Thymus changes in anti-MuSK-positive and -negative myasthenia gravis.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
E Saka
Publications and source records attributed to E Saka.
The anatomy of the carotico-clinoid foramen and its relation with the internal carotid artery.
The carotico-clinoid foramen is the result of ossification either of the carotico-clinoid ligament or of a dural fold extending between the anterior and middle clinoid processes of the sphenoid bone. It is anatomically important due to its relations with the cavernous sinus and its content, sphenoid sinus and pituitary gland. In this study the ossification state of the carotico-clinoid ligament, the diameter of the internal carotid artery and the carotico-clinoid foramen has been studied on 50 autopsy cases. Of the 100 carotico-clinoid foramina examined, in 27 sides (15 right, 12 left) the carotico-clinoid ligament was completely ossified, in 18 sides (9 right, 9 left) the carotico-clinoid ligament was incompletely ossified and in 55 sides (26 right, 29 left) it was a ligamentous structure. The correlation of the dimensions of the carotico-clinoid foramen and the internal carotid artery showed no statistical significance, except between the carotico-clinoid foramen with a fibrous carotico-clinoid ligament and the internal carotid artery on the right side (p=0.007, r=0.51). The existence of a bony carotico-clinoid foramen may cause compression, tightening or stretching of the internal carotid artery. Further, removing the anterior clinoid process is an important step in regional surgery; the presence of a bony carotico-clinoid foramen may have high risk. Therefore, detailed knowledge of the type of ossification between the anterior and middle clinoid processes can be necessary to increase the success of regional surgery.
Adolescent↗
Local circuit neurons in the striatum regulate neural and behavioral responses to dopaminergic stimulation.
Interneurons are critical for shaping neuronal circuit activity in many parts of the central nervous system. To study interneuron function in the basal ganglia, we tested and characterized an NK-1 receptor-based method for targeted ablation of specific classes of interneuron in the striatum. Our findings demonstrate that the neurotoxin SP-PE35, a substance P-Pseudomonas exotoxin conjugate, selectively targets striatal cholinergic and nitric oxide synthase/somatostatinergic interneurons when injected locally into the striatum. The effects of this selective cell targeting encompassed alterations in both behavioral and neural responses to dopaminergic stimulation, including altered patterns of early-gene response in striosomes and matrix. We conclude that NK-1-bearing local circuit neurons of the striatum regulate the differential responses of striatal projection neurons to dopamine-mediated signaling.
Animals↗
Familial adult onset myoclonic epilepsy associated with migraine.
We report a new type of migraine associated epileptic syndrome in a family: adult onset myoclonic epilepsy with benign course and migraine. Affected members of the family had myoclonic and rare generalised tonic-clonic seizures. Most of the patients, but not all, had a history of migraine. Also, some cases of the family had only migraine. This family will be discussed because of two distinct features. Firstly, in this family a different type of epilepsy, adult onset myoclonic epilepsy was diagnosed that has not been classified in the ILAE 1989, classification(s), but was similar to that previously reported in Japanese families. Secondly, in most of the cases migraine was associated with the epilepsy.
Age of Onset↗
Rotatory seizures are not as rare as described.
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Brain↗
Compartmental changes in expression of c-Fos and FosB proteins in intact and dopamine-depleted striatum after chronic apomorphine treatment.
Chronic administration of dopaminergic agonists to rats with unilateral 6-OH-dopamine (6-OHDA) lesions of nigrostriatal pathway produces behavioral sensitization to subsequent agonist challenges and may serve as a model for DOPA-induced dyskinesias. In order to understand striatal mechanisms behind this long-term behavioral change we examined striatal c-Fos and FosB immunoreactivity induced by apomorphine challenge (5 mg/kg, s.c.) after 3 days of withdrawal following a 2-week administration (5 mg/kg, b.i.d., s.c.) both in intact and 6-OHDA-lesioned animals. In intact rats, c-Fos induction by acute apomorphine exposure showed a striosomal pattern, whereas FosB immunopositivity was diffusely distributed. Following chronic administration, FosB induction turned to a clear striosome dominant pattern similar to c-Fos expression. In denervated striatum, expression of both proteins was profoundly augmented in a homogeneous pattern after a single dose of apomorphine. A distinct striosomal patterning appeared after chronic apomorphine administration in ventromedial part of the denervated striatum with a down-regulation in the matrix and relative enhancement in striosomes. These results suggest that compartmental reorganization of striatal neuronal activity may play a role in long-term behavioral changes induced by chronic dopaminergic treatments both under normal and dopamine-depleted conditions.
Animals↗
Circling seizures in a case with Wilson's disease.
We report a case of Wilson's disease with circling seizures. Because of the existence of other types of frontal automatism and the EEG focus on the frontal regions, circling seizures of the patient were thought to originate from the frontal lobe. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated large cavitary lesions on bilateral frontal lobes. The mechanisms of circling behavior are discussed in association with Wilson's disease.
Adolescent↗
Circling seizures.
Twelve cases with circling seizures are presented with their clinical, electroencephalographic and radiological findings. Four patients had symptomatic partial epilepsy, five had cryptogenic partial epilepsy, and the remaining three had idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Three of the patients with symptomatic partial epilepsy had frontal lesion, and one had parito-occipital lesion. Turning direction had no lateralizing value in patients with partial epilepsy. Based on our study we conclude that circling seizures may occur in different epileptic syndromes and epilepsies. In cases with symptomatic partial epilepsy, lesions are mostly located in frontal lobes but also in parietooccipital areas.
Adult↗
A case of Sandifer's syndrome with hand tremor.
A 1.5-month-old boy with Sandifer's syndrome is described. After an uneventful delivery, he presented torticollis, seizure-like dystonic neck movements usually associated with feeding, episodic vomiting, inspiratory stridor and hand tremor in the first month of life. Barium esophagogram demonstrated gastroesophageal reflux, for which medical therapy was started. Children with torticollis and dystonic movements should be evaluated for Sandifer's syndrome. Early diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux may prevent complications.
Fatal Outcome↗