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Biomedical subjects

E Shiba

Publications and source records attributed to E Shiba.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Renal insufficiency induced by locally administered endotoxin in rabbits.

Renal failure in sepsis often occurs without other organ failure such as cardiovascular or pulmonary dysfunction. An endotoxin-induced renal insufficiency model using rabbits, which does not complicate other organ failure, was developed. To selectively damage kidneys endotoxin (40 micrograms/kg/h, 3 h) was infused through a cannula placed into the abdominal aorta just distally to the take-off of the superior mesenteric artery after ligation of the aorta below the junction of renal arteries. The following manifestations of renal insufficiencies were observed with high reproducibility: oliguria, increase in plasma creatinine (from 1.1 to 1.6 mg/dl) and urine N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (from 7.9 to 23.7 U/l), decrease in effective renal plasma flow (33%) and glomerular filtration rate (35%), and an apparent renal ischemic change in the histological examination. On the other hand, blood pressure, heart rate, respiration rate, body temperature and hematocrit were not significantly altered. The present model is useful for studying the effects of drugs on renal insufficiency in sepsis or endotoxemia and its pathogenesis. Most renal insufficiencies in clinical sepsis may be caused by endotoxin-induced renal ischemic change due to neither low blood pressure nor renal microthrombi.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1990

The correlation between Ca2+ influx and inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate (IP3) formation in platelets stimulated by various agonists.

The relationship between Ca2+ influx (delta [Ca2+]i) and the formation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) was investigated in human platelets stimulated by various agonists. Both delta [Ca2+]i and IP3 were increased in proportion to the amount of the agonists (thrombin, ADP, PAF, STA2), the receptors of which were demonstrated in platelets, and were correlated with each other. However, the ratio of delta [Ca2+]i to IP3 was significantly varied among agonists. Furthermore, in thrombin stimulated platelets, IP3 was small at low temperature (20 degrees C) compared with that at high temperature (37 degrees C) in spite of the similar delta [Ca2+]i. Thus, Ca2+ influx in human platelets seems to be regulated directly through the receptor operated mechanism and IP3 may not be involved in it.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1990

Platelet protein phosphatases and their endogenous substrates.

One p-nitrophenyl phosphate phosphatase (A) and five protein phosphatases (B, C, D, E, F) with neutral pH optimum (7.0-7.5) were partially purified from human platelets. Protein phosphatases were activated by Mn2+ (B-F), Mg2+ (D, F) or Ca2+ (F) but all of them had substantial activity even in the presence of EDTA. The activity of phosphatase D was predominant when assayed in the presence of EDTA. Phosphatase F was significantly enhanced by Ca2+ and calmodulin and therefore considered to be calcineurin. Without strict substrate specificity, all protein phosphatases (B-F) dephosphorylated phosphoproteins like actin binding protein, 47k protein and myosin light chain. Thus, it was suggested that protein phosphatases might play a role in the down regulation of platelet function not only in the resting but agonist-stimulated platelets.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1990

[A long-term follow-up study of intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy in locally advanced breast cancer].

Long-term follow-up results were reported for 61 patients with locally advanced breast cancer treated by intraarterial infusion chemotherapy (IA), compared with those for 96 patients who received no such treatment. The results were as follows. (1) The response rate of the primary lesions to IA was 53.6%, and the post-surgical survival of responders (CR, PR) was significantly better than those of non-responders (NC). (2) Excellent loco-regional control was also achieved in the IA-group. The local recurrence rate was only 16.2%. (3) However, there was no difference between survival rates of each group. The author confirmed that IA was an effective initial treatment for locally advanced breast cancer in terms of loco-regional control, but definite conclusions can be made only after randomized study.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1989

Impact of initial therapy on survival in recurrent breast cancer.

From 1976 to 1984, 135 recurrent breast cancer patients were treated with chemotherapy and/or additive endocrine therapy and their initial therapies and survival time were analyzed. Survival from the time of recurrence in these patients was longer than historical control patients (median 26 vs. 14 months). There was no statistical difference amongst the four groups which were subdivided by initial therapies after recurrence (tamoxifen alone, tamoxifen + tegafur, tamoxifen + other chemotherapy and chemotherapy). Therefore, the type of initial therapy did not affect the survival among these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[The effect of thyroid hormone on the growth of thyroid cancer].

Thyroid cancer is well known to be hormone sensitive as well as breast cancer, prostatic cancer, and endometrial cancer of the uterus. Various experimental results suggest that the growth regulation for thyroid cancer, as well as the normal thyroid gland, appears to depend upon the TSH (Thyroid stimulating hormone) receptor on cell membranes. Differentiated thyroid carcinoma cells possess TSH receptor, although anaplastic carcinoma cells do not; therefore suppression therapy of TSH with thyroid hormone is considered to be effective against differentiated thyroid carcinoma. It has been recognized that some recurrent differentiated thyroid cancers cause regression in size in response to treatment with thyroid hormone. But the administration of the thyroid hormone after the operation for the differentiated thyroid carcinoma does not necessarily enhance the survival rate. To analyze the difference in survival rate is very difficult because of the excellent survival rate of thyroid cancer patients after the operation. It is hoped that further clinical study and laboratory investigation about suppression in adjuvant therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer will give us a conclusive answer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Ultrasonographic diagnosis of intracystic breast tumors].

Ultrasonography was performed on 1805 patients with breast diseases during the past 3 years and 20 (1.1%) intracystic tumors were detected. Among 20 intracystic tumors, 14 were finally diagnosed as benign and 6 as malignant. None of the 6 malignant lesions was judged as exclusively malignant and only 3 were considered as suspiciously malignant by ultrasonography. Ultrasonography is effective in making the location of intracystic tumors clear but not suitable for distinguishing malignant tumor from those that are benign. On the contrary, among the 6 malignant lesions, 5 were diagnosed as malignant and 1 as suspiciously malignant by aspiration cytology. Therefore, a combined examination of ultrasonography and aspiration cytology is a useful method for preoperative diagnosis of intracystic breast tumors.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

[Needle aspiration cytology of malignant lymphoma of the thyroid].

We have reviewed our experiences with needle aspiration cytology in five cases of malignant lymphoma of the thyroid. From the original cytologic reports, one case was correctly diagnosed as malignant lymphoma. Three were misdiagnosed as anaplastic carcinoma of the small-cell type, and two of these three were subsequently revised to malignant lymphoma at the second aspiration. Another patient was misdiagnosed as chronic thyroiditis at the first and second aspirations. Following the third aspiration, the condition was correctly diagnosed as malignant lymphoma. In the smears correctly diagnosed as malignant lymphoma, many malignant cells were distributed as isolated cells and showed monotonous features. Sometimes, cleaved cells or prominent nucleoli were visible.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

[Reconstruction methods of anterior chest wall resection--comparison between acrylic resins and myocutaneous flaps].

A total of 32 patients were treated by chest wall resection for primary and recurrent breast cancer or other malignant tumors of the chest wall. Reconstruction of the anterior chest wall was conducted using either acrylic resin plate or myocutaneous flap. Although acrylic resin plate proved to be satisfactory for maintaining stability of the chest wall and protecting important organs in the anterior mediastinum, some patients developed foreign body reactions including local infections, local retention of serous discharge and slight anterior chest pain during a prolonged observation. Reconstruction with myocutaneous flap achieved acceptable stability and caused no such foreign body reactions. We confirmed that myocutaneous flap was the best way to reconstruct the anterior chest wall after full thickness chest wall resection.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1985

Intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy as an induction therapy in multidisciplinary treatment for locally advanced breast cancer. A long-term follow-up study.

A multidisciplinary treatment including intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy as an induction therapy was administered to 55 patients with locally advanced breast cancer. Intra-arterial chemotherapy conducted preoperatively produced marked responses in primary and lymph node lesions with 78% complete + partial response (CR + PR), subsequently permitting extended radical mastectomy. Histologic examination of resected specimens also revealed that 33% of the patients had no viable cancer cells remaining in their lesions. Five-year and 10-year survival rates were 57% and 41%, respectively, compared with 24% and 18%, respectively for the 17 patients of historic control. Patients showing better local responses to intra-arterial chemotherapy had longer survival time with less frequent local recurrences. Intra-arterial chemotherapy is an effective modality for the treatment of locally advanced breast cancer.

Aclarubicin↗
PubMed1985

[Hormone therapy of breast cancer-its role in the treatment of breast cancer].

Surgical hormone therapy and additive hormone therapy showed a response rate of about 30% for recurrent breast cancer, irrespective of kind of procedures or drugs. Additive hormone therapy had shorter duration of response than ablative surgery, but had still longer duration of response and less side effects than chemotherapy. Patients treated with tamoxifen alone as an initial therapy for their recurrent lesions had an over all survival time of 26 months in a median value, compared with 17 months for those treated with a combination chemotherapy. Initial treatment with tamoxifen alone eventually resulted in longer survival. To take maximum advantage of hormone therapy, it should be given in the early phase of recurrence, since ER status changes from positive to negative in the course of disease.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

[Therapy for recurrent breast cancer].

A multimodal treatment strategy for recurrent breast cancer is described. Occasionally, there are a few patients who have no other detectable distant metastases at the time of locoregional recurrence or of appearance of solitary lung metastasis. In such cases, curative results may be obtained with surgical treatment. In cases too extensive for surgical resection, irradiation is the treatment choice for local control. Radiotherapy is also helpful for painful bone lesions. The important basis for the multimodal approach to recurrent breast cancer is a well-balanced combination of local therapy with surgery or irradiation and systemic polychemoendocrine therapy or polychemotherapy followed by maintenance therapy, to improve the quality of life and survival of patients. Concerning the combined chemoendocrine therapy, many investigators have reported an improved effect with simultaneous or sequential use, but not all of these studies have confirmed the advantage of combination therapy over endocrine- or chemo-therapy alone, either in response rate or survival time. Further prospective randomized studies correlating ER status are needed to evaluate this approach. Immunotherapy used as a maintenance therapy may prolong the duration of remission and survival time.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1985

[Preoperative chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer].

Preoperative chemotherapy was initiated for breast cancer in an effort to decrease the number of viable cancer cells that were released into the blood stream during surgical procedure. This possibility was substantiated by several observations made in animal experiments and clinical studies. Preoperative chemotherapy was also given to render the advanced disease amenable to surgical intervention. In one report, systemic chemotherapy (CAF) for advanced breast cancer produced a response rate of 86% preoperatively, facilitating subsequent mastectomy and a postoperative 5-year survival rate of 52%. However no definite conclusion has yet been obtained as to the prognostic significance of systemic chemotherapy give preoperatively, and further comparative studies are therefore required. Preoperative intra-arterial chemotherapy as an induction therapy was administered to patients with locally advanced breast cancer including inflammatory breast cancer, the treatment developed in Japan. In our institute, intra-arterial chemotherapy with ADR or MMC plus 5-FU resulted in a marked decrease in the size of primary and lymph node lesions with 82% CR + PR. Histological examination of resected specimens also revealed that 35% of the patients had no viable cancer cells remaining in their lesions. Five-year and 10-year survival rates were 57% and 41%, respectively, compared with 24% and 18%, respectively for historical controls. Patients showing better local responses to intra-arterial chemotherapy had longer survival time with less frequent local recurrences. Some other studies also indicated improved survival in locally advanced breast cancer as a result of preoperative intra-arterial chemotherapy. Preoperative chemotherapy including systemic administration is a promising modality for advanced breast cancer.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1985

[A case of long-term survival of liver metastasis of breast cancer successfully treated with chemotherapy and endocrine therapy].

A 42-year-old woman was diagnosed as having hepatic metastasis two years after radical mastectomy for breast cancer. She was initially treated with oophorectomy and cytotoxic chemotherapy, which resulted in complete regression of the lesion within two years after the start of the treatment. She remained free of the disease until the fifth year thereafter, when she again developed a metastatic lesions in her liver. Since then, she has been treated sequentially with various kinds of chemotherapy and endocrine therapy with a certain degree of response to each treatment. She has survived 12 years and three months after the development of liver metastasis. This patient is the longest survivor of hepatic metastasis from breast cancer in the Japaneses literature.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Purification and characterization of Ca2+-activated neutral protease inhibitor from human platelets.

An endogenous inhibitor of Ca2+-activated neutral protease (CANP) was purified to homogeneity from the soluble fraction of human platelets by the combination of heat treatment, ammonium sulfate fractionation, ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The purified inhibitor was found to be a tetramer composed of identical subunits and each subunit has a molecular weight of 63 K. The purified protein exerted specific inhibition against the low Ca2+-requiring form of CANP (mu-CANP) purified from human platelets in the presence of micromolar concentration of Ca2+. The kinetic study revealed that the inhibition is non-competitive with Ki value of 3.2 X 10(-8) M.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1983

Purification and characterization of a low calcium requiring form of Ca2+-activated neutral protease from human platelets.

A low calcium requiring form of calcium activated neutral protease (mu-CANP) was purified to homogeneous state from a soluble fraction of human platelets. The purified protease was composed of two subunits of 80 K and 25 K proteins, judged by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the approximate molecular weight of 105 K was also confirmed by gel filtration technique. The purified enzyme was activated in the presence of micromolar concentration off Ca2+ and also activated with other divalent cations such as Sr2+, Ba2+, Mn2+, Ni2+. Leupeptin, antipain, an epoxysuccinate derivative (E-64), and alkylating agents were potent inhibitors of the purified enzyme.

Blood Platelets↗