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E Ron

Publications and source records attributed to E Ron.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Change in the extent of colonic involvement in ulcerative colitis: a colonoscopic study.

The change over time in the extent of colonic involvement in ulcerative colitis has, to date, been assessed only by radiological means. To study this issue further, we examined, with repeated colonoscopies, 31 patients with ulcerative colitis. Serial biopsies were taken every 5 cm from the most proximal area reached by the colonoscope down to rectum. The endoscopic and histological extents were evaluated, and the severity of the inflammatory process was graded. Clinical scoring also was performed at the time of both colonoscopies. A change of extent was found in 77% of the patients endoscopically, and in 58% histologically, during a mean follow-up period of 17 months. Extension and regression were demonstrated in the same number of patients. In 61% of 62 procedures, there was complete agreement between colonoscopic and histological extents. The histological extent exceeded the colonoscopic extent in 28% of the procedures. We have the impression that change in the disease extent is a frequent event, and may be a part of the natural history of ulcerative colitis, rather than the exception.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Colorectal adenomatous polyps and carcinoma in Ashkenazi and non-Ashkenazi Jews in Israel.

In Israel, the incidence of colorectal cancer among European-American-born Jews is approximately 2.5 times that of African-Asian-born Jews. To determine the risk of all colorectal tumors for the two ethnic groups, 335 patients with colorectal adenomatous polyps and 295 with colorectal cancer, diagnosed between 1980-1984 at the Sheba Medical Center, were compared to the 35,094 persons attending the outpatient clinics at the same hospital, during September and October 1984. Ashkenazi patients (European-American-born) had a 2.5-fold risk (95% confidence interval 1.9-3.3) of colorectal polyps compared to non-Ashkenazi patients (African-Asian-born). The risk was similar for males (odds ratios [OR] = 2.3) and females (OR = 2.8). Ashkenazis also had a significantly enhanced risk of carcinoma: OR = 3.1; 95% confidence interval 2.2-4.3. The risk ratio was slightly higher for males (OR = 3.5) than females (OR = 2.7). Age-specific analyses demonstrated an elevated risk of both malignant and benign neoplasms among Ashkenazi patients at all ages at diagnosis. Among the polyp patients, the highest risk ratio was for patients between 30 and 49 years old, while among the cancer patients the risk was highest in the group of 60-69-year-olds. The distribution by size of polyps, number of polyps, as well as polyp subsite, was similar for Ashkenazi and non-Ashkenazi patients; however non-Ashkenazis tended to have slightly more right-sided colon cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Colorectal tumor screening in women with a past history of breast, uterine, or ovarian malignancies.

Epidemiologic studies have shown that women who have successfully recovered from breast, uterine, or ovarian cancer have about twice the expected risk of developing colorectal cancer. These high-risk women were entered, therefore, into a large bowel screening program based on fecal occult blood detection, flexible sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy, when appropriate. The study group consisted of 183 women and the results were compared with 252 comparison subjects of similar age and ethnic origin. Neoplastic lesions, adenomatous polyps, or cancer were 2.5 times more frequent in the study group. However, for the largest group, women with a past history of breast cancer, the relative risk, adjusted for a family history of gastrointestinal cancer, was 3.0 (P = 0.03). This pilot study confirms the value of continuing to screen these patients, especially those with a positive family history of gastrointestinal malignancies. However, for psychological and administrative reasons, it may be better that their colon screening be integrated into a combined colon, breast, and gynecologic tumor follow-up, and not be part of a separate service.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Histopathologic reproducibility of thyroid disease in an epidemiologic study.

An investigation of the long-term effects of childhood scalp irradiation demonstrated a significantly increased risk of thyroid tumors in the irradiated population. Because of the complexity of thyroid cancer diagnosis, a histopathologic slide review of 59 of the 68 patients (irradiated and nonirradiated) with thyroid disease was undertaken. The review revealed 90% agreement (kappa = +0.85, P less than 0.01) between the original and review diagnosis. Four of 27 cases previously diagnosed as malignant were reclassified as benign, yielding a cancer misdiagnosis rate of 14.8%. All four of the misdiagnosed cancers were of follicular or mixed papillary-follicular type. As a result of the histologic review, the ratio of malignant to benign tumors decreased from 2.55 to 1.75. Since disagreement in diagnosis was similar in the irradiated and nonirradiated groups, the relative risk of radiation-associated neoplasms did not change substantially. The histopathologic review shows that although there were some problems in diagnostic reproducibility, they were not statistically significant and did not alter our previous conclusions regarding radiation exposure. However, a 15% reduction in the number of malignancies might affect epidemiologic studies with an external comparison as well as geographic or temporal comparisons.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

A community-based program of colorectal screening in an asymptomatic population: evaluation of screening tests and compliance.

The incidence of colorectal cancer in Ashkenazi Jews is two to three times higher than in non-Ashkenazis. For a community colorectal screening program 1339 asymptomatic Ashkenazis over 40 yr old were asked to participate. Of these 1012 (75%) took Hemoccult II kits [fecal occult blood tests (FOBT)], and 614 (46%) personally returned them. Screenees were interviewed regarding family and personal medical history. Fourteen persons (2.3%) had positive tests, in whom colonoscopy revealed two with cancer (Dukes' B,C) and two with a greater than 2 cm polyp. The remaining 600 persons were invited for flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) but only 287 (48%) appeared. The mean depth of insertion of the instrument was 50.3 cm (range 30-120), but was poorer for women. FS identified lesions in 28 (9.7%) persons: three had Dukes' A carcinomas and 25 had less than 2 cm adenomatous polyps. Significantly more women than men accepted FOBT, but among those completing FOBT, there was no difference by sex for use of FS. Middle-aged persons (50-69 yr) found screening more acceptable than young or older persons. Among screenees who agreed to undergo FS, a significantly larger fraction had a first relative with colon cancer, or a personal history of colon or female genital neoplasia, compared to those not agreeing to FS. There were no differences in screenees with relatives with noncolon cancer. Eighty-eight couples completed FOBT and were invited for FS. The decision whether or not to participate was made for both members in 81 (92%) couples. In conclusion, effective screening programs have to take into consideration compliance patterns of the target population.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

A case-control study of caffeine and methylxanthines in benign breast disease.

A dietary case-control study of 854 histologically diagnosed cases of benign breast disease (BBD), 755 matched surgical controls, and 723 matched neighborhood controls was conducted in Israel between 1977 and 1980. No association between coffee consumption and BBD was found. Analyses by histological type, degree of ductal atypia, age, sex, and ethnic origin, controlling for several confounding factors, confirmed the lack of association. The estimated mean intake of methylxanthines was also similar for cases and controls (302, 312, and 313 mg for cases, surgical controls, and neighborhood controls, respectively). No evidence of a dose-response was noted. Our results suggest that there is no association between coffee or methylxanthine consumption and BBD, although we had a 70% chance of finding a risk ratio of 1.5 with an error of 5%.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Coffee and methylxanthines and breast cancer: a case-control study.

A dietary case-control study based on 818 newly diagnosed breast cancer (BC) patients was conducted in Israel between 1975 and 1978. The role of coffee and total methylxanthine intake from coffee, tea, cola, chocolate, and cocoa drinks was evaluated in the BC patients as compared to that in two matched control populations [surgical controls (SC) and neighborhood controls (NC)]. Because it has been suggested that caffeine enhances mammary carcinogenesis in rats fed high polyunsaturated fat diets, analysis was done also in relation to fat consumption. When comparison was done to both matched control groups, a nonsignificant negative association was found between consumption of cups of coffee and BC (odds ratios of greater than or equal to 4 cups of coffee/day vs. less than or equal to 1 per week = 0.6 for BC/NC and 0.7 for BC/SC). This association was observed in all 3 ethnic subgroups studied. The pattern was stronger among the high-fat consumers after controlling for several hormonal confounding factors (two-tailed P-value for linear trend = 0.06 for SC and P = 0.05 for NC). In addition, when the consumption of methylxanthine of BC patients was compared to that of benign breast patients, adjusted by age and ethnic group, a diminished risk was found (odds ratio for BC of the highest level of methylxanthine vs. lowest level = 0.59).

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Gastrointestinal tumors in acromegalic patients.

More than 30 years ago the association between growth hormone and certain tumors was established in animal studies. However, the few clinical studies on acromegalic patients usually failed to demonstrate such a link. It was only recently that acromegaly was found to be associated with other endocrine tumors and with a high incidence of colonic polyps. In a retrospective study we looked for gastrointestinal cancer in 48 acromegalic patients. Five were identified, two cancers of the stomach, two of the colon, and one of the rectum. One patient with stomach cancer and one with sigmoid carcinoma also had recurrent colonic polyps. It is postulated that in our patients, by some yet to be identified mechanisms, the incidence of gastrointestinal cancer is significantly increased in acromegaly.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1984

Multiple primary breast and thyroid cancer.

The occurrence of breast and thyroid multiple primary cancers was evaluated using data from the Connecticut Tumor Registry. The study population consisted of 1618 women with primary thyroid cancer and 39,194 women with primary breast cancer diagnosed between 1935 and 1978. Thirty-four thyroid cancer patients subsequently developed breast cancer and 24 breast cancer patients later had thyroid cancer. A significantly elevated risk of thyroid cancer following breast cancer (SIR = 1.68) and breast cancer following thyroid cancer (SIR = 1.89) was demonstrated. The finding was even more notable when compared with the risks obtained for other sites. The elevated risk was particularly evident in women under 40 years of age at time of diagnosis of the first cancer. Analysis by histologic type revealed that the highest risk of second primary breast cancer was found among patients with follicular or mixed papillary-follicular thyroid cancer. Women under age 40 with follicular carcinoma had a 10-fold risk of developing breast cancer (4 observed, 0.4 expected). An enhanced risk of second primary tumours was evident for the entire period after treatment of the first primary, although it was highest within one year after diagnosis of the first primary. This may be due to the close medical surveillance of cancer patients which would increase early diagnosis of second tumours. Our findings suggest that breast and thyroid cancer may share common aetiologic features.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Screening for early detection of radiation-associated thyroid cancer: a pilot study.

In the 1950s, approximately 20,000 Israeli children received scalp irradiation as treatment for tinea capitis (ringworm of the scalp). To evaluate the necessity and feasibility of early screening of these individuals for thyroid cancer, a small pilot program was undertaken. The examination consisted of a thorough palpation of the thyroid gland and the surrounding area. A 99mTc thyroid scan and thyroid function tests were performed on individuals in whom palpation suggested a nodular abnormality. A multidisciplinary committee then made a recommendation for or against surgery. A total of 443 persons were screened, and nodular abnormalities of the thyroid were detected in 24 (5.4%). Of these persons, nine displayed symptomatology or reported knowledge of a thyroid condition; despite this, three of them were not receiving treatment. This left 18 subjects--15 new cases and 3 previously untreated patients--needing follow-up care. Altogether nine persons were recommended for surgery, but one refused. All eight of the excised lesions were benign: four colloid nodules and four adenomas. While the screening program was feasible, the fact that no cancers were detected suggested that in a population exposed to a very low dose of radiation, thyroid screening may not be justified on a large scale.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Mental function following scalp irradiation during childhood.

Between 1950 and 1960 about 20,000 israeli children were treated for tinea capitis by x-ray therapy as part of a large public health campaign to eradicate the disease. Dosimetric studies determined that these children were subjected to a mean brain dose of 130 rads. Almost 20 years later, possible radiation effects on the central nervous system were evaluated by comparing several measures of mental and brain function in approximately 11,000 of the irradiated children and in two nonirradiated, tinea-free comparison groups: (a) ethnic, sex- and age-matched individuals from the general population, and (b) siblings. While not all comparisons were statistically significant, there was a consistent trend for the irradiated subjects to exhibit signs of central nervous system inpairment more often than either comparison group. The irradiated children had lower examination scores on scholastic aptitude, intelligence quotient (IQ) and psychologic tests, completed fewer school grades, and had an increased risk for mental hospital admissions for certain disease categories. A slightly higher frequency of mental retardation was also suggested. These-long-lasting scholastic and mental health effects lead the authors to conclude that radiation to the immature brain may cause damage to the central nervous system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Long-lasting cerebral functional changes following moderate dose x-radiation treatment to the scalp in childhood: an electroencephalographic power spectral study.

EEG tracings were compared in 44 young adults who received scalp x-radiation treatment for tinea capitis during childhood and 59 non-irradiated control subjects. The irradiated subjects were exposed, over 20 years previously, to a mean dose of 130 rads to the brain. Visual analysis of the EEG revealed an insignificant excess of abnormalities among the irradiated subjects compared to the controls. Power spectral density function analysis showed increased power values among the irradiated subjects, particularly in the beta wave frequencies. This finding provides further evidence for suspecting that x-irradiation during brain maturation may cause long-lasting damage to the brain tissue.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Long-term cerebral effects of small doses of x-irradiation in childhood as manifested in adult visual evoked responses.

In Israel between the years 1949 and 1960, approximately 20,000 children ranging from 1 to 15 years of age were irradiated for eradication of tinea capitis. Radiation to the cerebral hemipheres ranged up to 140 rads. Of those treated, now adults, 44 subjects were elected by stratified sampling for recording and analysis of visual evoked responses (VERs). A control group of 57 subjects similar in age and ethnic origin was chosen. Two occipital leads, a right and a left, were recorded by the international 10-20 system. Fifty responses to diffuse white-flash stimulation were averaged in each case. The first 256 msec (data points) of each VER were reduced to 77 variables by repeated averaging over three adjacent data points; these variables were then analyzed by several statistical methods. The analyses detected significant differences between the VER averages in study subjects compared with controls. These differences may reflect delayed, probably permanent functional damage to the central nervous system caused by small doses of x-radiation (XR) to immature normal human brain. The left hemispheres appeared to be more involved, consistent with the fact that these children received, on the average, more XR to the left side of the brain, as shown in simulated phantom models. This disparity is reflected in a greater degree of difference between the left VERs of the irradiated versus control group. The major differences between the VERs occurred in the first part of the secondary response and suggest possible subcortical involvement. The results strengthen previous evidence of potential hazards of XR in children.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Benign and malignant thyroid neoplasms after childhood irradiation for tinea capitis.

The incidence of all thyroid surgery was studied among 10,842 persons whose thyroid glands had been exposed in childhood to an average dose of 9 rads of X-radiation during treatment for tinea capitis and among 2 matched control groups. A statistically significant increased risk for both benign and malignant neoplasms was found in the exposed group. The excess risk was 8.3 cases/year/rad/million population. There were no differences in other surgical conditions between the irradiated and nonirradiated groups. Persons irradiated under age 6 years had the highest excess risk for developing carcinomas. The incidence of thyroid neoplasms was approximately threefold higher in women than in men among the irradiated persons and among the controls, but the relative risk for the irradiated group of women was greater than the addition of the relative risks of the other groups. Low-dose radiation is instrumental in the development of both benign and malignant thyroid neoplasms.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1977

Control of cell division in Escherichia coli: effect of amino acid starvation.

The effect of amino acid starvation on cell division was studied in cells of Escherichia coli B. In this bacterial strain, deprivation of a required amino acid resulted in synchronous cell division upon restoration of the amino acid. This synchronization was apparently due to a shift forward in the cell cycle during the starvation. As a consequence, the cells divided at a size that was smaller than normal.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1977

Thyroid cancer following scalp irradiation.

A sixfole increase in the risk of thyroid cancer was observed among 10,902 persons irradiated for scalp tinea in childhood as compared to two matched control groups. The dosimetry studies demonstrated that the original mean dose given to the thyroid was less than 9 rads, yielding a risk of 6.3/10(6)/year. This carcinogenic effect of low-level radiation must be considered in the planning of safety measures against potential public health hazards.

Adolescent↗