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Biomedical subjects

E Reese

Publications and source records attributed to E Reese.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Development of an intelligent polymerized crystalline colloidal array colorimetric reagent.

We have developed a novel colorimetric reagent for the determination of Pb2+, pH, and temperature. This colorimetric reagent consists of a dispersion of approximately 100-microm particles composed of an intelligent polymerized crystalline colloidal array (IPCCA). The IPCCA particles are composed of a hydrogel polymerized around a face-centered cubic (fcc) array of monodisperse, highly charged polystyrene colloidal particles. These IPCCA particles diffract visible light because the (111) planes of the fcc polystyrene colloidal particle array have an approximately 200-nm lattice constant. The IPCCA particles also contain a molecular recognition agent that actuates array volume changes as a result of changes in analyte concentration or temperature. This results in changes in the IPCCA lattice constants, which shifts the wavelength of light diffracted. We report here the use of these sensing materials in a liquid dispersion that can be poured into a sample solution. This diffraction measurement method is analogous to X-ray powder diffraction measurements. The diffraction wavelength is monitored at a defined angle relative to the incident light.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Arterial first pass gadolinium-CM dynamics as a function of several intravenous saline flush and Gd volumes.

This study was performed to evaluate the dynamics of an arterial first pass gadolinium (Gd) contrast medium (CM) bolus at the descending aorta (DAo), depending on various saline flush and Gd volumes. Using an ultra-fast two- dimensional GE-sequence (Siemens Vision, 1.5-T), 200 sequential cross-sectional images of the addressed vessel (1 slice/s) were obtained. Several saline flush volumes (15 mL, 30 mL, and 60 mL) were applied following the administration of 10 mL Gd (single dose) to a group of 4 normal volunteers (body weight 50-55 kg) using a mechanical MR injector (injection rate = 3.0 mL/s). Additionally, when performing a second test series, the saline volume remained constant, while the Gd volumes were varied from half doses to triple doses (5, 10, 20, and 30 mL Gd were given to every volunteer of the group). The signal intensity versus time (SI/T) curve at a measured region of interest (ROI) within the DAo was calculated. The bolus arrival time (BAT), the maximal signal-to-noise ratio (SNR(max)), the bolus time length (BL; 75% and 80% maximum intensity duration), the slope of the SI/T curve, and the areas below the SI/T curve for both the 80% and 75% maximum intensity duration level (INT(80%) and INT(75%)) were calculated. The increase of saline flush volume from 30 to 60 mL caused significant bolus lengthening of approximately 50% (mean BL = 9.5 s, 10.3 s, and 15.4 s for 15 mL, 30 mL, and 60 mL saline flush volumes, respectively, measured as SI/T duration at the 75% SNR(max) level). Using saline flush volumes equal to or higher than 30 mL increased the slope of the SI/T curve. A continuous increase of INT(75%/80%) by using higher saline flush volumes was found. Different saline and Gd volumes did not affect the SNR(max) and the BAT. Only the low dose (0.05 mmol/kg Gd) showed a 17%-21.6% significantly lower SNR(max). The BL and the INT increased mainly by enlarging of applied Gd volume from single to double dose (BL(75%) and INT(75%) were 9.6 s and 1305, 12.3 s and 2121, 38.5 s and 6181, 37.8 s and 6613 for 5, 10, 20, and 30 mL applied Gd volume, respectively). The arterial bolus length benefits from increasing Gd and saline flush volumes due to increased venous bolus length and wash out effects of Gd within the injection site of the vein. Doses larger than a single dose are not needed to increase the SNR in contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography images of the thoracic aorta.

Aorta, Thoracic↗
PubMed2001

Three-dimensional dynamic MR hysterosalpingography: a preliminary report.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of three-dimensional dynamic MR hysterosalpingography (3D MR HSG) for visualization of the cavum uteri and demonstration of bilateral fallopian tube patency as an alternative to conventional hysterosalpingography. Five infertile female patients underwent 3D dynamic MR HSG prior to conventional hysterosalpingography. The MR protocol consisted of axial T1-weighted spin-echo (SE), axial/coronal T2-weighted fast SE (FSE), and 3D MR angiography sequences before, during, and after injection of a diluted gadolinium solution into the cavum uteri via a balloon catheter. Positioning of the catheter was feasible in all patients. In one patient the catheter slipped out during MRI and in one patient the catheter was placed far in the cavum uteri. In three patients catheter position was optimal at the level of the cervical canal. Evaluation of pelvic anatomy, myometrium, and ovaries was possible in all patients on the basis of T1-weighted SE and T2-weighted FSE. Three-dimensional visualization of the dilated cavum uteri was possible in four patients. In these four patients 3D MR HSG also proved bilateral fallopian tube patency which was confirmed in each patient by conventional hysterosalpingography. Three-dimensional MR HSG is feasible and further research should be done to determine if this technique can evolve into an alternative technique to conventional hysterosalpingography with the advantages of no radiation and additional visualization of the uterus wall and ovaries.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Predictive validity of the New Zealand MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory: Words and Sentences.

This study assessed the long-term predictive validity of the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories: Words and Sentences (CDI:WS; Fenson, Dale, Reznick, Thal, Bates, Hartung, Pethick & Reilly, 1993) for children's expressive and receptive vocabulary development. Sixty-one New Zealand children (31 females) were assessed with a New Zealand version of the CDI: WS at 1;7 and 2;1 and with the Expressive Vocabulary Test (Williams, 1997) and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-III (Dunn & Dunn, 1997) at 2;8 and 3;4. Excellent reliability and good predictive validity was obtained for the NZ CDI:WS even over a 21-month delay. Predictive validity of the NZ CDI:WS for the PPVT-III was higher for children of mothers with less education. We discuss the implications of these results for use of the CDI:WS with children from a broad range of cultural and educational backgrounds.

Child Language↗
PubMed1999

Quality of adult book reading affects children's emergent literacy.

The authors assessed the relative benefits of 3 styles of adult book reading for preschoolers' emergent literacy. A describer style focused on describing pictures during the reading, a comprehender style focused on story meaning, and a performance-oriented style introduced the book and discussed story meaning on completion. Forty-eight 4-year-olds were randomly assigned to receive 1 of the 3 reading styles over a 6-week period. Pretests and posttests measured children's receptive vocabulary, print, and story comprehension skills. A describer style of reading resulted in the greatest overall benefits for children's vocabulary and print skills, but a performance-oriented style was also beneficial when children's initial skill levels were taken into account. Future book-reading interventions should be tailored to children's initial skill levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Origins of autobiographical memory.

This study tested the predictions of M. L. Howe and M. L. Courage's (1993, 1997) theory of infantile amnesia compared with a social-interactionist account of autobiographical memory development (R. Fivush & E. Reese, 1992; K. Nelson, 1993b). Fifty-eight mother-child dyads were assessed for maternal styles of talking about the past and for children's self-recognition, language production, and nonverbal memory when the children were 19 months old. Children's shared and independent memory reports were then assessed from 19 to 32 months. Maternal reminiscing style and self-recognition uniquely predicted children's shared memory reports across time, even with children's initial language and nonverbal memory factored out. Self-recognition skills also predicted children's later independent memory. These results support a pluralistic account of the origins of autobiographical memory.

Autobiographies as Topic↗
PubMed1993

Acute toxicity of gasoline and some additives.

The acute toxicity of gasoline; its components benzene, toluene, and xylene; and the additives ethanol, methanol, and methyl tertiary butyl ether are reviewed. All of these chemicals are only moderately to mildly toxic at acute doses. Because of their volatility, these compounds are not extensively absorbed dermally unless the exposed skin is occluded. Absorption through the lungs and the gastrointestinal tract is quite efficient. After ingestion, the principal danger for a number of these chemicals, particularly gasoline, is aspiration pneumonia, which occurs mainly in children. It is currently not clear whether aspiration pneumonia would still be a problem if gasoline were diluted with ethanol or methanol. During the normal use of gasoline or mixtures of gasoline and the other solvents as a fuel, exposures would be much lower than the doses that have resulted in poisoning. No acute toxic health effects would occur during the normal course of using automotive fuels.

Animals↗