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Biomedical subjects

E S King

Publications and source records attributed to E S King.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Using peer volunteers to promote mammography education in senior citizens' housing facilities.

A peer volunteer intervention to encourage attendance at mammography education programs was developed and evaluated as part of a multi-intervention study to improve mammography by women 65 years and older. Approximately five to seven women from each of 20 racially and socioeconomically diverse senior citizens' housing facilities were recruited. After completing a training session, they distributed invitations and spoke personally with fellow residents about attending the upcoming program. Attendance rates for facilities with the peer volunteer program were compared with those in facilities without the volunteers. Results of a logistic regression analysis found the volunteer program, in addition to facility size, to have had a statistically significant effect on attendance at the mammography education presentations.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Results of an office-based training program in clinical breast examination for primary care physicians.

BACKGROUND: This study hypothesized that an office-based training program in clinical breast examination (CBE) would improve the lump-detection skills of primary care physicians. METHODS: A one-group pretest-posttest design was utilized, without outcome measurements taken prior to instruction, immediately afterwards, and six months later. Fifty physicians from 117 practices that had been randomly selected and met program eligibility criteria elected to participate. The intervention was a one-hour office-based CBE training program based on the MammaCare method, a standardized approach to teaching the detection of breast lumps using silicone breast models. RESULTS: There were five lumps in the silicone model. The mean number of correct lump detections increased significantly, from 0.66 before to 3.2 after instruction, and this gain was maintained at six-month follow-up. The mean number of false positives decreased from 2.9 before to 1.16 after instruction, increasing slightly to 1.6 at six-month follow-up. Ninety-six percent of the physicians reported that they had modified their methods of CBE as a result of the training. CONCLUSIONS: This office-based instruction using an academic detailing model improved the participating physicians' abilities to correctly detect lumps in a silicone breast model and was received favorably.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Characterization of repetitive DNA in the Mycoplasma genitalium genome: possible role in the generation of antigenic variation.

We have characterized a family of repetitive DNA elements with homology to the MgPa cellular adhesion operon of Mycoplasma genitalium, a bacterium that has the smallest known genome of any free-living organism. One element, 2272 bp in length and flanked by DNA with no homology to MgPa, was completely sequenced. At least four others were partially sequenced. The complete element is a composite of six regions. Five of these regions show sequence similarity with nonadjacent segments of genes of the MgPa operon. The sixth region, located near the center of the element, is an A+T-rich sequence that has only been found in this repeat family. Open reading frames are present within the five individual regions showing sequence homology to MgPa and the adjacent open reading frame 3 (ORF3) gene. However, termination codons are found between adjacent regions of homology to the MgPa operon and in the A+T-rich sequence. Thus, these repetitive elements do not appear to be directly expressible protein coding sequences. The sequence of one region from five different repetitive elements was compared with the homologous region of the MgPa gene from the type strain G37 and four newly isolated M. genitalium strains. Recombination between repetitive elements of strain G37 and the MgPa operon can explain the majority of polymorphisms within our partial sequences of the MgPa genes of the new isolates. Therefore, we propose that the repetitive elements of M. genitalium provide a reservoir of sequence that contributes to antigenic variation in proteins of the MgPa cellular adhesion operon.

Adhesins, Bacterial↗
PubMed1995

Mammography interventions for 65- to 74-year-old HMO women. Program effectiveness and predictors of use.

This study evaluated the impact of two interventions designed to encourage mammography use among HMO women aged 65-74 who had not had a mammogram within the past year and had not used their referral for a free mammogram. Ninety days after the referral mailing, women were randomized to receive (a) a survey, (b) a survey in addition to telephone mammography counseling, or (c) a survey, telephone counseling, and a letter. Follow-up data indicated that only 13% of control group women compared to 27% who received phone counseling and 32% who received counseling and a letter obtained a mammogram within 120 days following the baseline survey and/or intervention. Results of the logistic regression analysis indicated that having received either of the interventions, mammography history, access ease, breast cancer/mammography beliefs, and having a friend or family member with breast cancer were independently and significantly related to mammography use.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Promoting mammography use through progressive interventions: is it effective?

This study evaluated interventions implemented with women in a health maintenance organization who had not utilized their annual free mammogram referral 45 days (step 2) and 95 days (step 3) after its mailing. The step 2 evaluation compared mammography utilization for women randomly assigned to receive a brief reminder letter or no reminder: 42% of the reminder group vs 28% of the control group obtained mammograms. The step 3 evaluation compared utilization for women randomly assigned to receive a second reminder, a letter suggesting a preventive office visit, or telephone counseling: 29% of those who received telephone counseling, 14% of those who received a letter, and 12% of those who received a second reminder obtained mammograms.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Breast cancer screening practices among retirement community women.

BACKGROUND: The purposes of this study were (a) to learn more about the existing breast cancer screening practices of women age 65 and older and (b) to identify factors related to breast cancer screening. METHOD: A random sample of 752 women age 65 and older residing in independent living apartments in eight retirement communities was selected to participate in a survey of breast cancer screening practices and related factors. A total of 616 surveys were complete, yielding a response rate of 82%; of those, 571 of the surveys were administered by telephone, with the remaining 45 administered in person. RESULTS: Thirty-eight percent of the women reported having had a mammogram within the past year, 53% had a clinical breast exam, and 39% reported performing monthly breast self-examination. The percentage of women reporting either annual clinical breast examinations or mammography decreased with increasing age. Results of a logistic regression analysis found that having discussed mammography with a physician, believing in the need for mammography, having no mammography-related concerns, and the combination of personal experience with breast cancer and having had a clinical breast examination in the past year were all independently related to having had a mammogram within the past year (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In order to increase older women's participation in screening, particularly in mammography, educational interventions need to be developed and directed both to older women and to their physicians.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

How valid are mammography self-reports?

We compared mammography reports in medical records to self-reports obtained during a 1989 telephone interview survey for a sample of 100 women members of a health maintenance organization (HMO) who indicated they had mammograms within the past year and 100 who said they had not had mammograms within the past year. Of the women reporting they had not had mammograms within the past year, none had mammogram reports in the HMO data center. Of the 100 women reporting they had mammograms within the past year, 94 had confirmatory radiology records.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

A matter of degrees.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Education, Pharmacy, Graduate↗
PubMed1989

Experience with staffing alternatives in a pediatric teaching institution.

Staffing alternatives and recruitment and retention strategies used by the pharmacy department of a pediatric teaching hospital are described. In addition to overtime compensation, the following alternative strategies have been implemented: (1) use of contingent or "on-call" personnel, (2) coverage by management staff, (3) use of temporary agencies, (4) review of ongoing activities, and (5) use of supportive personnel. All these strategies have been effective in compensating for shortages by supplying qualified individuals on an as-needed basis, eliminating nonessential departmental activities, or delegating nonprofessional duties to technicians and other supportive personnel. Effective recruitment and retention strategies include scholarship and training programs, communication with pharmacy staff about management efforts to improve salary and practice opportunities, and insight into the nature of the local competition from chain and mail-order pharmacies. Use of alternate approaches to staffing has helped the pharmacy department at this institution maintain adequate staffing during periods of pharmacist shortages.

Communication↗