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E Rossouw

Publications and source records attributed to E Rossouw.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Molecular epidemiology of a coxsackievirus B3 outbreak.

An outbreak of coxsackievirus B3 infection occurred in South Africa in 1984 with a variety of clinical manifestations being observed. Fifty-one isolates from patients ranging in age from young babies to middle-aged adults were obtained. To define further the epidemiology of this outbreak all isolates were characterised by either 1- or 2-dimensional oligonucleotide mapping. One-dimensional mapping was found to be highly successful for initial screening of the isolates before further characterisation by 2-dimensional fingerprinting. All isolates were found to be essentially the same strain of coxsackievirus B3 although slight variations in both the 1- and 2-dimensional patterns could be observed. Some coxsackievirus B3 strains from geographically unrelated regions but isolated during the same time period as the outbreak showed clearly distinguishable oligonucleotide maps.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Molecular epidemiology of an outbreak of poliomyelitis in South Africa in 1987/1988.

An outbreak of paralytic poliomyelitis occurred in the Republic of South Africa in 1987/88. The epidemic took place in the Natal/KwaZulu region of South Africa and was due to type 1 poliovirus. Twenty-four isolates were characterised by 1- and 2-dimensional oligonucleotide mapping and a single strain of wild-type poliovirus was identified. The same strain of virus was also isolated in other areas of South Africa at the time of the outbreak and has persisted into 1989.

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMed1990

The shear bond strengths of stainless steel and ceramic brackets used with chemically and light-activated composite resins.

Since the introduction of ceramic brackets to orthodontic therapy, a need has arisen to test the manufacturer's claims regarding these brackets. Forty-eight noncarious human canine teeth were divided equally into groups A to D. Brackets were bonded to these teeth with the use of the acid-etch technique and a composite resin according to the manufacturer's instructions. The combination within each group was as follows: A = stainless steel brackets and chemically cured resin; B = ceramic brackets and chemically cured resin; C = ceramic brackets and light-cured resin; D = stainless steel brackets and light-cured resin (via transillumination). After curing, the teeth were stored for 1 week in distilled water at 37 degrees C. The Instron machine was used to test the shear bond strengths of the brackets to the teeth. The brackets were individually tested to failure of the bond, which was recorded along with the site of fracture. The conclusions are as follows: (1) all combinations produced shear bond strengths that were greater than those that are considered clinically acceptable, (2) the ceramic groups exhibited a significantly higher bond strength than that of the stainless steel group, and (3) enamel fractures occurred among the B group in 40% of the samples tested in that group. It is thus apparent that a fracture of enamel is a real possibility during therapy or at debonding of the ceramic brackets, especially if the tooth is nonvital.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1989

Outbreak of poliomyelitis in South Africa investigated by oligonucleotide mapping.

An outbreak of paralytic poliomyelitis, due to polio type 1 virus, occurred in the Gazankulu region of the Transvaal in the Republic of South Africa in 1982. Thirty-four different isolates from this epidemic were characterized by oligonucleotide mapping. None of the isolates were shown to be vaccine related. Results suggest the existence of a number of apparently different wild-type viruses present in the area. The introduction of a single wild-type strain could not be clearly demonstrated. These findings have important implications for the management and control of future outbreaks.

Disease Outbreaks↗
PubMed1984

Diagnosis of viral hepatitis. Experience in a South African laboratory.

Analysis of results in 14 250 specimens assayed for the diagnosis of viral hepatitis at one laboratory shows that hepatitis A and B are endemic in South Africa and that an important part of the diagnostic workload of virology laboratories now consists of determining their markers. The results fall into previously described patterns, but some anomalies were detected which indicated that unintentional parenteral transfer may occur even when testing for hepatitis B markers has been done. Furthermore, simultaneous hepatitis A and B infections or superinfection of carriers were found to be not as uncommon as one would expect. A progression flow-chart was drawn up to show how the markers change in retested patients, and this may serve as a guide for clinicians dealing with viral hepatitis in South Africa.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
PubMed1983

Hepatitis B virus status of black women with hepatocellular carcinoma.

The reason why hepatocellular carcinoma occurs less frequently in women than in men is unknown. The possibility that differences in the hepatitis B virus status between men and women with this tumor might be important in this regard was investigated in 75 black women and 75 age- and ethnically-matched men with hepatocellular carcinoma. Prevalences of hepatitis B surface antigen, core antibody alone, and total hepatitis B virus markers were not significantly different in the two sexes. It is concluded that women with hepatocellular carcinoma are just as likely as men to be, or to have been, infected with hepatitis B virus. Because the hepatitis B virus and contraceptive steroids might conceivably act as cocarcinogens, the age distribution of women with hepatocellular carcinoma was determined. Thirty-nine percent were of child-bearing age. Of these, 44% were positive for surface antigen and 17% for core antibody alone. Ninety percent of these women had one or more hepatitis B virus markers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Quantification of IgG subclasses in sera of normal adults and healthy children between 4 and 12 years of age.

The concentration of the four subclasses of IgG was determined in sera of normal adults and healthy children between 4 and 12 years of age, using the radial immunodiffusion technique. A relation between the concentration of IgG subclasses and Gm type was studied in adults. No influence of Gm type on IgG1 concentration could be shown, except that the group of Gm(fb) individuals had a higher level than the others. The mean concentration of IgG2 was higher in sera positive for Gm(n) than in those lacking this genetic marker. High IgG3 concentrations corresponded to the presence of Gm(b). No clearcut evidence was obtained for a relation between IgG4 concentration and Gm factors, although in general Gm(n) positive individuals had higher and Gm (zag) positive individuals lower concentrations of this subclass in their serum. Quantification of IgG subclasses in sera from healthy children of different ages revealed that the amount of IgG2 rises slowly with age, having not yet reached the adult level at the age of 12 years. This also holds for IgG4, although in a lesser degree. No significant differences from the adult level were found for the concentrations of IgG1 and IgG3.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hepatitis B virus status of southern African Blacks with hepatocellular carcinoma: comparison between rural and urban patients.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is less common and occurs at a much older age in urban than in rural southern African Blacks. These differences may reflect differences in the etiology of the tumor in the two populations. The purpose of this study was to compare the hepatitis B virus (HBV) status of 150 HCC patients who were born and had lived all their lives in a rural environment with 158 patients who were born and brought up in a rural setting but then became urbanized. HBsAg and all markers of present or past HBV infection [HBsAg(+) or anti-HBc(+) or anti-HBs] were significantly less common in the urban patients when the two groups were considered as a whole (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.05, respectively). However, because the rural patients were considerably younger (mean age 34.7 years; 66% less than 40 years of age) than in urban patients [mean age 50.9 years (p less than 0.0005), 19.0% less than 40 years of age (p less than 0.001)], an age-related analysis was performed. No significant difference in any HBV marker was found between rural and urban patients. The association between active HBV infection and HCC was similar in young patients, both rural and urban, and the prevalence of HBs antigenemia decreased in both groups with increasing age. We conclude that the differences in incidence and age of onset of HCC in rural and urban southern African Blacks cannot be attributable to differences in HBV status.

Adult↗