Greater resistance to development of severe schistosomiasis in Brazilian Negroes.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to E S Azevêdo.
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Eight hundreds and fifteen patients of the Prof. Edgard Santos Hospital, Salvador, Bahia, were studied for G6PD deficiency by the spot test. The frequencies of deficients were 11,39% for the blacks, 7,85% for the dark mulattoes and 6,98% for the medium mulattoes. There was no difference in the percentage of deficients between out patients and patients in the wards. Also, there was no difference in the means for hematocrit, hemoglobin, frequency of hospitalization and type of disease between patients with the deficiency and the control patients. However, a past history for jaundice was significantly more frequent among the deficient patients (22,22%) than among the control patients (12,76%) (x 2(1) = 4,43; p less than 0,03). These results suggest that, in Northeastern Brazil, G6PD deficiency is not severe enough to require hospitalization but is able to cause clinically detectable jaundice.
Two thousand four hundred and forty-four Brazilian school children were classified as Light, Medium and Dark according to a subjective jedgment of the proportion of Negro admixture, and studied for weight, height, span and upper-segment/lower-segment (US/LS) ratio. The mean US/LS ratio decreases significantly as the proportion of Negro admixture increases giving an intermediate value for those children belonging to the Medium group for race.
The effect of Black admixture is studied on the characteristics of Beckman's scoring method. There is a significant cline on the mean scoring value for the interdigital area IV as the proportion of Negro ancestries increases (p less than 0.05).
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A genetic analysis is presented of data from 22 Brazilian sibships with cases of acheiropodia (the handless and footless families of Brazil). Segregation analysis performed using a 16K CDC 3100 computer showed a segregation frequency of .245 +/- .040, which is close to the expected value of .25. No sporadic cases were detected. The ascertainment of the probands was through multiple incomplete selection (pi = .55 +/- .07). The data are consistent with the hypothesis of an extremely rare autosomal recessive gene as the etiological factor in acheiropodia. Prevalence is estimated as 29 +/- 4, which is the same as the number of high risk cases; gene frequency equals .0009 +/- .0005, and the incidence at birth is 4 times 10(-6) by the indirect method or 7 times 10(-6) by the direct method. The frequency of heterozygotes at birth is assumed to be 0.18% (450 times the frequency of affected). Population size is approximately 10 million, and the number of founders on a unique-mutation hypothesis is estimated as about 500. All these estimates are first approximations and must be accepted with caution.
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Electrophoretic polymorphism of delta-aminolevulinate dehydrase (ALAD) was studied on 519 individuals from Bahia, Brazil. Subjective assessment of Black ancestries carried out in a five point visual scale (White, Light Mulatto, Medium Mulatto, Dark Mulatto and Black) allowed to show that the ALAD*2 allele frequency decreases from 8% in Whites to 0% in Blacks. These findings agree with previous reports of ALAD in Africans, American Indians and Spanish. The powerful peculiarity of the ALAD system in assessing racial admixture is stressed.
PGM3 polymorphism was studied in 301 placenta samples from the Negroid population of Northeastern Brazil. The following gene frequencies were encountered: PGM3*1 = 0.545 and PGM3*2 = 0.455. They lie between European and African gene frequencies. The prevalent Black and White admixture of Northeastern Brazil populations fits well with the observed gene frequencies. Two samples exhibited variant electrophoretic patterns.
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