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Biomedical subjects

E Sandvik

Publications and source records attributed to E Sandvik.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

White coat hypertension in a general practice. Prevalence, cardiovascular risk factors and clinical implications.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence of white coat hypertension (WCH) and white coat effect (WCE) in a general practice. Background and biochemical characteristics, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, microalbuminuria, ECG, smoking habits, height and weight of patients with white coat hypertension were compared to patients with sustained hypertension. DESIGN: Blood pressure measurements among mild hypertensives in clinic visits by doctor and at home by the patients. SETTING: A primary health centre in Oslo, Norway. SUBJECTS: Sixty-eight patients with mild hypertension (41 females and 27 males) aged 20-75 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patients had their blood pressure measured in clinic visits by general practitioners and by themselves at home to study the prevalence of WCH and the WCE. WCH was defined as a consistently increased blood pressure in the clinic and a normal home-measured blood pressure. WCE was defined as a difference in mean systolic blood pressure measured by physician and patients of 10 mmHg, or more. An individual risk score for myocardial infarction was calculated. Subjects with and without WCH/WCE were compared in relation to background characteristics and biochemical differences. RESULTS: Fourteen patients (21%) were found with WCH, while 25 (37%) had WCE. Patients with WCH differed significantly from hypertensives in age, total cholesterol, and heart rate. In multivariate analysis, increasing age and heart rate were significant negative predictors for WHC. CONCLUSION: WCH may be a significant clinical challenge in general practice, especially among younger patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Home blood pressure measurement in general practice patients].

In 68 consecutive patients with mild hypertension, blood pressure was measured by general practitioners during visits to the clinic, by nurse and by the patients at home. Mean age was 50 years (SD: 11) for both genders and 60% were women. Blood pressure and heart rate were significantly higher when measured by physicians than by nurse and patient (p < 0.01). During the study period of six weeks a significant decrease in blood pressures was registered by both physicians and patients. The study demonstrates the feasibility of home blood pressure monitoring as a part of the practice to diagnose hypertension in general practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Effect of angiotensin II receptor blockade on fibrinolysis during acute hyperinsulinemia in patients with essential hypertension.

We performed the present study to investigate indirectly the in vivo effects of angiotensin II on fibrinolysis and catecholamines by treatment with losartan, a selective angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. The effects were evaluated in basal conditions as well as in two different models of acute hyperinsulinemia physiologically induced by oral glucose ingestion and by a euglycemic glucose clamp technique. Twenty subjects with moderate hypertension were included in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study of 4-week treatment periods. Plasma levels of catecholamines, tissue plasminogen activator activity and antigen, and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 activity and antigen were unchanged in the basal state after 4 weeks of treatment. During both models of hyperinsulinemia, plasminogen activator inhibitor activity and antigen decreased significantly (both P<.001), and tissue plasminogen activator activity increased significantly (P<.Ol). Norepinephrine did not change during any of the procedures, whereas epinephrine increased significantly after 3 hours of the oral glucose tolerance test. Changes from baseline did not differ between the treatment and placebo regimens during the hyperinsulinemic procedures with regard to either of the fibrinolytic variables or the catecholamines. In conclusion, we could not demonstrate any effects of 4 weeks of treatment with losartan on plasma levels of fibrinolytic variables or catecholamines either in basal conditions or during acute hyperinsulinemia. However, the present findings do not preclude more direct effects of angiotensin II or involvement of other receptor subtypes on fibrinolysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Gender differences in negative affect and well-being: the case for emotional intensity.

Affect intensity (AI) may reconcile 2 seemingly paradoxical findings: Women report more negative affect than men but equal happiness as men. AI describes people's varying response intensity to identical emotional stimuli. A college sample of 66 women and 34 men was assessed on both positive and negative affect using 4 measurement methods: self-report, peer report, daily report, and memory performance. A principal-components analysis revealed an affect balance component and an AI component. Multimeasure affect balance and AI scores were created, and t tests were computed that showed women to be as happy as and more intense than men. Gender accounted for less than 1% of the variance in happiness but over 13% in AI. Thus, depression findings of more negative affect in women do not conflict with well-being findings of equal happiness across gender. Generally, women's more intense positive emotions balance their higher negative affect.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Further validation of the Satisfaction with Life Scale: evidence for the cross-method convergence of well-being measures.

The structure of subjective well-being has been conceptualized as consisting of two major components: the emotional or affective component and the judgmental or cognitive component (Diener, 1984; Veenhoven, 1984). The judgmental component has also been conceptualized as life satisfaction (Andrews & Withey, 1976). Although the affective component of subjective well-being has received considerable attention from researchers, the judgmental component has been relatively neglected. The Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS; Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985) was developed as a measure of the judgmental component of subjective well-being (SWB). Two studied designed to validate further the SWLS are reported. Peer reports, a memory measure, and clinical ratings are used as external criteria for validation. Evidence for the reliability and predictive validity of the SWLS is presented, and its performance is compared to other related scales. The SWLS is shown to be a valid and reliable measure of life satisfaction, suited for use with a wide range of age groups and applications, which makes possible the savings of interview time and resources compared to many measures of life satisfaction. In addition, the high convergence of self- and peer-reported measures of subjective well-being and life satisfaction provide strong evidence that subjective well-being is a relatively global and stable phenomenon, not simply a momentary judgment based on fleeting influences.

Adult↗