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Biomedical subjects

E Simensen

Publications and source records attributed to E Simensen.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Ketosis treatment and milk yield in dairy cows related to milk acetoacetate levels.

Milk yield and milk acetoacetate (M-acac) were measured weekly for the first 6 weeks of lactation in 5 herds with a ketosis problem. Ketosis treatments and the corresponding ketotest score, were also recorded. The treatment rate was highest 7-16 days after calving. Most of these early cases were associated with low ketone levels in milk, whereas the treatment rate for cows with high ketone levels was highest 17-31 days after calving. Nearly half of the treated cows were low-ketone animals. They were classified as ketosis cases in the cow health card records, although probably suffering from other post partum disturbances in many instances. About 40% of the cows with high ketone levels recovered spontaneously. Reduction in milk yield associated with peak M-acac levels was transient and moderate. It was concluded that health card statistics overestimates the severity of the ketosis problem in Norway.

Acetoacetates↗
PubMed1981

Influence of prior hauling on pathogenesis of Pasteurella multocida in turkeys.

Turkeys were hauled in a truck and exposed to Pasteurella multocida in the drinking water. The clinical course of fowl cholera was modified in hauled turkeys as compared to unhauled turkeys by delaying the onset of depression and reducing the severity of the disease. In unhauled turkeys, there was a marked increase in mortality in the first experiment and a marked increase in depression at the end of the second experiment. In both experiments average cloacal temperature was higher during the first 5 days after inoculation in unhauled than in hauled turkeys. On the day after hauling, plasma corticosterone concentration decreased in both hauled and unhauled turkeys.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Upper lethal environmental temperature in turkeys.

Of a total of 16 turkeys in a temperature controlled chamber with a low air velocity, 14 died during an accidental 16-hr exposure, because of a malfunction of a thermostat, to a temperature of 38.5 C and 80% relative humidity. These turkeys had been previously maintained at a temperature of 20 C for 6 days. Of the 2 surviving turkeys, one alert and one depressed, there were 1) an increased percent erythrocytes in the hematocrit, 2) a decreased ratio of blood mononuclear cells to blood polymorphonuclear cells, 3) a marked increase in plasma corticosterone concentration, and 4) a definite reduction of lymphocytes in the bursal follicles of the alert turkey and a nearly complete depletion in the depressed turkey.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1978

Determination of corticosterone concentration in plasma of turkeys using raioimmunoassay.

A method of determining corticosterone concentration in turkey plasma was developed using radioimmunoassay. Compared to fluorometric analysis and competitive protein-binding radioassay, this method had the following advantages: 1) results were consistent, 2) the method was simple and rapid to perform, 3) only 20 lambda of plasma was required, 4) all procedures were performed using the same tube except for counting, and 5) unknown and standard samples were treated identically. The coefficient of variation with the 5 ng/ml standard sample between 14 sets of assays was 12.6% and the average coefficient of variation within duplicate assays of unknown samples randomly selected from each of the 14 series was 4%. Using this method, there was an increase in the average plasma corticosterone concentration in all groups of inoculated turkeys one day after inoculation of Pasteurella multocida which was significantly (P less than .05) greater than that of the noninoculated groups.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Milk somatic cells in dairy cows kept on pasture or confined indoors during the summer.

During the summer of 1975 (from June 30th to July 28th) weekly milk samples were obtained from 49 cows kept on pasture during the daytime, and from 48 cows which were confined indoors in stanchion barns and fed grass twice a day. The cows on pasture were exposed to relatively moderate temperatures, which were somewhat lower than for the indoor group (Table I). In the cows kept on pasture, an increase in the milk somatic cell content (MSCC) was observed throughout the experimental period, whereas no corresponding increase was recorded in the indoor group (Table III). This increase in MSCC appeared to occur primarily in non-infected quarters (Table IV). The data from the present investigation seem to indicate that the seasonal increase in MSCC during the summer, which has been reported by several other investigators, cannot be directly related to environmental temperature per se.

Animal Feed↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Aerosol transmission of Pasteurella multocida in turkeys.

In three incidents, uninoculated turkeys separated from Pasteurella multocida-inoculated turkeys died of fowl cholera; it was inferred that the pathogen was transmitted by aerosol through the circulating air. Uninoculated and inoculated turkeys were separated by a solid partition and wire netting, and were handled separately. Turkeys were inoculated with a highly virulent strain of P. multocida, which induced the pulmonary form of fowl cholera. In four of the five uninoculated turkeys that died, pneumonia was the principal lesion. In two of these turkeys, which were bled one day before death while still alert, the plasma corticosterone concentration had increased markedly.

Aerosols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of high and low environmental temperatures on clinical course of fowl cholera in turkeys.

Turkeys inoculated with Pasteurella multocida either in the palatine air spaces or via drinking water were maintained t high (33.4-37.4 C), low (2.6-5.3 C), and moderate (19.8-22.4 C) temperatures in temperature-controlled chambers to determine the influence environmental temperature had on the pathogenesis of fowl cholera. In inoculated turkeys maintained at high temperatures, there was a delay in the onset of depression and, in most instances, in mortality in relation to those at low or moderate temperatures. In turkeys inoculated via drinking water and maintained at low temperatures, there was a higher mortality than in those at high or moderate temperatures. In turkeys maintained at low temperatures during the preinoculation period, the onset of depression was accelerated more after inoculation than in those maintained at moderate temperatures before inoculation. The percentage of leukocytes in the hematocrit was higher in turkeys inoculated int he palatine air spaces and maintained at low temperatures than in turkeys similarly inoculated but maintained at high or moderate temperatures. Cloacal temperatures were higher in all inoculated turkeys maintained at high temperatures than in those at low or moderate temperatures, and decreased markedly when turkeys became moribund. In turkeys inoculated in the palatine air spaces, deaths from pneumonia occurred more frequently at low temperatures and torticollis occurred more frequently at high temperatures than at the other temperatures.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Plasma corticosterone concentrations in turkeys inoculated with Pasteurella multocida and maintained at high and low environmental temperatures.

Radioimmunoassay was used to determine plasma corticosterone concentration (PCC) in turkeys inoculated with Pasteurella multocida via either the palatine air spaces or the drinking water and maintained at high (33.4-37.4 C), low (2.6-5.3 C) and moderate )19.8-22.4 C) temperatures in temperature-controlled chambers. In uninoculated turkeys maintained at high temperatures, the PCC was generally lower than in turkeys maintained at moderate temperatures, whereas the opposite occurred in turkeys maintained at low temperatures. After inoculation with P. multocida, all groups of inoculated turkeys showed an increase in the average PCC, which attained a level in some turkeys of over 40 ng/ml, in relation to the average in the uninoculated turkeys, which ranged from 1.8 to 27.3 ng/ml. This increase was proportional to the severity of the infection that developed. The PCC was found to be a sensitive indicator of an incubating infection of P. multocida, since it was markedly increased in turkeys that were bled one day before the onset of depression. In turkeys that were inoculated via the palatine air spaces and maintained at 20 C, the PCC on the day of inoculation was significantly (P less than 0.05) lower in the turkeys that later died than in those that survived. Generally, the PCC was higher in the turkeys that either died between 5 and 10 days after inoculation or were depressed aa the end of the experiment on day 10, relative to the turkeys that were alert at the end of the experiment.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of Pasteurella multocida and high and low environmental temperatures on adrenals and bursa of Fabricius in turkeys.

The morphologic changes in the adrenals and bursa of Fabricius were evaluated from turkeys inoculated with Pasteurella multocida either in the palatine air spaces or via drinking water and maintained at high (33.4-37.4 C), low (2.6-5.3 C), and moderate (19.8-22.4 C) temperatures in temperature-controlled chambers. There was a slight hyperplasia of the adrenal cortical cells and a hypertrophy of the nuclei in the uninoculated turkeys maintained at both high and low temperatures, but these changes were more marked in turkeys maintained at low temperatures. Regardless of the temperature to which the turkeys were exposed, there was an increase in adrenal weight, hyperplasia of the cortical cells, hypertrophy of the nuclei of the cortical cells, and depletion of lipid in the cortical cells in the turkeys that became depressed after inoculation with P. multocida. In the uninoculated turkeys exposed to high temperatures there was a reduction in the weight of the bursa of Fabricius, atrophy of the follicles, and a reduction in the number of lymphocytes within the follicle, which did not occur in the bursae from uninoculated turkeys maintained at low temperatures. In the turkeys inoculated with P. multocida, there was a marked reduction in bursal weight, atrophy of the follicles, and reduction in the number of lymphocytes within the follicles.

Adrenal Glands↗