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Biomedical subjects

E Sarkkinen

Publications and source records attributed to E Sarkkinen.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Glycemic responses of oat bran products in type 2 diabetic patients.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Cereal products with low postprandial glycemic response are encouraged in the management of hyperglycemia. In this study, we determined the postprandial glycemic response of two different oat bran products in patients with type 2 diabetes. In addition, we investigated the effects of oat bran flour on postprandial glucose response following an oral glucose load. METHODS AND RESULTS: A randomized, controlled, repeated measures design with two test series was used. Twelve type 2 diabetic patients participated in five 2-h meal glucose tolerance tests on separate occasions. Volunteers were given in random order oat bran flour, oat bran crisp and glucose load providing 12.5 g glycemic carbohydrate (series 1), 25 g glucose load alone and 25 g glucose load with 30 g oat bran flour (series 2). Finger-prick capillary blood analysis was carried out fasting and then 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min after the start of the meal. The oat bran flour had a lower 0-120 min area under the glucose response curve (AUC) (47+/-45 mmol min/L) than the glucose load (118+/-40 mmol min/L) (p<0.002), but there was no difference between the oat bran crisp (93+/-41 mmol min/L) and the glucose load in this respect. The oat bran flour decreased the glucose excursion from baseline by 1.6 mmol/l (2.4, 0.8) (mean (95% CI)) and 1.5 mmol/l (2.0, 1.1) at 30 and 45 min after the glucose load, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Oat bran flour high in beta-glucan had a low glycemic response and acted as an active ingredient decreasing postprandial glycemic response of an oral glucose load in subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Do combined elimination diet and prolonged breastfeeding of an atopic infant jeopardise maternal bone health?

BACKGROUND: Prolonged breastfeeding, and intervention in the maternal diet during breastfeeding, have been suggested as a means to treat atopic symptoms of infants. The impact of these actions on the mother's skeletal health has remained unclear. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine factors that are associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and serum lipid fatty acid profile in mothers of atopic infants. METHODS: BMD at the lumbar spine, right femoral neck and dominant distal radius of 24 mothers of atopic infants (study group) and 25 mothers of healthy infants (control group) were measured with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry postpartum after the resumption of menses. In addition, the fatty acid profile of their serum cholesteryl esters was determined. RESULTS: A systematic trend for 4-6% lower BMD was observed in the study group, but this difference was mainly attributable to a difference in body weight between the groups. In addition, the omega (omega)-3 fatty acid metabolite EPA showed a positive association with femoral neck BMD. Mothers of atopic infants had a significantly lower proportion of omega-6 fatty acid parent LA and a higher proportion of omega-6 fatty acid metabolite GLA than the control mothers. These differences were associated not only with dietary factors but also with the duration of postpartum amenorrhea and total lactation. CONCLUSIONS: Neither the breastfeeding nor the mother's short-term elimination diet per se seemed to be associated with low BMD in the mothers of atopic infants. Thus, if an elimination diet benefits the infant, it can be recommended for a limited period. However, it may be advisable to give special dietary counselling, especially to low body weight mothers, in order to ensure adequate nutrient intake and to minimize the possible risk of potential bone loss.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Effect of apolipoprotein E polymorphism on serum lipid response to the separate modification of dietary fat and dietary cholesterol.

BACKGROUND: The magnitude of the influence of the apolipoprotein (apo) E genotype on the lipid response to different cholesterol-lowering diet modifications has been controversial. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of apo E genotype on serum lipid response to the separate modification of dietary fat and cholesterol. DESIGN: A prospective study design with the 3 main apo E genotype groups (3/3, 3/4, and 4/4; n = 15 in each group) was used. Groups were matched for sex, age, body mass index, menopausal status, and baseline serum cholesterol concentration. Subjects followed 3 different diets in fixed order: 1) a standardized baseline diet (38% fat, 300 mg cholesterol/d), 2) a modified National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) diet (34% fat, 265 mg cholesterol/d), and 3) the modified NCEP diet + cholesterol (566 mg cholesterol/d). Subjects were middle-aged (50.9 +/- 8.0 y) and mildly hypercholesterolemic (6.55 +/- 1.05 mmol/L). RESULTS: The genotype groups differed in their total cholesterol response to the NCEP diet; the mean (95% CI) decrease being greatest, -14.1% (-19.8%, -8.6% ), in subjects with apo E genotype 4/4 (P = 0.03, analysis of variance). The increase in total cholesterol after addition of 300 mg cholesterol was also greatest in subjects with apo E 4/4 [10.4% (5.8%, 15.1%)] (P = 0.03, analysis of variance). CONCLUSIONS: Apo E genotype modified the lipid response to changes in both dietary fat and cholesterol in mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects; the response was greatest in subjects with apo E genotype 4/4 and even a moderate increase in dietary cholesterol resulted in a 10% elevation in serum total cholesterol in them.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The effects of monounsaturated-fat enriched diet and polyunsaturated-fat enriched diet on lipid and glucose metabolism in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance.

OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTS: The effects of a high-fat, monounsaturated-fat enriched (Mono) diet and a reduced-fat, polyunsaturated-fat enriched (Poly) diet on lipid and glucose metabolism were compared in 31 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. DESIGN AND INTERVENTIONS: After 3 weeks on a Run-in diet (37; 18:11:5, indicating energy percentages from total fat; saturated:monounsaturated:polyunsaturated fatty acids in the actual diets) subjects were randomized into a Poly-diet (34; 11:10:10) or a Mono-diet (40; 11:19:8) for 8 weeks. RESULTS: In the Mono group fasting plasma glucose (mean +/- SD) was lower after the test diet than after the run-in period (6.4 +/- 1.3 vs 6.0 +/- 0.8 mmol/L, 0 vs 8 weeks, P = 0.008), but remained unchanged in the Poly group (6.2 +/- 0.6 vs 6.1 +/- 0.7 mmol/L). Glucose effectiveness (SG), insulin sensitivity index and the first phase insulin response in an intravenous glucose tolerance test did not change significantly during either of the diets, but at the end of the study SG was higher in the Mono group than in the Poly group (P = 0.013). Serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B decreased in the Mono group, while in the Poly group only serum total cholesterol decreased significantly. However, the mean changes in serum lipids and lipoproteins did not differ significantly between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: In free-living subjects with impaired glucose tolerance both the Mono-diet and the Poly-diet consumed after a saturated-fat enriched Run-in diet improved serum lipid profile and the Mono-diet seemed to improve glucose metabolism as well.

Body Mass Index↗
PubMed1994

Effects of two high-fat diets with different fatty acid compositions on glucose and lipid metabolism in healthy young women.

Effects of two experimental diets with a relatively high fat content--one enriched with saturated fatty acids (SAFA-diet) and the other with a low content of erucic acid rapeseed oil and rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA-diet)--on glucose and lipid metabolism were examined in healthy young women. The study was carried out with a randomized, crossover study design with each diet lasting 3 wk and a 2-wk washout period between the experimental diets. Glucose area under the curve during the intravenous glucose tolerance test (glucose dose 300 mg/kg, plasma samples before glucose dose and at 10-min intervals for 90 min) was significantly lower and the glucose disappearance rate after a glucose injection tended to be steeper after the MUFA-diet than after the SAFA-diet. After the MUFA-diet serum total cholesterol was 21.6% lower and serum low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol 29.5% lower than after the SAFA-diet, but high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol did not differ between the diets. The results give suggestive evidence that the dietary fatty acid composition affects glucose tolerance of healthy subjects.

Adult↗