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Biomedical subjects

E Savin

Publications and source records attributed to E Savin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Intra- and extracranial artery blood velocity during a sudden blood pressure decrease in humans.

The intra- and extracerebral Doppler artery blood velocity responses to a 10-mmHg abrupt blood pressure (BP) decrease in ten healthy men were studied. This decrease was obtained using two cuffs placed over both thighs. First, cuffs were inflated to pressures greater than the arterial BP for 5 min. Next, they were deflated to 60 mmHg in order to prevent venous return from the legs. We obtained a decrease in mean arterial BP of from 101 (10) to 90 (10) mmHg [mean (SD), P < 0.01] without modifications in the heart rate [HR, 88 (14) beats min-1]. Middle cerebral artery mean blood velocity (MCAmv) decreased immediately from 50 (10) to 42 (12) cm s-1 (P < 0.05). Simultaneously, temporal superficial artery mean blood velocity (TSAmv) decreased from 11 (3) to 7 (2) cm s-1 (P < 0.05) and common carotid artery blood flow (CCAbf) decreased from 305 (23) to 233 (33) ml min-1 (P < 0.05). After 5 s, MCAmv and CCAbf returned to baseline values, whereas TSAmv [8 (2) cm s-1], mean arterial BP [86 (10) mmHg] remained low and HR increased [92 (12) beats min-1]. TSAmv, BP and HR returned to baseline values in 1 min. These data confirm that cerebral blood flow (CBF) is very rapidly regulated but that blood flow in extracranial territories is not and that it follows the arterial BP changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Evidence of fetal cerebral vasodilatation induced by submaximal maternal dynamic exercise in human pregnancy.

To investigate the relationship between maternal exercise and fetal circulatory responses in humans during the third trimester of pregnancy, changes in uterine, umbilical and fetal cerebral circulations were measured by pulsed-Doppler ultrasound method in 14 healthy volunteer pregnant women before and just after a moderate non-exhaustive exercise. Maternal heart rate increased significantly reaching 80% of the theoretical maximal heart rate (TMHR) while uterine resistance indices did not change. The fetal heart rate and umbilical mean velocity were unchanged while umbilical resistance index decreased slightly (0.58 +/- 0.06 versus 0.62 +/- 0.07, P < 0.05). The fetal internal carotid artery mean velocity increased (23.2 +/- 5.3 versus 20.4 +/- 4.1 cm/s, P < 0.02) and the cerebral resistance index decreased (0.71 +/- 0.11 versus 0.80 +/- 0.10, P < 0.01). We conclude that submaximal maternal exercise at 80% of TMHR does not significantly alter uterine perfusion but involves a slight fetal cerebral vasodilation which could be due to a moderate fetal hemoglobin desaturation.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Non-invasive test for aortic compliance in man].

We determined the compliance of the aortic "Windkessel" using a non-invasive method. The occlusion of the lower extremities (5 min, 180 mm Hg) elicited reactive hyperemia. An abrupt change in pressure in the occluding cuffs from 180 to 60 mm Hg increased femoral blood flow (measured by pulsed Doppler) and decreased blood pressure (measured by Penaz continuous method). During abrupt decrease in blood pressure, the compliance was calculated as a ratio of the blood volume flowing out of the aorta via the femoral arteries to the decrease of blood pressure. The measurements were made repeatedly in eight healthy men, and in patients with essential hypertension (ten patients with essential hypertension, IInd degree-WHO without treatment and six patients with essential hypertension, IInd degree-WHO treated with slow released verapamil). Compliance in the first group was 1.18 +/- 0.25 ml. mm Hg-1, in the second 0.96 +/- 0.21 ml. mm Hg-1, and in the third group 0.90 +/- 0.11 ml. mm Hg-1. We found a negative correlation between compliance and arterial blood pressure. However the relative large scatter requires repeated measurements.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Influence of posture on middle cerebral artery mean flow velocity in humans.

We determined middle cerebral artery, common carotid artery and temporal superficial artery Doppler derived flow velocities in ten subjects for 10 min after change in posture. Maximal changes were observed after about 3 min. The 10 degrees head-down tilt position increased blood velocities in the common carotid artery by 13% (SD 4)% (P < 0.001), in the middle cerebral artery by 6% (SD 3)% (P < 0.001) and in the superficial temporal artery by 70% (SD 26)% (P < 0.001). In the standing position, there was an 18% (SD 9)% (P < 0.001) decrease in the common carotid blood velocities, with 14% (SD 6)% (P < 0.001) and 53% (SD 23)% (P < 0.001) reductions in the middle cerebral and superficial temporal artery velocities, respectively. At 9 min after the changes in posture, velocities in the middle cerebral artery were at the value of supine rest, whereas the common carotid blood velocity was not completely restored and deviations in the temporal artery velocity persisted. The data would suggest that cerebral blood flow is regulated with some delay and that such regulation is partially reflected in the common artery blood flow, since changes in a branch of the external carotid artery flow velocity remained.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Vasomotor effects of transcutaneous CO2 in stage II peripheral occlusive arterial disease.

Vasomotor effects of skin exposure to carbon dioxide (CO2) have been described in normal subjects. It was of interest, therefore, to determine whether percutaneous CO2 is of therapeutic benefit. In a randomized, double-blind study, 10 patients with lower limb arteriopathy (stage II) were investigated before and after local exposure for twenty minutes to CO2-rich spa gas or to water-vapor-saturated air at the same temperature as that CO2-rich spa gas. Brachial and femoral blood flows, brachial and posterior tibial artery pressures, heart rate, and chest and foot transcutaneous oxygen tensions (tcPO2) were determined. Femoral blood flow, tibial pressure, and foot tcPO2 were significantly increased after exposure of the skin to CO2-rich spa gas. This effect was not accompanied with systemic hemodynamic modifications. Water-vapor-saturated air had no effect. These results suggest that transfer of CO2 across the skin can have beneficial local vasomotor effects in patients with lower limb stage II arteriopathy.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1993

Relationship between birth weight and umbilical Doppler blood flow velocity waveforms during the third trimester of pregnancy.

OBJECTIVES: The Doppler ultrasound method for recording blood flow velocity waveforms in the fetal umbilical arteries is now widely used as an indicator of fetal well-being. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of umbilical placental resistance level on fetal growth development. METHODS: Maximal flow velocity waveforms were recorded from the umbilical artery in 108 pregnant women including 50 with normal pregnancies, 3 with previous death in utero, and 55 with moderate arterial hypertension corrected by resting only. All the newborn infants had a normal birth weight (BW between the 10th and the 90th percentile for the gestational age at birth). Doppler measurements were performed between 25 to 38 weeks of gestation. The placental resistance index (PRI) derived from blood flow velocity measurements was determined. RESULTS: Data were grouped in two-week intervals according to the age of gestation at Doppler examination. We found an inverse close relationship between BW and PRI which can be described by a linear function of PRI in each interval. BW increased with the decrease in PRI. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that umbilical placental resistance level determines fetal growth development and birth weight during pregnancies without placental insufficiency.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1990

Peritonitis-related deaths in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients.

A total of 636 episodes of peritonitis occurred in 440 patients who entered our continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) program from September 1977 to February 1988. Sixteen patients (8 male and 8 female, aged 37-77 years) died during an episode of peritonitis (fatality rate 2.5%). They had been on CAPD for 3 to 105 (average 39) months. Six of them were diabetics. The peritonitis rate among these 16 patients were 1 episode per 12 patient months, while the corresponding figure for the whole (440) CAPD population was 14 patient months. Risk factors present in the 16 patients were: cardiovascular disease (12), cerebrovascular accident (2) peripheral artery disease (1) and pulmonary fibrosis (1). Fever and leukocytosis were present on admission in 11 patients, while total serum proteins and albumin were significantly lower (p less than 0.001) than the corresponding values before peritonitis (56 +/- 8 vs. 65 +/- 5). Staph. aureus was isolated in 8 patients (50%), multiple organisms in 6, Pseudomonas and Candida albicans in 1 each. An abdominal abscess was found in 4 (25%) patients. The peritoneal catheter was removed between the 5th and 10th day in 6 and after the 10th day in 7 patients. Peritonitis with sepsis was the cause of death in 13 patients. Contributing factors were cardiovascular accident in 9, uremic coma in 2, extensive GI bleeding in 2, GI perforation in 2, intestinal infarction in 1, and pneumonia in 2 patients. We conclude that the risk of peritonitis-related death in CAPD patients is increased with Staph. aureus or multibacterial peritonitis. Contributing factors are concomitant cardiovascular disease and delayed (greater than 5 days) catheter removal.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed1989

Ring chromosome in a patient with MEN IIA S.

Three patients with MEN IIA S belonging to the same family, which has five affected subjects in two generations, have been studied. Constitutional karyotype examination identified an extra ring chromosome in 3% of the cells in one of the affected subjects. The number of rings for each cell varied, and different evolutionary aspects of the ring, such as doubling and interlocking, were present. Furthermore, asynchronous DNA replication of doubling rings was observed. This nonhomogeneous, nonrandom chromosome abnormality found in normal tissue of patients with MEN IIA S could be indicative of sensitivity to structural alteration of some chromosome regions.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Comparison of humeral blood flow during rewarming and recooling of the hand in normal subjects or presenting Raynaud's phenomenon].

Vascular reactivity to heat and cold was studied in 11 normal subjects without vascular disease and in 23 patients with Raynaud's phenomenon (etiologies: Raynaud's disease, scleroderma, thoracic outlet syndrome). The study of hand and digital temperatures and brachial artery blood flow was performed in ambiant conditions (room temperature 23.5 +/- 1 degree C) and after thermal (cold or warm exposure: 10, 33 and 40 degrees C), mechanical and metabolic modifications (with a wrist tourniquet). In these conditions, blood flow was studied at each temperature, before, during and after 3 minutes ischemia of the hand. Analysis of results showed that vasomotricity possibilities were preserved but that responses were not identical. Patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon, and even more those with scleroderma as well, had reduced brachial artery blood flow after cooling (10 degrees C). After ischemia, maximal blood flow was also reduced. The microcirculatory disease existing in Raynaud's phenomenon limits the vasodilator capacity of hand vessels, but probably more in tissues with vascular lesions. Vasodilation seems to be limited during exposure to low well as high temperatures, but vasoconstriction capacity is not disturbed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Blood flow through the brachial artery at different temperatures in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon.

Blood flow through the brachial and radial artery at different temperatures and during reactive hyperaemia was measured in 23 patients with Raynaud's phenomenon (9 patients with Raynaud's disease, 7 - Raynaud's syndrome with thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS), and 8 - Raynaud's syndrome and scleroderma), and 11 control subjects. Blood flow was determined by an ALVAR pulse-wave Doppler system enabling measurement of vessel diameter and blood flow rate. The measurements suggest that the blood flow through brachial artery reflects the changes of blood flow through the hand immersed in water of different temperatures. Maximum vasoconstriction was the same in all groups of Raynaud's phenomenon. The lowest blood flow at higher temperatures and during reactive hyperaemia was found in patients with scleroderma, whereas in the group of TOS and partly in patients with Raynaud's disease one can suspect only functional changes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Effects of bisoprolol on local vascular resistance.

Changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, arterial blood flow and vascular resistance in the arm and in the leg were investigated in 9 healthy volunteers (22-40 years) after oral dosing with bisoprolol 10 mg, propranolol 40 mg, and placebo in a randomized double-blind cross-over study. Arterial blood flow and vascular resistance were determined in brachial and femoral arteries with unimpeded circulation, after exclusion of the hand or foot by placing a tourniquet on the wrist or ankle, and during post-ischaemic hyperaemia. Distal arterial occlusion allows one to isolate a predominantly muscular circulation in the forearm or, to a lesser extent, in the leg. Both active drugs induced a significant fall in heart rate and systolic blood pressure versus placebo with no significant difference between the drugs. Brachial and femoral flow rates were reduced by both drugs probably due to a fall in cardiac output, but the two beta blockers produced different effects on vascular resistance: propranolol significantly increased brachial vascular resistance compared with placebo and bisoprolol, both during unimpeded circulation and during occlusion of the hand by a wrist tourniquet. Bisoprolol had no influence on brachial vascular resistance. Both drugs induced small increases in femoral vascular resistance. The different action on local vascular resistance in the brachial artery territory could be interpreted as the expression of the high beta 1 selectivity of bisoprolol leaving the vascular beta 2 receptors unopposed, whereas non-selective propranolol acts on both beta-adrenoceptor subtypes.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1987

Translocation X;13 in a patient with retinoblastoma.

We describe the clinical and cytogenetic findings in a child with retinoblastoma and a translocation between chromosomes X and 13. The X;13 translocation in this patient does not involve band 13q14, the assigned locus for retinoblastoma.

Chromosome Banding↗
PubMed1985

Quantitative Doppler blood flow measurement method and in vivo calibration.

Femoral blood flow (FBF) was measured in seven dogs, simultaneously with both an electromagnetic perivascular probe and a transcutaneous range gated Doppler velocimeter. Measurements were made in basal conditions and during intraarterial infusions of noradrenaline (10 to 400 ng . kg-1 . min-1) and isoprenaline (10 to 400 ng . kg-1 . min-1) thus allowing comparisons of ultrasonic (DBF) and electromagnetic (EMBF) blood flow at 91 different blood flow rates ranging from 5 to 300 cm3 . min-1. The linear regression line through the data of ultrasonic and electromagnetic simultaneous measurement was: DBF = 0.8 + 1.016 EMBF +/- 19.0 cm3 . min-1 with a highly significant correlation (r = 0.96, p less than 0.001) but there was a wide scattering about the mean. Errors in DBF were mainly due to positioning of the probe and determination of arterial diameter.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Cytogenetic findings in 4952 prenatal diagnoses. An Italian collaborative study.

The development of prenatal diagnosis in Italy was made difficult by the restrictions of the old abortion law and only in recent years has a consistent number of cases been investigated. We report the experience on prenatal chromosome diagnosis of ten Italian centers participating in a collaborative study on 4952 diagnoses performed from 1972 to 1980. The main indication groups were: advanced maternal age (2882 cases), previous child with chromosome anomaly from parents with normal karyotype (847 cases), and chromosome anomaly in one parent (97 cases). The other indications for amniocentesis, including cases without a cytogenetic risk, have been assembled into a "miscellaneous" group (1126 cases). We found 125 abnormal fetal karyotypes (2.5%) of which 89 were unbalanced (1.8%). The frequencies and types of chromosome anomalies are reported in detail for each indication group and are compared with the corresponding one from the European Munich Conference. The great majority of these Italian data were not included in the Munich report.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1974

[Study of left ventricular function in valvular cardiopathies (mitral insufficiency and aortic insufficiency].

A study of the left ventricular function based on the haemodynamic data combined with those provided by biplane cineangiography was performed in 35 cases with left ventricular volume overload (20 cases of mitral incompetence and 15 of aortic insufficiency). The importance of the haemodynamic changes and of the adaptation mechanisms set up were described. The more intense dilatation-hypertrophy of aortic incompetence than of mitral incompetence plays an essential part. The role of Starling's mechanism is underlined. Estimation of the contractile value of the myocardium, taken into account the mechanical overload and the conditions of late-diastolic lengthening of the fibre and of impedance to left ventricular ejection was determined. An obvious myocardial failure, demonstrated in approximately one third of the cases, by determination of some contractility indices estimated in the ejection phase, Vf sigma max in particular, the only one valid in the presence of valvular regurgitation. In the other cases, the moderate decrease of myocardial contractility was masked by compensatory mechanisms.

Adolescent↗