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Biomedical subjects

E Samuel

Publications and source records attributed to E Samuel.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Epidemiology of developmental disorders in children in Tel Aviv].

We assessed the prevalence of developmental disorders, the need for intervention, potential for rehabilitation, and also characterized the risk factors, from files of 1,944 children referred during 1981-1990. The study group consisted of 4.3% of the children born in Tel Aviv during this period. Referral was highest between the ages 3-4 years and the causes for referral were language, speech and communication disorders (38%), global developmental delay (20%), motor disorders (16%), and behavioral and emotional problems (15%). Developmental disorders were more prevalent in boys (M/F ratio 1.8:1). 84% had at least 1 risk factor, either pre/perinatal, social or genetic. 66% had a social risk factor requiring involvement of a community social worker, or a parent with a chronic disease. The principal genetic risk factors were a developmental problem in a sibling, and parental consanguinity. The most common perinatal risk factors were birth weight under 2500 grams, hyperbilirubinemia of the newborn and severe asphyxia. Prognosis was good: 83% had normal intelligence and only 10% had severe disability. Upon discharge from the development center at the age of 5 years only 18% required special schooling, but 63% were referred for continuation of rehabilitation services. This study provides multi-disciplinary information that allows planning of requirements for diagnostic, therapeutic and rehabilitation services in the human, logistic and economic fields.

Child↗
PubMed1987

The role of mammography in the detection of breast cancer.

Attempts to reach a tissue diagnosis of breast masses by the use of X-rays (mammography) proved unsuccessful and, as a consequence, the popularity of the method waned. A more natural and less radical surgical approach to the treatment of breast cancer, coupled with statistical evidence that more favourable results were obtained in early cases (stage I and II) resulted in mammography, which is one of the known methods of detecting early lesions, regaining some of its lost status. Screening programmes of asymptomatic well women by mammography in an attempt to detect early breast lesions has been instituted in many countries and the early results (5 years) have been promising. Newer techniques, including the use of special film screen combinations, microfocus tubes with enlargement techniques and grid carbonfilter cassettes, have all contributed to the improvement in diagnostic accuracy. These advances and the place of mass screening programmes in attempts to control this disease are discussed.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1987

Serotonin (5-HT) uptake by blood platelets in anorexia nervosa.

Platelet serotonin (5-HT) uptake was determined in 15 underweight anorexia nervosa patients and a control group of 15 healthy individuals. The Vmax (picomoles/10(8) platelets/5 min) was 424 +/- 103 in patients and 424 +/- 69 in controls. The Km was 1.19 +/- 0.2 microM in patients and 1.08 +/- 0.17 microM in controls. The differences between the groups were not significant. These findings do not support the hypothesis that serotonin metabolism is disturbed in anorexia nervosa.

Anorexia Nervosa↗
PubMed1987

Radiology of normal and abnormal gastric mucus.

Original surgical methods (selective vagotomy etc.) of lowering acid pepsin production in the stomach for the control of peptic ulceration have been mirrored by medical measures using H-antagonistic drugs. These have resulted in excessive quantities of mucus in the stomach. Such masses of mucus may give rise to pseudotumours in the stomach--mucomas either pure or of mixed type when the mucus is admixed with vegetable fibres. Distinction of these masses from others in the stomach is important for the establishment of correct treatment. The radiological and clinical features seen in six cases of gastric

Adult↗
PubMed1985

X-ray equipment for routine investigations--the WHO Basic Radiological System.

In an attempt to increase the extent and quality of primary medical care, the World Health Organization (WHO) has identified one factor in the need for simple X-ray examinations at the primary health care level. Using modern technology, the WHO has devised an X-ray unit capable of functioning with an 'indifferent' electrical supply. Although simple to use, it is capable of producing excellent radiographs, covering 80% of the radiological examinations required in any hospital or clinic. The relatively low initial outlay for these units, together with their low installation and maintenance costs, makes them ideal for dealing with routine radiography not only in Third World countries but also in countries with more sophisticated medical systems where complex and expensive equipment is all too often unnecessarily used for simple examinations.

Radiation Protection↗
PubMed1982

Clinico-pathological study of testicular involvement in leprosy.

Twenty five patients of lepromatous leprosy were studied clinically and histopathologically for testicular involvement. Testicular pain or swelling was the commonest complaint (68%) followed by sterility (28%) and impotence (4%). Reduced testicular size associated with soft feel was observed in 76% patients. Gynaecomastia was present in 36% and altered sexual hair pattern in 24%. Eleven out of sixteen (69%) patients had oligo/azoospermia. Out of the twenty testicular biopsies 15 (75%) had definite histological evidence of leprous pathology, irrespective of testicular size, semen picture and clinical signs and symptoms. One out of three epididymal biopsies showed minimal changes. Histopathological changes varied markedly, it was not possible to categorize these into vascular, interstitial and obliterative phases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Protein kinases in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Experiments were performed to characterize the protein kinase activity in blood lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Using histone as a substrate, the average specific activity was 397 pmole/min/mg protein. The Km for ATP was 8 muM and for histone 0.3 mg/ml. The addition of optimal concentrations of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) (1 muM) or cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) (10muM) resulted in a 2.2-fold stimulation in activity but had no effect on the Km for ATP or histone. Most of the properties of the CCL protein kinase were similar to those of the normal lymphocyte enzyme. These include the pH response, substrate affinity, as well as rates of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. The phosphorylation pattern of endogenous proteins was determined using intact lymphocytes incubated with 32P and cell-free homogenates with AT32P. These results indicate that: (1) the cyclicnucleotide-protein kinase interactions are unimpaired in CLL lymphocytes; and (2) a sharply defined cyclic nucleotide concentration response occurs for CLL (as well as normal) lymphocytes, which may explain the reports of variable inhibitory (and stimulatory) effects on mitogenesis by these agents.

Cyclic AMP↗
PubMed1979

Grey scale ultrasound in Crohn's disease.

Grey scale ultrasound examination was performed in 20 patients with Crohn's disease of varying extent and severity. In 15 of the 20 patients studied, thickening of the wall of the terminal ileum and caecum, with adjoining inflammatory changes in the mesentery, produced recognisable patterns on longitudinal and transverse ultrasonographs. Grey scale ultrasound, although not providing the specificity or detail of conventional radiology, can be helpful in the assessment of ileocaecal Crohn's disease, particularly in younger patients where the radiation hazards of repeated x-ray examinations are undesirable.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Multiple concentric ring sign in the ultrasonographic diagnosis of intussusception.

Gray scale ultrasound examination of two patients with abdominal space-occupying lesions demonstrated characteristic ring shadows on longitudinal scans. In one case a multiple concentric ring shadow resulted from an ileocolic intussusception, and in the other a "bull's eye" image was due to an infiltrating carcinoma of the pyloric antrum. A study of these patients confirms the suspicion [1] that there is a characteristic ultrasonic appearance of intussusception in bowel loops.

Adenocarcinoma↗