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Biomedical subjects

E S Greene

Publications and source records attributed to E S Greene.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Differential effects of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids on prostaglandin F2alpha production by bovine endometrial cells.

Recent studies have implicated n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the reduction of eicosanoid production in the bovine uterus. The objective of this study was to determine whether the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C(20:5), n-3) on PGF2alpha production by bovine endometrial (BEND) cells is influenced by the quantity of linoleic acid (C(18:2), n-6) in the incubation medium. Confluent BEND cells were incubated in the absence (control) or presence of 100 microM of EPA for 24 h. After incubation, cells were rinsed and then stimulated with phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu; 100 ng/mL) for 6 h. Additional sets of culture dishes were treated with a combination of EPA and increasing n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratios for 24 h and then challenged with PDBu for 6 h. The PDBu stimulated PGF2alpha secretion and upregulated steady-state concentrations of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta mRNA within 6 h. Preincubation of BEND cells with EPA for 24 h decreased PGF2alpha response to phorbol ester, but had no detectable effects on prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-2 or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta mRNA abundance in PDBu-stimulated BEND cells. The inhibitory effect of EPA on PGF2alpha production was reverted in BEND cells treated with an increasing n-6-to-n-3 fatty acid ratio. Findings indicate that the net inhibition of endometrial PGF2alpha bioynthesis by n-3 fatty acids may vary depending on the ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids in the uterus.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Conjugated linoleic acid reduces phorbol ester-induced prostaglandin F2alpha production by bovine endometrial cells.

Recent interest in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) research stems from the well-documented anticarcinogenic, antiatherogenic, antidiabetic, and antiobesity properties of CLA in animal models. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of 2 CLA isomers (cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12) on phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu)-induced PGF2alpha production in cultured bovine endometrial (BEND) cells. Confluent BEND cells were incubated in the absence (control) or presence of 100 microM each of linoleic acid, cis-9,trans-11 CLA, or trans-10,cis-12 CLA for 24 h. After incubation, cells were rinsed and then stimulated with PDBu (100 ng/mL) for 6 h. Compared with untreated cells, PDBu stimulated PGF2alpha secretion (+25-fold) within 6 h. The increases in PGF(2alpha) secretion were paralleled by signifi-cant induction of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-2 (PGHS-2) mRNA (+63-fold) and protein (+1.6-fold) expression. In spite of stimulatory effects on PGHS-2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARdelta) mRNA responses, CLA greatly decreased PGF2alpha production by PDBu-stimulated BEND cells. There was no evidence for PDBu or CLA modulation of PPARdelta protein synthesis in cultured BEND cells. Results indicated that CLA modulation of PGF2alpha production by BEND cells was not mediated through PGHS-2 or PPARdelta gene repression.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Multicenter study of contaminated percutaneous injuries in anesthesia personnel.

BACKGROUND: Anesthesia personnel are at risk for occupational infection with bloodborne pathogens from contaminated percutaneous injuries (CPIs). Additional information is needed to formulate methods to reduce risk. METHODS: The authors analyzed CPIs collected during a 2-yr period at 11 hospitals, assessed CPI underreporting, and estimated risks of infection with human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus. RESULTS: Data regarding 138 CPIs were collected: 74% were associated with blood-contaminated hollow-bore needles, 74% were potentially preventable, 30% were considered high-risk injuries from devices used for intravascular catheter insertion or obtaining blood, and 45% were reported to hospital health services. Corrected for injury underreporting, the CPI rate was 0.27 CPIs per yr per person; per full-time equivalent worker, there were 0.42 CPIs/yr. The estimated average 30-yr risks of human immunodeficiency virus or hepatitis C virus infection per full-time equivalent are 0.049% and 0.45%, respectively. Projecting these findings to all anesthesia personnel in the United States, the authors estimate that there will be 17 human immunodeficiency virus infections and 155 hepatitis C virus infections in 30 yr. CONCLUSIONS: Performance of anesthesia tasks is associated with CPIs from blood-contaminated hollow-bore needles. Thirty percent of all CPIs would have been high-risk for bloodborne pathogen transmission if the source patients were infected. Most CPIs were potentially preventable, and fewer than half were reported to hospital health services. The results identify devices and mechanisms responsible for CPIs, provide estimates of risk levels, and permit formulation of strategies to reduce risks.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed1996

Percutaneous injuries in anesthesia personnel.

Anesthesia personnel are at risk for occupationally acquired blood-borne infections from human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis viruses, and others after percutaneous exposures to infected blood or body fluids. The risk is greater after an infected, blood-contaminated, percutaneous injury, especially from a hollow-bore blood-filled needle, than from other types of exposures. Few data are available on the specific occupational hazards to anesthesia personnel from needles and other sharp devices. Fifty-eight percutaneous injuries (PIs) from anesthesia personnel in nine hospitals were analyzed. Thirty-nine of 58 PIs were from contaminated devices (all needles), and 19 were from uncontaminated devices or of unknown contamination status. Forty-three percent of contaminated percutaneous injuries (CPI) were classified as moderate (some bleeding) or severe (deep injury with profuse bleeding), and most were to health-care workers' hands. Fifty-nine percent of CPI were potentially preventable. Eighty-seven percent of CPI were from hollow-bore needles, and 68% of these were potentially preventable. The largest categories of devices causing CPI were needle on syringe, intravenous (i.v.) or arterial catheter needle-stylet, suture needle, and standard hollow-bore needle for secondary i.v. infusion. Most CPI occurred between steps of a multistep procedure (8%), were recapping related (13%), or occurred at other times after use (41%). No CPI were reported from use of needlestick-prevention safety devices. The devices and mechanisms of injury identified in this study provide specific data that may lead to prevention strategies to reduce the risk of PI.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed1992

The risk of needlestick injuries and needlestick-transmitted diseases in the practice of anesthesiology.

Anesthesiologists are at risk for acquiring blood-borne infections through contact with blood or body fluids. From prospective studies, the greatest risk of transmission is through a percutaneous exposure such as needlestick injury. Personal protective equipment such as gloves and gowns do not completely prevent these exposures. Although educational efforts can reduce the frequency of recapping of needles, they generally have not decreased the incidence of needlesticks. Therefore, in addition to practicing universal precautions, anesthesiologists can attempt to reduce their risk of needlestick injuries by eliminating nonessential unprotected needle use, through the use of needleless or protected needle devices (engineering controls) and by modifying anesthetic procedures requiring needles (work practice controls). Needleless or protected needle products are commercially available for use in many procedures performed by anesthesiologists. For tasks that require the use of needled devices, the practitioner should use safe techniques for handling (i.e., one-handed recapping if recapping is needed) and disposal (i.e., puncture-resistant containers) of these devices. Evaluation of the efficacy, cost, and safety of needleless or protected needle products should be continued as they are introduced into wider use. Additionally, anesthesiologists should be encouraged to report needlestick injuries so that appropriate postexposure treatment can be given and so that the incident can be studied to permit design of a work protocol or device to prevent similar accidents in the future.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed1986

One versus two MAC halothane anesthesia does not alter the left ventricular diastolic pressure-volume relationship.

Previous studies on halothane's effect on left ventricular diastolic compliance (LVDC) not only have had conflicting results, but are not directly applicable to most intraoperative settings. Therefore, the authors examined in dogs whether the depth of halothane anesthesia alters LVDC under surgical conditions over a wide range of hemodynamic stresses with the cardiovascular reflexes intact. The left ventricular diastolic pressure-volume relation was examined at 1 MAC and 2 MAC halothane in seven dogs over wide ranges of preload and afterload during left thoracotomy. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), and echocardiographic left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) were analyzed with the exponential pressure-volume relation P = AeBV (where P = pressure, V = volume, and A and B are empirically derived coefficients). Multivariate analysis showed no significant differences for diastolic pressure-volume relations, comparing both levels of halothane using either PCWP or LVEDP for pressure. The authors conclude that in the intact cardiovascular system in the healthy open-chest dog: 1) LVDC does not change with the depth of halothane between 1 and 2 MAC (it is still possible LVDC changed between 0 and 1 MAC), and 2) PCWP does reflect the LVEDV during halothane anesthesia (between 1 and 2 MAC) under surgical conditions over a wide range of cardiovascular stresses.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1985

Arterial pulse wave velocity: a limited index of systemic vascular resistance during normotensive anesthesia in dogs.

We investigated the relationship between systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and arterial pulse wave velocity (PWV) to determine if PWV might provide an index of SVR during anesthesia. A wide range of SVR measurements was obtained pharmacologically in 8 dogs during halothane anesthesia at each of three mean blood pressure (BP) ranges: low (40 to 60 mm Hg), medium (90 to 110 mm Hg), and high (140 to 160 mm Hg). For pooled data the SVR-PWV linear correlation coefficient at the low BP range was 0.44; at the medium BP range it was 0.75; in both cases p was less than 0.001. At the high BP range the correlation coefficient was -0.06 and was not significant. We conclude that only directional trends in SVR during normotensive anesthesia (medium BP range) can be estimated using arterial PWV measurements. Thus, on the basis of this study, PWV measurement cannot be used as a direct substitute for SVR measurement. Further study of SVR-PWV relationships is needed to determine if noninvasively measured PWV might provide a more accurate estimate of SVR.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1981

Autonomic hyperreflexia during upper extremity surgery.

A case is presented of autonomic hyperreflexia in a quadriplegic patient occurring during upper extremity surgery. Tourniquet ischaemia is proposed as the likely causative stimulus. An understanding of the afferent neural pathways involved in this physiological response may be useful in better understanding the subjective phenomena of tourniquet pain in neurologically intact individuals.

Adult↗