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Biomedical subjects

E S Cathcart

Publications and source records attributed to E S Cathcart.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Bronchiolitis and bronchitis in connective tissue disease. A possible relationship to the use of penicillamine.

Rapid onset of severe and irreversbile airflow obstruction developed in two women. One had eosinophilic fasciitis and the other had rheumatoid arthritis. Both were treated with penicillamine. In the first patient, aged 42 years, dyspnea developed after six months of therapy. Her roentgenogram showed hyperinflation. Forced vital capacity expired in one second (FEV1/FVC%) decreased from 75% to 40%, and the residual volume increased by 1 L. In the second patient, aged 54 years, cough and dyspnea developed after ten months of therapy. The FEV1/FVC% was 56%, the FEV1 was 0.9 L, and the roentgenogram was normal. Lung biopsy specimens demonstrated severe and widespread bronchiolitis. An association between obliterative bronchiolitis and rheumatoid arthritis has been reported. Penicillamine may impair healing of bronchiolitis in such patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Acute monocytic arthritis.

Five patients with the triad of fever, skin rash, and acute polyarthritis were studied with regard to synovial fluid analysis. All cases revealed inflammatory effusions with a predominant monocytosis. Skin biopsies from two cases and synovial membrane biopsy from one case revealed a nonnecrotizing vasculitis. Although the etiology of this syndrome was not ascertained, it bears striking similarities to certain viral arthritides. It also deserves consideration as a form of acute hypersensitivity angiitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Improvement of in vitro mitogen proliferative responses in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients exposed to fractionated total body irradiation.

Patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas who failed to respond to chemotherapy were treated with low dose fractionated total body irradiation (TBI). Prior to during and after scheduled therapy, their clinical status was evaluated and peripheral blood studies were performed to enumerate EAC and E rosetting cells and to measure proliferative responses to mitogens. Peripheral blood abnormalities were present prior to TBI using these in vitro assays. Patients who obtained clinical remissions following therapy had restoration of mitogen progressive disease had no change in their ability to proliferate in response to mitogens. Normalization of EAC and E rosetting profiles often occurred regardless of clinical response. These data indicate that low dose fractionated TBI produces clinical and in vitro detectable immunological changes. Furthermore, they show that improvement in mitogen responsiveness correlates best with good clinical responses.

Erythrocytes↗
PubMed1978

Casein-induced experimental amyloidosis. IX. Alterations in marrow dependent function.

CBA/J mice receiving multiple injections of sodium caseinate (CAS) or bovine serum albumin (BSA) were assayed for marrow dependent functions by measuring their ability (i) to reject bone marrow allografts and (ii) to resist Friend virus (FV)-induced suppression of lymphocyte mitogenesis. Mice that developed amyloidosis following 25-30 injections completely lost the ability to reject allogeneic marrow cells, whereas nonamyloid BSA-treated mice had enhanced rejection of marrow allografts. There was increased resistance to the suppressive effects of FV in spleen cells from 'preamyloid' mice receiving CAS injections and nonamyloid mice receiving 10-40 BSA injections. Amyloid mice appeared to be as susceptible to the effects of FV-induced suppression as control (untreated) animals. These data indicate that alterations in marrow dependent function may be related to the pathogenesis of amyloid disease.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMed1978

New concepts in the pathogenesis of primary and secondary amyloid disease.

Despite the marked progress obtained in the structural and amino acid sequencing data of amyloid proteins our understanding of the cellular mechanisms causing the deposition of amyloid fibrils is still poor. Some of the questions about the cellular events leading to the synthesis of amyloid fibrils can be approached by evaluating the immune reactivity of animals that develop amyloid after repeated daily casein injections. Recent studies carried out in a mouse model indicate that macrophage activation associated with T-cell suppression and followed by B-cell proliferation appear to be responsible for the immunopathological abnormalities in both primary and secondary amyloid disease.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMed1977

Current concepts in management of lupus nephritis.

Since prognosis seems to vary according to which of several possible types of disease is present, the first step is renal biopsy and histologic classification. Management options thereafter-both conventional (steroid therapy) and investigational (cytotoxic agents plus steroids, thymic hormone replacement, steroid "pulse" therapy)-are discussed in terms of recent clincal results and theoretical mechanisms of action.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Kinetics of serum amyloid protein A in casein-induced murine amyloidosis.

Serum amyloid protein A (SAA), the precursor of secondary amyloid protein, is elevated in chronic diseases which are associated with an increased incidence of amyloid. However, SAA is also elevated in acute bacterial and viral infections and somes forms of cancer. The murine model of casein-induced amyloidosis was studied to determine the relationship between SAA production and amyloid deposition. SAA levels measured by radioimmunoassay were found to be as high as 200 times the normal level in CBA/J mice receiving daily parenteral casein. After a single injection of casein the SAA level was elevated by 3h and peaked by 12-18 h. Similar levels were found in casein-treated A/J mice, a strain less susceptible to the induction of amyloid. Parenterally administered bovine serum albumin, which has low potential for amyloid induction, gave SAA levels in CBA/J and A/J mice comparable to casein treatment. These data show that, while SAA levels are elevated during chronic antigenic stimulation, there are other factors involved in amyloid formation. These factors may include alterations in the degradation of SAA by the reticuloendothelial system caused by substances such as casein. Nude (athymic) mice were shown to attain high levels of SAA after receiving casein parenterally. Therefore, thymus-derived lymphocytes are not necessary for the synthesis of SAA.

Amyloid↗
PubMed1977

Mitogen induced cellular cytotoxicity (MICC) in multiple myeloma.

Mitogen induced cellular cytotoxicity (MICC) was noted to be markedly increased in patients with multiple myeloma as compared to normal controls and to patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Enhanced MICC was present at various effector-to-target cell ratios and at several mitogen concentrations. Removal of adherent, phagocytic cells by carbonyl iron, glass wool, or rayon columns abolished the MICC response from the peripheral blood of both multiple myeloma patients and normal controls. Thus, the effector cell mediating MICC may be monocytic in origin and closely resembles the suppressor cell for immunoglobulin synthesis described in patients with multiple myeloma. Our data suggest that the MICC assay with chicken red blood cells as targets may provide a convenient method for identifying pathologic conditions where this cytotoxic effector cell population plays an active role.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Influenza: response of T-cell lymphopenia to thymosin.

Eighteen volunteers in tow study groups were inoculated with influenza A (H3N2) and their peripheral blood T, B and null cells enumerated at subsequent intervals. Infection with wild-type virus or with a live, attenuated virus vaccine markedly reduced the proportion and absolute number of T-cell rosettes 24 hours after inoculation. T-Cell depression preceded the onset of clinical illness in symptomatic subjects, continued during illness, and returned to normal with recovery. T-cell lymphopenia was most pronounced in volunteers infected with wild-type virus and was accompanied by an increase in null cells. Lymphocytes from six wild-virus recipients with T-cell leukopenia were incubated in vitro with a calfthymus extract (thymosin), significantly increasing the percentage of T rosettes in all six subjects (P less than 0.0001). These data indicate that influenza is accompanied by pronounced quantitative and functional changes in T cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Beneficial effects of methylprednisolone "pulse" therapy in diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis.

Seven patients with diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis were subjected to highdose intravenous methylprednisolone (pulse) therapy. Following the pulse, five patients with rapidly deteriorating ranal function improved within three days and their serum-creatinine levels returned to baseline by one month. All seven patients demonstrated reversal of severe immunological abnormalities including increased serum D.N.A binding, decreased serum C3 levels, and reduced number of T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. This form of therapy may make it possible to maintain patients with lupus nephritis on lower doses of steroids than is normally feasible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The heterogeneity of leukemic reticuloendotheliosis, "hairy cell leukemia". Evidence for its monocytic origin.

The presence of B, T, and monocyte markers were studied on the spleen and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from two patients with leukemic reticuloendotheliosis. A high proportion of cells from both patients bore a receptor for cytophilic antibody, both in suspension and frozen tissue section. Cells in suspension lacked surface immunoglobulins or a receptor for sheep red blood cells. These results favor the evidence that "hairy cells" are monocytic in origin.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Thymosin restores T cell function and reduces the incidence of amyloid disease in casein-treated mice.

Evidence is presented that T cell impairment appears to be specifically related to the pathogenesis of experimental amyloidosis. This conclusion is based on the finding that thymosin administration improves T cell function as measured by mitogen stimulation of spleen cell suspension and at the same time reduces the incidence and severity of amyloid disease in casein-treated mice.

Amyloidosis↗