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Biomedical subjects

E S Kristensen

Publications and source records attributed to E S Kristensen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Loop ileostomy--the first choice for relief of colon and rectum].

In numerous comparative investigations, loop-ileostomy has proved superior to transversostomy. The operative technique is described and experience from 27 loop-ileostomies carried out in a department for organ surgery are reviewed. The qualities of the method as compared with transversostomy are discussed on the basis of the literature and the authors' own results. It is concluded that loop-ileostomy may, in general, be preferred for temporary and palliative relief of the colon.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Undescended testis treated by intranasal application of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH)].

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 118 boys, aged 2-12 years, with 161 undescended testes were treated with luteinising-hormone releasing-hormone (LH-RH), 1.2 mg daily intranasally for four weeks. According to randomization, 60 boys with 85 undescended testes received LH-RH and 58 boys with 76 undescended testes received the placebo. 17 testes (20%) in 12 boys (20%) descended in the LH-RH group and 2 testes (3%) in 2 boys (3%) descended in the placebo group. This difference is statistically significant (chi 2, 0.01 greater than p greater than 0.001). A second LH-RH course, offered three months later to the boys who did not respond to the first LH-RH course, increased the success rate to 35%. The primary location of the testis was a significant factor for the effect of treatment. The highest success rate (63%) was registered in testes located in a high scrotal position. There was no significant difference in success of treatment between unilateral and bilateral cryptorchidism, nor between age groups. No serious adverse effects of treatment were noted. It is concluded, that LH-RH administered intranasally can be used in the treatment of boys with unilateral and bilateral cryptorchidism.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1990

[Factors determining the development of wound infection after appendectomy].

In order to illustrate which factors are of significance for the development of wound infection after appendectomy, an extensive prospective material of 2,097 patients submitted to appendectomy was analysed. Regression analyses demonstrated that age alone, employment of preoperative antibiotics (cefoxitin) and patient delay (time from onset of symptoms till admission) were of significance. The present authors conclude, on the basis of this material, that all patients over 25 years of age should be given preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis which covers aerobic and also anaerobic microorganisms. If a gangrenous or perforated appendix is found, antibiotics should be administered intraoperatively if prophylactic treatment has not been administered. In cases of perforation, antibiotics should be administered postoperatively for 72 hours.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Voiding patterns in men evaluated by a questionnaire survey.

A questionnaire on obstructive and irritative voiding symptoms was sent to 572 men aged between 20 and 79 years, selected at random from the National Register; 337 questionnaires were completed. None of the responders had consulted a doctor because of voiding symptoms. There was a significant increase in voiding symptoms and in the obstructive, irritative and total symptom scores between the sixth and seventh [corrected] decades, whereas the increases in the other decades were small. Only the prevalence of terminal dribbling was uniform. The prevalence of single obstructive and irritative voiding symptoms in men aged 60 to 79 years without subjective prostatism was the same as in patients admitted with prostatism, although most of the men had milder symptoms. Only nocturia and urge incontinence were more prevalent in patients admitted with prostatism. About 20% of men in the oldest decades had symptoms equal in severity to those found in men undergoing prostatectomy; 29% and 11% of men in the eighth decade [corrected] had nocturia twice and 3 times or more respectively; 19% complained of urge incontinence. More information on possible treatment is needed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Voiding patterns and prevalence of incontinence in women. A questionnaire survey.

A detailed questionnaire on the occurrence of irritative and obstructive voiding symptoms, incontinence and the number of childbirths was sent out to 600 women aged between 20 and 79 years, randomly selected from the National Register; 432 (72%) returned the questionnaire and 414 (69%) were evaluable. The frequency of obstructive symptoms such as hesitancy, intermittency and decreased stream was low. Diurnal frequency with voiding intervals less than 3 h were recorded by more than 50% of the women and about 10% voided more frequently than every second hour. Nocturia increased significantly with age; 54 (13.6%) voided at least twice per night. About 40% complained of incontinence but this was troublesome in only 6%; 15.3, 13.3 and 11.5% had stress, urge and mixed incontinence respectively. More than 8% wore nappies or sanitary towels every day to protect against urinary leakage. Although the tendency to wear nappies or sanitary towels increased with age, the increase was not statistically significant. There was a positive correlation between the occurrence of stress incontinence and childbirth in the group as a whole.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Antibiotic prophylaxis in acute nonperforated appendicitis. The Danish Multicenter Study Group III.

In a prospective, block-randomized, multicenter study, the safety and efficacy of cefoxitin in preoperative prophylaxis were studied. 1735 patients undergoing appendectomy were evaluable, and half of these patients received 2 g of cefoxitin before undergoing operation. The patients were divided into three groups: patients with a normal appendix, patients with an acutely inflamed appendix, and patients with a gangrenous appendix. The study showed for each group a significant reduction of the incidence of wound infection in patients receiving prophylaxis. However, intra-abdominal abscess formation was not influenced by preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis. Consequently, routine preoperative prophylaxis is recommended before appendectomy.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1989

Does internal urethrotomy prevent urethral stricture after transurethral prostatectomy. Early and late results.

In a randomized study of 200 consecutive patients undergoing transurethral prostatectomy (TURP), the combination of internal urethrotomy and TURP (the trial group) was compared with TURP alone (the control group) with regard to the development of urethral strictures postoperatively. Three months after resection, 14% in the trial group and 21% in the control group had developed a urethral stricture. The difference was not statistically significant. At a late follow-up (median 54 months postoperatively) 5 more patients in the trial group and 8 in the control group had developed strictures. The diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of uroflowmetry in diagnosing urethral strictures was 62 and 96%, respectively. The diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of retrograde urethrography was 58 and 98%, respectively. We conclude that urethrotomy before TURP cannot prevent the formation of postoperative urethral strictures.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Sucralfate in gastritis.

Gastritis has a wide spectre of definition modalities. Most previous studies have compared symptomatology with histologic gastritis with negative results. We believe that this may be due to inadequate definition criteria and emphasize this point by comparing gastroesophageal reflux with duodenogastric reflux. A prospective randomized trial has been conducted for half a year comparing Sucralfate with a placebo in patients with symptomatological and macroscopical gastritis. Although approximately one hundred patients met the endoscopic criteria, the vast majority could not be included due to well-defined interfering diseases, and thus the material is still too sparse to give any indication of the influence of Sucralfate on endoscopic gastritis, although the preliminary overall results seem promising.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1987

The predictive value of the third day temperature in the decision whether to continue or terminate antibiotic treatment in perforated appendicitis.

The third day temperature is frequently used in the decision whether to continue or terminate antibiotic treatment following appendicectomy in perforated appendicitis. To assess the value of the third day temperature in predicting intraperitoneal infectious complications we studied 235 consecutive patients treated with a 3-day course of cefoxitin after surgery for perforated appendicitis. The results demonstrated that regardless of the level of elevated temperature chosen, the predictive value ranged between 16 and 33%. In consequence, elevated third day temperature per se does not provide any rational basis for continuing antibiotic treatment in order to prevent intraperitoneal infectious complications following appendectomy in perforated appendicitis.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1986

Is there need for both intravenous urography and voiding cystography in the evaluation of children with recurrent urinary tract infections?

In a prospective study 33 children (aged 6-14 years) consecutively referred for recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTI), underwent intravenous urography (IVU) as well as voiding cystography (VC). Seven children had unilateral and two children had bilateral renal scarring, while ten children had unilateral and six children had bilateral vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR). Following normal IVU VUR was demonstrated in 22% of the ureters, but in all cases of low grade. In abnormal IVU, i.e. renal scarring or dilatation of the ureters, VC showed high grade VUR in 54% of the ureters. Based on these results and the current theories on the significance of patient age and grade of VUR, we conclude that in case of a normal IVU in children with RUTI and age of at least 6 years, there is no reason to supplement the pre-treatment evaluation with VC.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Detrusor instability in children with recurrent urinary tract infection and/or enuresis. I. Clinical conditions and symptomatology.

Forty-one children, aged 5-15 years, were referred because of recurrent urinary infections and/or enuresis. They were examined prospectively by means of cystometry. CO2 cystometry revealed detrusor instability in 18 children (44%), but if complete reproducibility were to be requested in repeated tests, only 7 children (17%) would have presented instability. Detrusor instability was not significantly related to definite pathological changes in the urinary tract or to irritative bladder symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Detrusor instability in children with recurrent urinary tract infection and/or enuresis. II. Treatment.

Of 41 children, aged 5-15 years, referred consecutively because of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) and/or enuresis, 18 (44%) showed detrusor instability (DI) in at least 2 of 6 CO2 cystometries. One child was excluded from the study because of lack of follow-up. Four children with less pronounced DI (instability during less than or equal to 50% of the cystometries performed) and frequent UTIs were given antibiotics prophylactically for 3 months. In the remaining 13 children, DI was found during more than half the cystometries performed, and 11 of these children, who also had urge incontinence, were treated with emepronium bromide, 400-600 mg daily (10-12 mg/kg) for 3 months. In 7 of the patients this treatment was supplemented by antibiotics prophylactically because of frequent UTIs. Two children with special problems received other types of treatment. All children were free from symptoms at a clinical check-up 6 months later, 95% confidence limits 0-20%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Three days cefoxitin in perforated appendicitis.

This study was undertaken to assess the efficacy and safety of a 3-day course of treatment with Mefoxitin (cefoxitin sodium, MSD) in patients with perforated or ruptured appendicitis. A series of 235 patients undergoing surgery for perforated or ruptured appendicitis were treated with cefoxitin for 3 days. Twenty-four patients (10%) developed wound infection and 28 (12%) developed an intra-abdominal abscess postoperatively. No side effects were observed during the study. Compared with the results of our previous series, where a 5-day course of cefoxitin was used, the incidence of wound infection was similar. However the incidence of intra-abdominal abscesses in the present series was significantly higher (p less than 0.01). The results seem to indicate that a 3-day course of cefoxitin is as effective as a 5-day course in controlling the incidence of wound infection following surgery for perforated or ruptured appendicitis, whereas the 3-day course seems to be inferior to a 5-day course in controlling the incidence of intra-abdominal abscesses.

Abscess↗
PubMed1985

Value of cystourethroscopy in the assessment of children with recurrent urinary tract infections and/or enuresis.

Forty-one children ages 6-14 years consecutively referred for recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTI) and/or enuresis constituted the study group. Cystourethroscopy (CUS) was carried out in 40 children and pathologic findings were revealed in 70% of children with RUTI in the absence of vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR). However, only in 4 patients did CUS influence treatment. Based on these data we conclude that routine CUS is not justified in the evaluation of this group of children unless anatomical infravesical lesions are suspected. VUR was proven in 44% of children with RUTI. In 86% of these ureters abnormal ureteric orifices were demonstrated. We therefore find CUS to be valuable in the assessment of children with both RUTI and VUR, because this examination is helpful in selecting patients who might need operation for severe VUR. CUS was not of therapeutic benefit to children with enuresis. Five patients with macroscopic haematuria during urinary tract infection were not managed differently following CUS.

Adolescent↗