PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

E Russell

Publications and source records attributed to E Russell.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Effects of a normal, human-concentration, phytoestrogen diet on rat uterine growth.

The estrogenic action of the prototype natural phytoestrogen coumestrol was examined in rats in in vitro and in vivo tests. To establish the binding specificity of coumestrol and its relation to biological activities, saturation analyses and uterine weight assays were performed. These assays indicated that coumestrol competitively inhibited binding to the estrogen receptor and induced increases in uterine weight in keeping with its estrogen receptor affinity constant. Most importantly, coumestrol was uterotrophic when incorporated in a semipurified diet at natural dietary concentrations. Significant increases occurred in both uterine wet weight and dry weight, indicating that coumestrol produces true uterine growth. Effects appeared to be cumulative, raising questions of time-related interactions with other estrogen-sensitive mechanisms and clearance of isoflavonoids. Coumestrol induced uterine growth over a 90-hour period at dietary concentrations of 0.01 to 0.1%. Lower doses not active over this period were active when provided over a longer period of time: a 0.005% concentration was not active over a 90-hour period, but was active when provided over a 180-hour period. Coumestrol-induced uterine growth was accompanied by the induction of cytosolic progestin receptors and increases in nuclear estrogen binding. Scatchard analyses verified that these changes were due to changes in receptor number. These studies show that the naturally occurring phytoestrogens have dramatic estrogenic effects at natural dietary levels. These actions may be expressed via traditional receptor-mediated actions and therefore may have the same implications for development, health, and disease as do the steroidal estrogens produced by the body. Because rats have no sex hormone-binding globulin, further studies must be conducted in humans. However, these findings suggest that the natural dietary phytoestrogen coumestrol is a potent estrogen that must be considered in calculating the total estrogenic load to which humans are exposed during normal life.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

The efficacy of image-guided stereotactic brain biopsy in neurologically symptomatic acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients.

A prospective series of 50 neurologically symptomatic human immunodeficiency infected patients with intracranial lesions who underwent image-guided stereotactic brain biopsy is presented. Patients were diagnosed with primary central nervous system lymphoma (14 patients), progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (14 patients), toxoplasmosis (13 patients), human immunodeficiency virus encephalitis (3 patients), infarction (2 patients), and 1 patient each with metastatic adenocarcinoma, metastatic melanoma, cryptococcoma, and atypical mycobacterial infection. Two of the patients with toxoplasmosis had a second intracranial abnormality. Two biopsies resulted in either descriptive diagnosis only or were nondiagnostic; the definitive diagnostic efficacy of image-guided stereotactic biopsy was thus 96%. No deaths were incurred as a result of biopsy. Four intraoperative or postoperative hemorrhages occurred; in only 1 patient was there a residual neurological deficit related to the surgery. Image-guided stereotactic biopsy may thus be considered both safe and effective in this patient population.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

High frequency of somatically acquired p53 mutations in small-cell lung cancer cell lines and tumors.

We analysed the p53 open reading frame (ORF) in 16 small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines by direct sequencing of cDNA/PCR products and in 20 SCLC tumors by chemical cleavage and single-strand conformation polymorphism analyses of genomic DNA/PCR products. Abnormalities of p53 were found in 16/16 cell lines (100%) and in 16/20 tumors (80%). In the SCLC cell lines, mutations (59% missense, 18% nonsense and 23% splicing) changing the coding sequence were dispersed between amino acids 68 and 342. In the tumor samples, while the mutations occurred predominantly in exons 5-8, other mutations were located outside these regions. G to T transversions were common, occurring in 32% of the cases. We found no p53 mutations in the corresponding normal tissue from 19 patients whose tumors had p53 lesions, indicating that the mutations were all somatically acquired. In analysing the clinical data of the patients we found no correlation between tumor response to therapy or survival and the location or type of mutations. We conclude from these data that: (1) p53 mutations are found in SCLC with high frequency; (2) p53 mutations in a significant fraction of cases generate cDNAs with nonsense or splicing mutations; and (3) to date, these mutations have all been somatically acquired events.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Coronal computerized tomography and cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea.

Accurate diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea (CSFR) is a challenge for physicians caring for patients with traumatic brain injury. Failure to recognize this condition may result in significant medical complications and prolong hospitalization. Two male patients who developed CSFR within 2 months of severe head injury are described. A clear nasal discharge was noted on examination approximately 30 and 35 days after head injury in both patients and a CSF fistula was suspected. High-resolution computerized tomography (CT) with coronal sections confirmed the diagnosis. Both patients underwent neurosurgical intervention to repair the fistulous tracts without recurrence. Sequelae of CSFR in one case included meningitis and pneumocephalus. Literature review shows water-soluble contrast CT cisternography (CTC) to be the gold standard for the diagnosis of CSFR. However, other diagnostic studies may include immunoelectrophoresis of rhinorrhea, use of isotope tracers, plain x-rays, tomography, and noncontrast high-resolution CT. More invasive studies like CTC are often recommended in the diagnosis of this condition, but are more costly, painful, and carry a small risk of infection. Our two case reports emphasize that high-resolution CT may be performed as a primary noninvasive diagnostic procedure before more invasive studies, and the results obtained may be sufficient for therapeutic planning.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

myc family DNA amplification in 107 tumors and tumor cell lines from patients with small cell lung cancer treated with different combination chemotherapy regimens.

We studied 107 specimens (38 tumors and 69 tumor cell lines) from 90 patients with small cell lung cancer to determine the characteristics and clinical situations of patients from whom tumor cell lines could be established and the myc family DNA copy number. The proportion of extensive stage small cell lung cancer patients from whom a tumor cell line could be established prior to the initiation of therapy increased during the 10 years of the study (P less than 0.001). Amplification of one of the myc family genes occurred in 3 of 40 (8%) of the untreated patient specimens compared to 19 of 67 (28%) of the treated patient specimens (P = 0.01). The myc family DNA amplification occurred in 17 of 54 (31%) of the specimens from patients treated with cyclophosphamide-based combinations and 2 of 13 (15%) of the specimens from patients treated with etoposide/cisplatin (P = 0.25). Both tumors and tumor cell lines were obtained from 17 patients with small cell lung cancer and the myc family DNA copy number was similar in 16 of the 17 patients. We conclude that: (a) myc family DNA amplification occurs more commonly in specimens from treated than untreated patients (b) there are no prominent differences in the frequency of amplification following treatment with different chemotherapy regimens; and (c) myc family DNA amplification is similar in tumors and tumor cell lines from the same patients.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1991

Percutaneous drainage and serial magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of symptomatic posttraumatic syringomyelia: case report and review of the literature.

A patient with high cervical tetraplegia with new-onset headaches and posttraumatic syringomyelia is presented. Percutaneous drainage of the syrinx resulted in a resolution of the headaches and collapse of the syrinx on follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The return of the symptoms correlated with the re-expansion of the syrinx on MRI. The patient underwent syringopleural shunting with persistent resolution of the symptoms and collapse of the syrinx on MRI. The value of percutaneous drainage and serial MRI to determine the clinical significance of posttraumatic syringomyelia is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Ruptured petrous carotid aneurysm presenting with otorrhagia and epistaxis.

Aneurysm formation and rupture within the petrous internal carotid artery (ICA) is an extremely rare occurrence with approximately 10 such cases in the literature. Etiologies of petrous ICA aneurysms include atherosclerosis, closed head trauma, iatrogenic injury during mastoid surgery, chronic middle ear infections, and congenital causes. Therapeutic options include carotid artery ligation, aneurysm resection with or without reconstruction, and radiographically controlled vessel occlusion. The case of a patient who presented with otorrhagia, epistaxis, and transient focal neurologic signs due to a ruptured petrous ICA aneurysm is presented. The incidence, etiology, and anatomy of these aneurysms is reviewed, and the various tests for determining adequacy of collateral cerebral blood flow are described. Factors that affect the selection of surgical versus radiologic control of these lesions are also discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Current trends on diagnostic work up of pulmonary thromboembolism.

This report describes a six month prospective double blind study of 30 consecutive patients who were evaluated at Jackson Memorial Medical Center for pulmonary emboli. In this series, 77 per cent of the patients with lung scans interpreted as high probability for pulmonary emboli had angiographic confirmation of emboli. In 90 per cent of the patients with lung scans interpreted as low probability for pulmonary emboli, angiography confirmed the absence of pulmonary emboli. Five patients had radionuclide scans that were interpreted as nondiagnostic. Although pulmonary arteriography remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of pulmonary emboli we feel it should not be used in the low probability category because of the accuracy of the ventilation perfusion scans. It should be used in the indeterminant group and in the high probability category when anticoagulation therapy is contraindicated; prior to embolectomy or Mobin-Uddin umbrella insertion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Portosystemic communications studied by transhepatic portography;.

The experience of collecting 120 transhepatic portograms, performed in patients with different degrees of portal hypertension, affords the opportunity for discussing the anatomical and hemodynamic features of portosystemic communications. Multiple pathways of decompression were found. The coronary-gastroesophageal collateral formed pathways in 108 cases, other major collaterals in 41, and minor collaterals in 2. This multiplicity of communications suggests that no one vessel is indispensable as a collateral pathway.

Collateral Circulation↗
PubMed1978

Some normal variations of knee arthrograms and their anatomical significance.

Knees obtained after amputation were fixed with formalin after the joint space was distended with air. The joints were then either dissected or frozen and sectioned vertically with a band saw in planes comparable to those visualized during arthrography. By comparing these anatomical specimens and arthrograms, the anatomical explanations for some normal variations visible or arthrograms could be identified. These variations included the appearance of the popliteus tendon and the posterior part of the lateral meniscus, the air-filled cul-de-sac posterior to the medial meniscus, and the interconnections of the joint space and the gastrocnemius and semimembranosus bursae.

Bursa, Synovial↗
PubMed1978

Unusual complications of renal cyst puncture.

The authors present a case of subcapsular hematoma with compromise of renal function and a case of arteriovenous communication as two infrequent complications of renal cyst puncture.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

New techniques for interruption of gastroesophageal venous blood flow.

Enlarged gastroesophageal veins were successfully obliterated in 41 patients using embolization with modified autogenous clots and/or Gelfoam, balloon occlusion, iatrogenic perivenous hematoma, sclerosing agents (Sotradecol and Keflin), or a combination of these methods. Thirteen patients were actively bleeding when studied, and the site of bleeding was detected in 4. Surgical exploration of 16 patients and autopsy study of 5 showed persistent obliteration ranging between three weeks and seven months. No major complications requiring reparative surgery were encountered. Gelfoam soaked with Sotradecol is the preferred agent because it provides persistent obliteration of the embolized veins. Patients who are acutely bleeding or have done so previously are candidates for selective obliteration of the gastroesophageal veins.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1977

Pitfalls in transhepatic portography.

Difficulties commonly encountered in transhepatic catheterization of the portal vein and interpretation of portograms are discussed. A long-sleeved trocar is recommended. Curved guide wires and deflector assemblies may assist in superselective catheterization of the tributaries of the portal vein. The judicious use of embolic material (small volumes, slowly injected) should guarantee the success and safety of this technique. Transhepatic obliteration of the gastroesophageal veins is a relatively simple and usually successful form of palliative treatment for actively bleeding and stable gastroesophageal varices. Thoroughness of the embolization procedure and of interruption of blood flow in the gastroesophageal veins is necessary to prevent early recurrence of bleeding.

Catheterization↗