Biomedical subjects

E Segurado

Publications and source records attributed to E Segurado.

12 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1996

Cross-reactivity between a penicillin and a cephalosporin with the same side chain.

BACKGROUND: The cross-reactivity between penicillins and cephalosporins can be influenced by different factors, which are not all well known. The chemical structure of the side chain may contribute to the cross-reactivity. OBJECTIVE: The study was carried out in allergic subjects who are selectively responsive to amoxicillin to determine allergenic cross-reactivity with a cephalosporin containing a side chain identical to that of amoxicillin, cefadroxil, and one containing a different side chain, cefamandole. METHODS: Allergic subjects with a selective response to amoxicillin were chosen according to the following criteria: history of an immediate allergic reaction to amoxicillin, negative skin test responses to benzylpenicilloyl and minor determinant mixture of benzylpenicillin, negative RAST response to benzylpenicilloyl, and good tolerance to benzylpenicillin and phenoxymethyl penicillin challenges. In addition, subjects had to have a positive skin test response to amoxicillin and/or positive RAST response to amoxicilloyl or, if these test results were negative, a positive challenge test response to amoxicillin. In vivo cross-reactivity to cefadroxil was assessed by giving oral cefadroxil at increasing doses from 5 to 500 mg. In vitro cross-reactivity was determined by RAST inhibition studies with amoxicilloyl RAST disks and the following monomeric conjugates in the fluid phase: amoxicillin-butylamine, cefadroxil-butylamine, and the side chain para-hydroxy-phenylglycine. Tolerance to cefamandole was determined by giving 100 mg and then 500 mg parenterally. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients with a selective response to amoxicillin were included in the study. Eight subjects (38%) had a positive response to cefadroxil, and none reacted to cefamandole. In vitro RAST inhibition studies indicated that cefadroxil-butylamine monomers cross-reacted with amoxicillin butylamine and the side chain contributed relevantly to the inhibition. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the percentage of cross-reactivity between penicillins and cephalosporins with an identical side chain is high and that this critical part of the molecule seems to be an important contributor to these results. The value is higher than previously reported data from similar studies of non-side-chain-related cephalosporins.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

[Rotavirus infection: clinical characteristics and time of elimination of the rotavirus antigen in the feces].

BACKGROUND: A prospective study was performed during three years with 76 children hospitalized with the diagnose of rotaviral gastroenteritis. The aim of our study were to evaluate the clinical features of the rotaviral gastroenteritis, the excretion time of rotavirus in stools and the nosocomial rotavirus infection. METHODS: The detection of the rotaviral antigen in stool was performed using a rapid test based on latex aglutination (Rotalex). For the determination of the excretion time of rotavirus in stools the test was performed daily in 69 children until the results was negative. Furthermore, a clinical study of the patients was carried out. RESULTS: In 39 cases (51.3%) the gastroenteritis was acquired in the community and 37 cases (48.7%) were nosocomially acquired. The most frequent clinical presentation was an acute diarrhea (96%) with vomiting (63.2%) and fever (63.2%). Only three patients did not have diarrhea. The mean duration of diarrhea was between 3-4 days with a highest duration of 10 days. Most of the patients (58%) had an excretion time of rotaviral antigen lower or equal than 3 days, with an extreme value of 14 days. CONCLUSIONS: In our study rotaviral infection occurred mainly in the cooler winter months and in children younger than 6 months of age. A high nosocomial infection level (48.7%) was detected. Vomiting often preceded the onset of diarrhea and fever. The excretion time of rotaviral antigen was independent of the clinical course.

Antigens, Viral↗

PubMed1979

[Etiology of hypertonic dehydration (author's transl)].

A revision of the ethiology in hypertonic dehydration of 80 infants admitted in the Clínica Infantil "La Paz", between 1972--1973 is made. The most important ethiological factors were: hyperconcentrated food (86% in neonates), vomiting, diarrhoea, increase of insensible water loss (respiratory, fever). The etiopathogenic and physiopathologic bases of hyperconcentrated diet in the development of hypertonic dehydration in accordance with "solute overload" to neonatal kidney are discussed. The autoperpetuation mechanisms of hypertonic dehydration are also discussed.

Dehydration↗

PubMed1979

[Clinical evolution and severe complications of hypertonic dehydration in 80 infants (author's transl)].

Authors analyse incidence of age, sex and weight in a group of 80 infants with severe hypertonic dehydration. The highest frequency occurs in the first month of life (50%). They study the clinical manifestations of dehydration, neurological condition, diuresis, escleremia, other pathology, complications and mortality. Causes of death are detailed. Peculiar clinical manifestations are discussed according to different ages, emphasising importance of E.C. component in the first weeks of life. Efficiency of peritoneal dialysis is evaluated.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

[Metabolic evolution of hypertonic dehydration treated with fluidotherapy: revision of 40 infants (author's transl)].

Authors study the metabolic evolution of osmolarity, natraemia, chloremia, kaliemia and uremia of 40 infants with hypertonic dehydration. They divide the serie into two groups in accordance with initial value of natraemia: more or less than 170 mEq./l. The slow average decreases by hour of osmolarity, natraemia and chloremia were evaluated, and that justifies good evolution of hypertonic dehydration and minimal neurological repercussion found. Renal function in this metabolic condition is discussed. The usefulness of the fluidotherapic technique employed is demonstrated.

Chlorides↗

PubMed1979

[Metabolic evolution of hypertonic dehydration with combined treatment of fluidotherapy and peritoneal dialysis: revision of 22 infants (author's transl)].

Metabolic evolution of osmolarity, natraemia, chloremia, kaliemia and uremia of 22 infants with severe hypertonic dehydration, treated with fluidotherapy and peritoneal dialysis, is revised. Peritoneal dialysis was prepared in accordance with a special method for this metabolic condition. The serie was divided into two groups, according to initial value of natraemia: more or less than 170 mEq./l. Average decreases per hour of osmolarity, natraemia and chloremia were evaluated, as well as the influence of peritoneal dialysis on body fluids composition. Indication of peritoneal dialysis specially prepared for severe cases is discussed.

Chlorides↗

PubMed1979

[Urea half-live as index of renal failure in hypertonic dehydration (author's transl)].

Evolution of uremic half-time in 27 infants with hypertonic dehydration is studied. Authors establish three groups in accordance with duration of uremic half-time: 1st: less than 24 hours: 5 infants. 2nd: More than 24 hours without renal or uremic pathology: 12 infants. 3rd: More than 24 hours with renal or uremic pathology: 10 infants. Utility of this parameter is discussed, as well as its physiologic bases. The existence of 2nd group makes the value of this control as an organic of functional renal index uncertain.

Acute Kidney Injury↗

PubMed1979

[Local incidence of different types of dehydration (author's transl)].

A total of 2,298 dehydrated infants, among 9,674 infants admitted to Emergency Unit and Intensive Care Unit of Clinica Infantil "La Paz" between 1970--1974 are analyzed. The annual incidence of the different types of hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic dehydration is studied. The peculiarities of the data are discussed and compared with those described by other authors. High incidence of hypertonic dehydration (25.4%) is emphasized.

Dehydration↗

PubMed1978

[Pancreatic lipomatous hypoplasia associated with skeleton anomalies. Shwachman's syndrome (author's transl)].

A five month old girl with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, skeletal deformities and a non constant neutropenia (Shwachman's syndrome) is presented. Infectious complications, mainly septic and pulmonary, which caused her death, were frequent. The pathologic findings showed a pancreatic lipomatous hypoplasia and absence of zymogen granulos, as well as anomalies of the growing cartilage where no radiological abnormalities could be seen.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Role of tryptase, eosinophil cationic protein and histamine in immediate allergic reactions to drugs.

20 subjects (8 men, 12 women) with anaphylactic or urticarial reactions after drug intake were evaluated. Tryptase (TRY) and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) were determined in serum 2 and 24 h after the allergic episode. Histamine was determined in three sequential urine samples. Results indicated that in the group of subjects evaluated, TRY and histamine were elevated, although in not all cases for both markers. With ECP, no clear association was found either at 2 or 24 h after the allergic episode. These results suggested that mast cells participated in the adverse reactions, but a role for eosinophils could not be established. Further studies need to be undertaken to establish the participation of these cells in immediate reactions to drugs.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cellular immunodeficiency with immunoglobulins: treatment with a thymus implant in millipore diffusion chambers.

A 14 month old male affected by cellular immunodeficiency with immunoglobulins underwent implantation of a thymus enclosed in Millipore diffusion chambers. Five days after the implant the percentage of T lymphocytes forming spontaneous rosettes reached normal levels. One month later responsiveness to PHA was demonstrated in the patient's lymphocytes and IgG and IgM serum levels showed a marked increase. Positive skin tests were elicited 6 month's post-implant. An inguinal lymph node biopsy showed developing primary follicles and germinal centers. The patient's condition improved significantly. One year after the implant the patient died from irreversible neurological deterioration. It is suggested that partial immunological reconstitution was achieved by thymic humoral factors.

Antibodies↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiologic comments on hypertonic dehydration in Madrid (author's transl)].

The epidemiologic factors are studied in 584 cases of Hypertonic Dehydration (H.D.) admitted to the Children's Clinic "La Paz" over a period of 5 years. The overall monthly mean (MMT) resulted in 9.75 children a month with a standard deviation of +/- 2.1. The overall monthly evolution is analysed according to the sex, the seasonal incidence, as well as the more relevant etiologic factors: Concentrated diet, diarrhoea, vomiting, respiratory pathology and fever. The epidemiologic peculiarities are discussed according to age.

Climate↗