vitamin C and among fat intake and intakes of fiber and vitamins A and C. Compositional differences in diet across quartiles of nutrient intake were not consistent for men and women, suggesting that the constellation of dietary risk factors may differ for the two sexes. Men in the lowest quartiles of energy, fiber, and vitamin A intakes had the greatest percent contribution of alcohol to the diet. This pattern was not observed for fat intake levels. Measures of dietary patterns may be needed for more accurate descriptions of the associations of cancer risk and diet.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1988

Campylobacter pylori gastritis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Campylobacter pylori has been associated with gastritis, duodenitis, and duodenal ulceration in the immunocompetent individual. It has been described within the superficial mucus layer, in interepithelial junctions, and occasionally in the microcanaliculi of epithelial cells, but never in the lamina propria. We describe a case of invasive C. pylori in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and discuss its clinical presentation and histopathological findings.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

Living arrangements and dietary patterns of older adults in the United States.

Living arrangements and dietary patterns were examined for 3,477 adults aged 65 to 74 from the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1971 to 1974 (NHANES I). Several indicators of dietary variety, diet composition, and energy and nutrient intake from both the 24-hour recall, and the dietary frequency questionnaires were analyzed. Dietary patterns of older men were associated more strongly with type of living arrangement and income compared with older women. Men living with a spouse consistently had more favorable dietary patterns than either those living alone or those living with someone other than a spouse. Low income men who were not living with a spouse were at highest risk of poor dietary intake. Income was associated more consistently with the dietary indicators than type of living arrangement for women. Income, however, was still a less consistent influence on dietary patterns of older women compared to older men.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Establishment of MICs of moxalactam for control and reference anaerobic organisms in agar dilution and microdilution techniques.

The MICs of moxalactam were determined for eight National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards control and reference strains and for Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 10953 by agar and microdilution techniques. The recommended MIC for the control strain Bacteroides fragilis in both agar and microdilution tests is 0.5 micrograms/ml. Recommended MICs for Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron ATCC 29741 and Clostridium perfringens ATCC 13124 by agar dilution are 8 and 0.063 micrograms/ml, respectively. These two strains gave inconsistent results in microdilution tests. Variation in results with microdilution procedures was seen, which illustrates problems in reading endpoints and with modifications of media. Recommended MICs for the reference strains are presented.

Agar↗
PubMed1985

Diet diversity and nutrient intake.

Variety is espoused as a key to dietary adequacy, yet data from new shortcut dietary measures suggest that intakes of relatively few foods can accurately classify individuals according to nutrient intake. This study examines diet diversity, caloric intake, and nutrient density values as contributors to the level of selected nutrients in the diets of 1,747 white men and 1,898 white women, 18 to 34 years old, completing the 24-hour recall in NHANES II. Nutrient intake was directly related to both number of foods eaten and total calories consumed, as well as to nutrient density values. For fat, saturated fat, and potassium, higher caloric consumption alone may account for substantial differences in nutrient intakes between the lowest and highest quartiles. For cholesterol, calcium, and vitamin A, differences in dietary density were more important in explaining nutrient intake differences. Both caloric intake and nutrient density influence sodium intake from food sources. For some nutrients, an overall measure of diversity may be useful for estimating intakes. For others, nutrient-specific diversity indexes would likely be needed. Knowledge of specific foods in diets with high levels of nutrients could aid the construction of food frequency instruments.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Establishment of minimum inhibitory concentrations of cefoperazone for control and reference anaerobic organisms.

The minimum inhibitory concentrations of cefoperazone were determined in a collaborative study for eight National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards control and reference strains of anaerobic bacteria by agar and microdilution techniques with several types and sources of media. Recommended minimum inhibitory concentrations for the control strains, Bacteroides fragilis ATCC 25285 and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron ATCC 29741, are 32 to 64 micrograms/ml and 64 micrograms/ml, respectively. Clostridium perfringens ATCC 13124 gave inconsistent results, and no value is recommended. Recommended values for reference strains are presented. Modification of media did not significantly change the minimum inhibitory concentrations.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1982

Relationship between dietary and biochemical measures of nutritional status in HANES I data.

Data from the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were examined for individual 24-h dietary intakes of protein, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, and iron, and for laboratory indices of the same nutrients in blood and urine. Mean intake values were close to or above reference standards for all nutrients except iron. Substandard laboratory values were recorded for: serum albumin and vitamin A--less than 3% of subjects; urinary thiamin/creatinine excretion--3 and 8% of white and Black subjects, respectively; Hb, hematocrit, and percentage transferrin saturation--5 to 15% of whites and 18 to 27% of Black subjects; serum iron--less than 6% of subjects. Individual dietary recall data were of limited value in predicting the laboratory indices; regression analyses indicated that sociodemographic variables may be of greater predictive value.

Adolescent↗