Biomedical subjects

E S Schechter

Publications and source records attributed to E S Schechter.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1999

Industry, occupation, and disability insurance beneficiary work return.

This article uses the New Beneficiary Data System to describe the first job held after award of Disability Insurance benefits, in terms of occupation and industry. It examines work activity within sectors of employment, and looks at the issues of whether work return in certain industries and occupations varies according to the demographic characteristics of the beneficiaries. The article also presents data on sector-specific employer accommodations that can aid in sustained work return. Postentitlement work was fairly evenly distributed across occupational and industrial sectors. Persons with higher levels of educational attainment were found to be in white-collar employment sectors. There were noticeable differences in the availability of employer accommodations across postentitlement occupations and industries.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Work while receiving disability insurance benefits: additional findings from the New Beneficiary Followup Survey.

From the foregoing analyses, the following picture emerges about persons who work after award of DI benefits: Almost one-quarter of the sample population attempted to reenter the labor force in the 10-year NBS-NBF period. The higher the level of education, the greater the proportion of persons who worked. Younger beneficiaries were more likely to work than older beneficiaries. About half of the beneficiaries who worked did so on a full-time (40-hour-or-more per week) basis. Most beneficiaries worked because of financial need. The profile of reasons for working did not vary across demographic groups and aspects of the first job held. Most beneficiaries began working without attributing this decision to an improvement in their health. Individuals pursued different methods of job search. No single approach emerged as the most successful. Job search modes did not vary for different groups and different jobs. Four activities were most likely to lead to job offers: persons checking where they had worked before, asking a friend, answering an ad, and following up a vocational rehabilitation lead. These findings were not conclusive because small numbers of persons engaged in these activities. Thirty percent of DI workers returned to their preentitlement employer. The beneficiaries' first postentitlement jobs had less exertion, fewer hours, and lower pay than did their job held prior to award. The likelihood of working was the same across a broad range of disabling health conditions. In terms of work return policy, formal work return programs aimed at young beneficiaries and those with higher levels of educational attainment would produce the greatest number of job placements. It appears that no targeting of programs is necessary along gender lines. The anomalous finding of an absence of the relationship between improvement in health and labor-force reentry requires further investigation. Any followup in this area of inquiry should plan to have the data collected close to the time of postentitlement job entry.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1981

Commitment to work and the self-perception of disability.

Population surveys of the disabled frequently show large numbers of persons who report work activity despite a simultaneous response indicating that they are severely disabled. Using multinomial logit analysis, this article examines the characteristics of persons who express such a commitment to work. The characteristics examined are sex, race, age, family size, education, marital status, health status, and length of work experience prior to onset of disability. The logit analysis allows us to see which of these variables predict work behavior. Data from the 1972 Survey of Disabled and Nondisabled Adults and the 1974 Followup Survey are used. Data are shown in cross section (1972 and 1974) and longitudinally (patterns of change from 1972 to 1974). In 1972, the less severe the level of health problems, the higher the level of education, being male, and needing to help relatives financially were traits associated with the probability of working despite self-report of severe disability. Those who received funds from public income maintenance were not likely to have worked. Essentially, the same findings were obtained for 1974 cross sectionally and 1972-74 longitudinally. Comparison was also made between those severely disabled persons who worked full time and those who worked part time, for both 1972 and 1974. Basically, age and severity of health condition were associated with the probability of working full time as opposed to part time, suggesting that it is a work/no work decision that is more likely to discriminate among the work commitments of the severely disabled than is the type of work schedule.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1977

Employment and work adjustments of the disabled: 1972 survey of disabled and nondisabled adults.

Of the 15.6 million individuals in the United States who were currently disabled in 1972, 8 out of 10 were employed as the disability began. For these persons, several aspects of work adjustments after the onset of disability are examined here, with the measures of adjustment based on self-reports of the disabled. Women were less likely to be employed after onset than men. Those employed full time before they were disabled were more likely to work after onset than those who had been part-time workers. The relationship between duration of disability and employment varied with severity of disability. Among the severely disabled, those with a long-term disability were more likely not to work than were the recently disabled. Keeping the pre-onset work status varied with type of employment. For the severely and occupationally disabled, industries staffed by craftsmen and operatives had lower rates of retention than did other sectors. Most of those who returned to work after onset did so within 6 months. Men who returned to work did so more quickly than did women. Doctor's advice and family responsibility were the primary reasons for not returning to work.

Adult↗