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E Schuman

Publications and source records attributed to E Schuman.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

A role for a rat homolog of staufen in the transport of RNA to neuronal dendrites.

RNAs are present in dendrites and may be used for local protein synthesis in response to synaptic activity. To begin to understand dendritic RNA targeting, we cloned a rat homolog of staufen, a Drosophila gene that participates in mRNA targeting during development. In hippocampal neurons, rat staufen protein displays a microtubule-dependent somatodendritic distribution pattern that overlaps with dendritic RNAs. To determine whether r-staufen is required for dendritic RNA targeting, we constructed a mutant version containing the RNA binding domains (stau-RBD) but lacking the C-terminal portion potentially involved in dendritic targeting. Stau-RBD expression was restricted to the cell bodies and proximal dendrites. Expression of stau-RBD significantly decreased, while overexpression of wild-type r-staufen increased, the amount of dendritic mRNA. Taken together, these results suggest that the rat staufen protein plays an important role in the delivery of RNA to dendrites.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Peripheral ports are a new option for central venous access.

BACKGROUND: Peripheral ports represent a new option for central venous access that have a low complication rate while providing long duration. This study provides five years of evaluation of this device. STUDY DESIGN: All patients had follow-up evaluation concurrently, with detailed information collected for the first 70 patients. Data were maintained by a nurse specialist team with periodic questionnaires sent to treating physicians for follow-up information. Port duration, complications, ease of placement, patient and staff acceptance, and comparative costs were evaluated. Methods of placement evolved during the past five years and culminated in the described approach. RESULTS: One hundred forty ports were evaluated. The mean duration was 343 days, with 45 ports in place longer than one year. The median port duration in patients without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was 950 days. The overall complication rate was 1.76/1,000 days. The infection rate was very low at 0.32/1,000 days, and the rate of phlebitis was 0.16/1,000 days. Only 9 percent of the ports were removed for complications, which included infection and thrombosis. Because of the ease of insertion, 80 percent of the ports are placed outside the hospital, allowing for cost savings when compared with central ports. CONCLUSIONS: Peripheral ports as a means of central venous access have been highly successful in our experience. These devices have been very well accepted by the patients and nursing staff.

Arm↗
PubMed1994

Thrombolysis versus thrombectomy for occluded hemodyalisis grafts.

Graft thrombosis is the most frequent complication of polytetrafluoroethylene grafts for hemodialysis. Many of these patients arrive at the dialysis unit with fluid and metabolic abnormalities that require prompt dialysis. Rapid declotting of the graft is important to avoid having to create temporary access. Thrombolysis with urokinase has been evaluated by recent retrospective studies and found to be successful in 60% to 90% of cases. Our prospective, randomized trial was initiated to compare thrombolysis with standard surgical thrombectomy; and to evaluate the safety, effectiveness, efficiency, and durability of these modalities. In this study, 15 patients underwent thrombolysis and 16 had thrombectomy. The success rate was 67% for the thrombolysis group compared with 94% for the surgical group. Patency rates were similar for both modalities, but the complication rates were higher and the time to completion longer with thrombolysis. Although both treatments can be used successfully, surgical thrombectomy remains the optimal choice for treating occluded dialysis grafts.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Patient adherence to guidelines for diabetes eye care: results from the diabetic eye disease follow-up study.

Early detection and treatment of diabetic eye disease can prevent blindness, yet many persons with diabetes lack regular eye care. This study followed 569 people with diabetes participating in blindness prevention programs during 1985 through 1987; it was found that 35% of subjects received dilated eye examinations before entering the programs, in comparison with 60% afterward. About 85% of participants referred for proliferative retinopathy treatment began such treatment, and, of these, 85% completed treatment. A lack of knowledge about the disease and limited finances were primary reasons for nonadherence. To improve the effectiveness of prevention programs, eye care providers and program staff must strive to eliminate these educational and financial barriers.

Black People↗
PubMed1992

Biliary complications related to laparoscopic cholecystectomies: radiologic diagnosis and management.

The purpose of this study was to review the radiologic presentations and management of biliary complications related to laparoscopic cholecystectomies. Additionally, a computed tomography (CT) evaluation of asymptomatic postsurgical patients was performed to determine the uncomplicated appearance of the gallbladder fossa. Over a 24-month period 23 biliary complications were seen in patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomies (group 1). Twenty asymptomatic patients were examined with unenhanced CT examinations after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (group 2). Twenty patients in group I had bilomas located in the gallbladder fossa (n = 9), subhepatic (n = 7) and subphrenic (n = 2) spaces, and diffusely distributed in the peritoneal cavity (n = 2). The bile leaks were presumed to have been proved to be from the cystic duct (n = 19), right hepatic duct (n = 1), and common bile duct n = 3) injuries and leaks. Fourteen drains were placed percutaneously using CT (n = 12) or sonographic (n = 2) guidance, and in two cases drains were placed surgically. The duration of catheter drainage average 11.3 days. Six patients underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedures, including sphincterotomy (n = 6) and stent placement (n = 3). Patients who were treated with a drain or ERCP procedures or who were managed conservatively all recovered without the need for additional surgery. In five cases, the bile cultures were positive for multiple organisms. Three patients underwent surgical repairs for disrupted common bile ducts. In group 2 CT examinations showed minimal fluid densities in all patients. No evidence of distinct, well-demarcated fluid collection was seen in any of the 20 patients. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Bile↗
PubMed1991

Protein kinase C inhibitors prevent induction and continued expression of cell memory in Hermissenda type B photoreceptors.

Injections of cAMP-dependent, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent, or Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent protein kinases into Hermissenda crassicornis type B photoreceptors are sufficient to induce many of the changes in B-cell excitability produced by associative conditioning. We report that inhibitors of Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent protein kinases, but not inhibitors of cyclic nucleotide- or Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases, prevent the induction as well as continued expression of learning-produced changes in type-B-cell excitability: reductions of voltage-dependent and Ca2(+)-activated K+ currents. Our results represent a direct demonstration of long-term (days) experientially induced modulation of ion-channel activity that is dependent upon persistent kinase activity.

1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine↗
PubMed1987

Vascular access options for outpatient cancer therapy.

Knowledge of the abilities and limitations of various access devices can help the surgeon decide which is best matched to an individual cancer patient receiving outpatient therapy. Implanted ports have become the mainstay of long-term treatment. Hickman catheters are useful for long-term nutritional support and pain control when parenteral narcotics are required. Long-arm catheters and central venous catheters can be utilized for short-term therapy. Proper utilization of the various vascular access devices can optimize patient care in a cost-effective manner.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1986

Perforation of the colon in the immunocompromised patient.

Perforation of the colon in the immunocompromised patient is a catastrophic and usually fatal event. The immunocompromised patient, like all patients, may suffer from the more common causes of colonic perforation, including diverticulitis, chronic inflammatory bowel disease, presence of a foreign body, and trauma. There also appears to be in these patients the unusual occurrence of spontaneous perforation, particularly in patients with renal allografts or on dialysis. In a retrospective multi-hospital review, 10 cases of apparent spontaneous perforation were found. The pathogenesis is unclear, but predisposing factors include immunosuppressive medications, uremia, discrete colon ulcerations, and fecal impaction. The reported mortality rate approaches 100 percent due to delayed recognition and impaired host defense mechanisms. In our patients, mortality was 40 percent. We attribute this improved survival to prompt surgical intervention and aggressive postoperative management, including daily dialysis, parenteral hyperalimentation, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and a high index of suspicion for ongoing sepsis with early repeat exploration.

Adult↗