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Biomedical subjects

E Royer

Publications and source records attributed to E Royer.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

[A French questionnaire to assess quality of life of the aphasic patient: the SIP-65].

OBJECTIVES: To develop and demonstrate validity and reliability of a aphasic-adapted version of the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP-136), a generic widespread questionnaire used to measure quality of life (QoL). DESIGN: Survey, outpatient oral interviews. POPULATION: Aphasic people from 20 to 80 years old, with a time from stroke or trauma of more than 12 months, living at home for more than six months, able to understand the questions with a Z-score profile at Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination above average for oral comprehension. METHOD: 1. Developments of the short version of the SIP-136, from a first sample of aphasic people; 35 patients were included with a mean time from stroke or trauma of 17 months. This first step consisted in excluding the least relevant items and/or subscales, rewriting some items to make them easier to understand, studying redundancy by multiple components analysis (MCA) and deleting some redundant items. 2. Validity compared with initial SIP-136 and reliability (inter-rater and test-retest) from a second sample of 55 aphasic people (mean time from stroke or trauma = 23 months). RESULTS: - 1. The first step of development led to a short version with eight subscales and 65 items (SIP-65) exploring physical, psychological and social components of QoL; it took about 16 min to fill it, less than half of the time necessary for the SIP-136. 2. Linear correlation of the responses between SIP-65 and SIP-136 was good: r = 0.97; p < 10(-6). SIP-65 demonstrated a good test-retest (r = 0.97; p < 10(-6)) and inter-rater (r = 0.92; p < 10(-6)) reliability. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: SIP-65, a short version of SIP-136, is feasible and clinically sound and must be recommended to assess health-related functional status of French aphasic people.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Deglutition disorders in the elderly. Evaluation methods].

FROM DISCOVERY TO CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS: Dysphagia is easy to diagnose in its acute stage and when complicating a known neurological disease. However diagnosis may be greatly delayed when expressed by respiratory or nutritional symptoms, or when the patient presents cognitive disorders, as is frequent in the elderly. In such instances, simple tests such as the water test are clearly indicated. However, although they are reliable for diagnosing dysphagia, they are not precise in diagnosis of inhalation. Clinical examination is essential for diagnosing the etiology of the disorder. In the absence of clinical orientation, a nasofibroscopy is mandatory and digestive endoscopy debatable. SPECIALIZED EXAMINATIONS: The first-line supplementary examination is a videoradiography. It consists in the patient swallowing a liquid or solid barium sulfate bolus. This detects any anatomical or functional abnormalities. It is the examination of choice for the diagnosis of inhalation and its mechanism. Videoendoscopy is complementary to videoradiography. It can be conducted in first intention in patients who cannot be transported to the radiology unit. It provides precise information on glottal closing and pharyngeal contraction. IMPACT ON MANAGEMENT: In a restricted number of patients, the precise knowledge of the mechanism of dysphagia can help to orientate specific treatment. In others, such examinations will orient re-education, postural adaptation and the modification of food texture. In many patients, precise diagnosis of the mechanism at the origin of dysphagia has no impact on the management of dysphagia.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1996

[Value of plethysmography in the respiratory function evaluation of coal miners in Lorraine].

The results of body plethysmography in 607 coalminers from Lorraine, France, are analysed. The relationship between radiological aspects and tobacco consumption are discussed. When progressive massive fibrosis (PMF) is absent, total lung capacity (TLC) and slow vital capacity (VC) are related with profusion, but remain independant of X-ray type and tobacco consumption. Tobacco alters flows and FEV1/VC results. A 20% incidence of residual volume (RV) inflation is observed unrelated to X-ray aspect. When PMF is present, TLC results are more contrasted (8.9% restrictive defects, 5.7% hyperinflation) and obstructive pattern follows X-ray progression. Tobacco consumption induces more RV and functional residual capacity inflation. These results strongly support the fact that the effects of dust exposure vary with smoking. Consequently, the interactions between pneumoconiotic fibrosis and distension appear to be reflected by plethysmography. This method is useful for determining each functional pattern. It may also be of pronostic value but this needs to be confirmed by further studies.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

A comparison of ondansetron with metoclopramide in the prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a randomized, double-blind study. International Emesis Study Group.

The efficacy of ondansetron was compared with metoclopramide in the prophylaxis of nausea and vomiting induced by cyclophosphamide greater than or equal to 500 mg/m2 in combination with doxorubicin greater than or equal to 40 mg/m2 or epirubicin greater than or equal to 40 mg/m2. complete anti-emetic protection in the 24 h following chemotherapy was achieved in 26 of 40 (65%) patients treated with ondansetron compared with 17 of 42 (41%) patients treated with metoclopramide. Severe nausea was present in 3% of patients in the ondansetron group and 31% in the metoclopramide group. A worst day analysis of control of emesis and nausea on days 2 and 3 following chemotherapy also demonstrated ondansetron to be more effective than metoclopramide. Both treatments were well tolerated. Ondansetron is more effective as an anti-emetic than metoclopramide in this type of cytostatic therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP production in normal and psoriatic epidermis.

cAMP and cGMP production was determined in normal and psoriatic (involved or uninvolved) epidermis. After homogenization, epidermal strips were incubated with saturating concentrations of ATP or GTP, respectively, for cAMP and cGMP production. Cyclic nucleotides were measured by radioimmunoassay before and after 5, 10, 20 min of incubation. The kinetics of cAMP and cGMP production were linear during the 20 min of incubation. Comparison of normal skin, uninvolved and involved psoriatic skin, prior to and after 20 min of incubation showed the following results: cAMP levels were significantly higher in normal skin than in psoriatic skin at zero time (p less than 0.01) and after incubation (p less than 0.05). cGMP levels were not significantly different in the three tissues at zero time. After incubation, psoriatic involved epidermis exhibited a higher production of cGMP than normal skin (p less than 0.05). Thus, the ratio cAMP/cGMP was higher in normal skin than in psoriatic skin at the basic level (p less than 0.05) and after incubation (p less than 0.01). These results indicate an imbalance in cyclic nucleotides metabolism in psoriatic skin without a significant difference between uninvolved and involved epidermis.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1981

[Prognosis of chronic post-traumatic thoracic aorta aneurysms in 15 patients (author's transl)].

False chronic post-traumatic aneurysms of the ascending aorta were detected in 15 patients. These aneurysms were false because only a few cells were present in their walls: it is only after survival for more than 3 weeks tht one can speak of chronic aneurysms, and only 5% of the injured patients survived for this period of time. The lesions show marked progression for one year, but rupture of apparently quiescent aneurysms may occur up to 20 years after the initial injury. The prognosis of these lesions is therefore comparable with that of other aortic aneurysms. Cardiovascular surgery has progressed to such an extent, and the risks are so low (0% in this series), that surgical correction should be systematically considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Loperamide in patients with radiotherapy-induced diarrhoea.

63 patients (23--78 years) with irradiation-induced diarrhoea, the majority of them resistant to treatment with diphenoxylate, were started on 4-(p-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-N,N'-dimethyl-alpha,alpha-diphenyl-1-piperidine butyramide (loperidine, Imodium) 4 mg daily. Doses were further adapted individually and the trial lasted for 3--72 days. Daily frequency and consistency of stools improved significantly, and abdominal cramps were clearly reduced. Stools became normal in 41 patients after a median time of 16.5 days (median daily dose: 4 mg), they improved in six other patients, but remained unchanged in eight and deteriorated in one patient. The remaining seven cases were not evaluated. No side-effects could be attributed to the drug.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗