PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

E S Cohen

Publications and source records attributed to E S Cohen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

[Possible etiological role retroviruses and enteroviruses in the development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis].

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease with unknown pathogenesis. Loss of motor neurons leads to progressive weakness and, finally, respiratory failure with a mean survival of 3 years. A possible causal role of a retroviral infection has recently been suggested by studies of 7 HIV-infected patients who developed a rapid progressive ALS-like disorder as the first manifestation of their HIV-infection. All patients stabilised or improved with antiretroviral therapy. Other research groups have published on the detection of enterovirus RNA in the spinal cords of ALS-patients, also suggesting a viral aetiology of the disease. The results of these neuro-virological studies warrant further research into the possible role of viral infections as a cause of ALS, as well as clinical trials with anti-retroviral and anti-enteroviral drugs in ALS.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis↗
PubMed2001

Chondrocyte antigen expression, immune response and susceptibility to arthritis.

The association of HLA-B27 with certain forms of arthritis implies a role for MHC class I-restricted T cells in the arthritic process. Our aim was to study CD8(+) T cell responses towards specific antigens localized in joint tissue. Known determinants were introduced into chondrocytes of transgenic (TG) mice, under the control of the cis-regulatory sequences of the human type II collagen gene (COL2A1). Two Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase (beta-gal)-expressing lines were derived (CIIL73 and CIIL64) as well as two lines (CIINP) expressing influenza A virus nucleoprotein (NP). Expression of the antigens could be demonstrated in cartilaginous tissues. The TG lines showed variable degrees of responsiveness towards the transgene-introduced antigens; whilst 75% of CIIL73 mice had an impaired cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response towards beta-gal, the response in CIIL64 mice was essentially normal. However, both lines displayed normal proliferative and antibody responses to beta-gal. A reduced CTL response was seen to NP in the CIINP lines in approximately 65% of the animals. In spite of the persistence of T cell responses to the transgene antigens in these lines, induction of CTL responses alone has so far failed to induce clinical signs of arthritis. Interestingly, some animals expressing beta-gal were susceptible to arthritis following challenge with type II collagen alone, whilst their non-TG littermates and TG mice from other lines remained unaffected. As beta-gal is expressed by E. coli, a component of the normal gut flora, this suggests a possible role for gut-derived immune responses. We believe these lines could form the basis of a model for studying links between intestinal inflammation and arthritis.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis causing severe hypoxemic respiratory failure treated with sequential whole-lung lavage utilizing venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a case report and review.

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is characterized by the accumulation of proteinaceous material in the alveoli leading to varying degrees of impairment in gas exchange. Generally, the degree of hypoxemia is mild, and it is rare to have respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. We present a 53-year-old woman with the most severe degree of hypoxemia associated with alveolar proteinosis reported in the English-language adult literature. Her therapy of sequential whole-lung lavage performed while receiving venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in one operative session is the first reported successful use of this approach.

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation↗
PubMed1995

Ridge enhancement and socket preservation utilizing the subepithelial connective tissue graft: a case report.

To prevent postextraction alveolar ridge resorption, various methods, techniques, and materials have been developed and are utilized. The learning objective of this article is to present a review of these materials and procedures and a clinical rehabilitation of a patient with a high smile line utilizing the technique of "socket preservation" to prevent an unaesthetic collapse of the alveolar ridge. A complex periodontal-prosthetic rehabilitation is undertaken to accommodate the patient's high smile line and prevent a possible unaesthetic result. This case report is an extension of several other ridge preservation cases by the author, previously published in this journal. The importance of cooperation and teamwork between the periodontist and the restorative dentist is emphasized.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Guided tissue regeneration in combination with demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft using a nonresorbable membrane.

The purpose of this article is to detail the preoperative, surgical, and postoperative steps necessary for achieving successful bone regeneration using a nonresorbable membrane in conjunction with demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft implants. Each step of the surgical procedure has been clinically documented. The results from seven reentered patients having nine intrabony defects are presented and discussed.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed1994

Ridge augmentation utilizing the subepithelial connective tissue graft: case reports.

Ridge augmentation has become a common periodontal prosthetic procedure. This article reviews ridge augmentation utilizing the subepithelial connective graft for correction of Class I, II, and III defects. The correct surgical procedures for achieving successful and predictable ridge augmentation are discussed, and a technique for combining ridge augmentation with root coverage is outlined, using three cases to illustrate the procedure. The learning objective of this article is to review and update the knowledge of augmentation procedures and techniques.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

p42 MAP kinase phosphorylation sites in microtubule-associated protein tau are dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase 2A1. Implications for Alzheimer's disease [corrected].

The paired helical filament (PHF), which comprises the major fibrous element of the neurofibrillary tangle of Alzheimer's disease, is composed of abnormally phosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau. Here we show that p42 MAP kinase phosphorylates recombinant tau and converts it to a form which is similar to PHF tau. Of the major serine/threonine protein phosphatases found in mammalian tissues only protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) could dephosphorylate tau phosphorylated in this manner, with PP2A1 being the most effective form of the enzyme.

Brain↗
PubMed1991

Ruptured aneurysm of the descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aorta. Analysis according to size and treatment.

Acute rupture was confirmed at operation in 117 patients treated for descending thoracic or thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm. Descending thoracic (n = 80) aortic rupture occurred into lung or esophagus in 8, the pleural cavity in 49, and the mediastinum in 23. Upper abdominal aortic (n = 37) rupture occurred into peritoneal cavity in 3 and into retroperitoneal tissues in 34. Aneurysmal size (range, 5 to 17 cm; median, 8 cm) could be determined retrospectively in 86 patients; 59 (74%) descending thoracic and 27 (73%) abdominal aorta. Size (external diameter) in the former was 8 (14%), 5 to 6 cm; 21 (36%), 6 to 8 cm; 23 (39%), 8 to 10 cm; and 7 (12%) greater than 10 cm. Size at the abdominal site was similar. Thus size was not greater than 10 cm in 52 (88%) (range, 5 to 10 cm), which contradicts opinions that thoracic aneurysms rupture only when size exceeds 10 cm. Twenty-nine patients (25%) were hypotensive (systolic blood pressure less than 100 mmHg), of whom 16 (55%) had cardiac arrest before operation. Associated conditions included advanced age (greater than or equal to 75 years) in 26 (22%), coronary artery disease in 41 (35%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in 46 (39%), renal insufficiency in 25 (21%), and cardiovascular disease in 22 (18%). The overall early survival rate (30-day) was 89 of 117 patients (76%); 69% in patients with hypotension, 56% of patients with cardiac arrest, 88% in good-risk patients. Five-year (Kaplan-Meier) survival was 28%. Because elective operation is associated with 92% survival, this should be considered before rupture when aneurysm is 5 cm or larger in good-risk patients, in patients with symptomatic aneurysms, and in most patients with larger aneurysms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy for stones in solitary kidney.

Twelve extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) treatments were performed on 10 patients with a solitary kidney. Nine patients had a ureteral stent placed pretreatment. Nine patients were available for follow-up. Seven (78%) were stone free or had insignificant fragments at three months. Complications were seen in 4 patients, including two instances of pyelonephritis. Failures were associated with an increased stone burden. ESWL is an effective and safe treatment for upper urinary tract stones in patients with a solitary kidney. We recommend pretreatment stenting in patients with a solitary kidney.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Old age in America represented in nineteenth and twentieth century popular sheet music.

This paper examines American popular sheet music published between 1830 and 1980 as a source for understanding popular perceptions and feelings about aging and old age. From a private collection of over 300 pieces of sheet music related to aging, two forms of representation of popular sentiments are reviewed: cover art and lyrics. A substantial majority present negative rather than positive views of aging and old age.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Peyronie's disease: surgical experience and presentation of a proximal approach.

A total of 29 patients underwent 32 operations for correction of penile curvature. Of these patients 22 underwent placement of a semirigid prosthesis and 94 per cent of those available for followup were able to resume coitus. Of the 8 patients who underwent operative correction of penile curvature and who maintained potency only 3 (38 per cent) were able to resume intercourse. Vascular compromise and/or skin slough after degloving of the penile skin was noted in 3 patients. A proximal approach to penile reconstruction is presented.

Adult↗