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Biomedical subjects

E Ruttmann

Publications and source records attributed to E Ruttmann.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Recent trends and sociodemographic distribution of cardiovascular risk factors: results from two population surveys in the Austrian WHO CINDI demonstration area.

OBJECTIVE: The major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases are well established; however, only a few studies report on recent trends in risk factor profiles. This study analyses the sociodemographic distribution of risk factors and gives an account of their changes from 1991 to 1999. METHODS: Two cross-sectional population surveys as part of the CINDI (Countrywide Integrated Noncommunicable Diseases Intervention) program of the World Health Organization were performed in 1991 and 1999 in the province of Vorarlberg (Austria). The surveys included a standardized interview and a medical examination. 1863 persons aged 25 to 64 years in 1991 and 1550 persons in 1999 participated in the interview section of the surveys. From these, 1446 in 1991 and 841 persons in 1999 underwent medical examination. Prevalence of overweight and obesity, mild and severe hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, regular smoking and lack of physical activity were estimated. Framingham risk functions were calculated to compare overall risk for coronary heart disease. RESULTS: In women, prevalence of overweight including obesity increased from 34% in 1991 to 41% in 1999. Almost 50% of the male population were estimated to be overweight or obese in 1991 and 1999. Hypertension showed a favorable trend and decreased substantially in both genders. Hypercholesterolemia decreased only in men, from 27% to 21%. In 1999, women aged 55-64 showed a prevalence of over 50% in highly elevated cholesterol. Hypertriglyceridemia decreased in men from 21% to 18%, in women it remained almost unchanged. Total prevalence of smoking did not change from 1991 to 1999. 34% of the men and 24% of the women reported to smoke more than one cigarette daily. In women under 45 years of age, regular smoking increased slightly and reached a prevalence of over 30%. Less educated people and people of non-national origin had significantly higher risk factor levels. The risk functions did not reveal a significant difference in 10 year risk for coronary heart disease between the two surveys. CONCLUSIONS: Decreasing levels in hypertension and in male hypercholesterolemia showed favorable developments in risk factor prevalence. Preventive measures should concentrate on reducing overweight in older people and smoking in young women as well as on intensifying the care for less educated people and people of non-national origin.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Pregnancy onset without corpus luteum function?].

Within five years, a patient had five abortions and one biochemical pregnancy with two different partners. After the fourth pregnancy, she underwent a heterologous immune stimulation. The karyotypes of all three partners were normal. On her first visit, a subclinical hypothyroidism was detected and substitution with 50 micrograms L-thyroxine was started. Before further endocrinological, virological, or anatomical investigation, the patient conceived spontaneously for the seventh time. Even though the beta-HCG-levels rose adequately and the sonographic development was according to time, serum-progesterone could not be detected before the eighth week of pregnancy and sufficient levels were found from the 15th week onwards. The patient received a hormonal substitution therapy with Gravibinon 250 mg i.m. twice a week up to the 15th week of gestation. She finally delivered a 3800 g healthy boy.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed1981

ACTH secreting pituitary adenoma in an infant of 18 months. Immunohistochemical, electron-microscopic, and in-vitro studies.

An 18-month old infant with Cushing's disease due to an ACTH producing pituitary tumor is presented. The case showed typical clinical and morphological sings of hypercortisolism. The infant died of pulmonary thromboembolism after transsphenoidal partial adenomectomy. The adrenals were diffusely hyperplastic. The pituitary adenoma was classified as an undifferentiated mucoid cell adenoma with sparse granulation by light microscopy. Immunoenzymatic studies demonstrated ACTH not only in granulated adenoma cells. Ultrastructurally the cells were only differentiated as typical ACTH cells or so-called follicular cells in small areas. Most of them were undifferentiated, showing pleomorphism of the relatively sparse organelles. In-vitro experiments using suspensions of adenoma cells showed a distinct enhancement of ACTH secretion after arginine-vasopressin and a further decrease ultrastructurally in the number of secretory granules. No effect of ACTH levels and no alterations of the ultrastructure were observed after cortisol. The case is representative of typical hypothalamic-hypophyseal Cushing's disease with an undifferentiated pituitary adenoma secreting ACTH in part autonomously. This constellation of Cushing's syndrome is extremely rare at the age of one year. Our case is the second one reported in the literature.

Adenoma, Basophil↗
PubMed1978

Qualitative and semiquantitative calcium cytochemistry in B cells of mice treated with cyproheptadine and mannoheptulose.

The effect of cyproheptadine (CPH) and D-mannoheptulose (MH) on the function and the histo- (GBHA-method) and ultracytochemical (pyroantimonate method) calcium handling by pancreatic B cell were studied in mice. Intraperitoneal injection of CPH (45 mg/kg) or MH (1500 mg/kg) produced a hyperglycaemic syndrome, which was accompanied by decreased plasma insulin levels. CPH and MH also abolished glucose-induced insulin release. CPH led to a decrease of about 30 to 40% in the histochemical calcium content of islets as revealed by semi-quantitative microdensitometry, while MH did not change the calcium content of the islets. The ultracytochemical distribution pattern of calcium-rich precipitates were identical in CPH and MH treated B cells. The subcellular calcium deposits were predominantly located in the cytoplasmic matrix, but were rarely seen in granule halos and along the cell membranes. In contrast, glucose stimulation of the B cells resulted in an accumulation of the precipitates along the cell membranes and in the secretory granules. The results suggest that CPH and MH inhibit insulin release by either directly or indirectly interfering with the normal calcium handling by the B cell.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Determinants of health-related quality of life in coronary artery disease patients: a prospective study generating a structural equation model.

The authors used structural equation modeling to test a conceptual model of HRQL in coronary artery disease. The model, which included biomedical factors and individual and environmental characteristics, was tested in a multicenter group of 465 patients at three timepoints (baseline evaluation of chest pain and 1- and 3-month follow-ups). A satisfactory fit was obtained for the model over time. Depression and anxiety symptoms exerted the most significant influence on HRQL. HRQL and the mediating factors were found to be distinct phenomena. The authors concluded that mediating factors, especially depression and anxiety symptoms, should be taken into consideration in clinical routine if HRQL is regarded as a clinical outcome.

Chest Pain↗