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Biomedical subjects

E Sinclair

Publications and source records attributed to E Sinclair.

27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Norepinephrine and dopamine metabolites and educational variables in boys with attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity.

The present study evaluated the biochemical measures of urinary homovanillic acid (HVA) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylglycol (MHPG) in relation to functioning on selected psychoeducational tests in a group of boys with attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R), the Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT), and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test were administered to 28 hyperactive and 23 control subjects. The findings suggest subtle differences in psychoeducational test performance in relation to specific levels of homovanillic acid and MHPG.

Achievement↗
PubMed1979

Value of emergency toxicological investigations in differential diagnosis of coma.

Out of 208 cases of coma of unknown aetiology referred to the poisons unit of this hospital during 1978 for emergency toxicological investigations, 108 were found to be due to self-poisoning medical conditions, mainly neurological, accounted for coma in 90 patients; the cause was not ascertained in the remaining 10 cases. More than one preparation had been ingested by 58 (54%) of the poisoned patients, although barbiturates were the drugs most commonly encountered in the severe cases. Toxicological investigations should be considered in the differential diagnosis of coma when history, physical examination, and emergency biochemical measurements yield little diagnostic information.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Unusual development of polyoma virus in the brains of two patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Two HIV-positive male patients presented with a variety of symptoms including hemiparesis, unsteadiness, progressive loss of vision and poor memory. There were multiple non-enhancing lesions shown by CT scan in the white matter of the cerebral hemispheres. Specimens obtained by burr-hole biopsy showed the features of progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML) in both cases. Electron microscopy demonstrated round and rod shaped particles of papovavirus in the nuclei and cytoplasm of oligodendrocytes and in processes of astrocytes where abnormal and florid modes of viral replication were seen. Additional features observed were viral particles suggestive of an enterovirus in Case 1 and, in both specimens, massive membrane proliferation within both nuclei and cytoplasm of infected cells together with the presence of tubuloreticular structures (TRS) in the cytoplasm of endothelial cells. At post-mortem, the brain of patient 2 showed PML and HIV encephalitis. The presence of HIV was confirmed by immunohistochemical methods. We suggest that in AIDS patients the abnormality of the immune system induced by HIV causes abnormal replication patterns of papovavirus in the brain. In addition, these cases confirm the frequent occurrence in AIDS patients of TRS, now considered to be a marker for HIV.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perls' ferrocyanide test for iron in the diagnosis of vasculitic neuropathy.

Preliminary observations suggested that arterial and arteriolar necrosis in vasculitis of the peripheral nerve leads to local haemorrhage and subsequent deposition of haemosiderin. This pigment is more readily recognized in the nerve by the sensitive Perls' test for iron than by relying on recognizing its yellow colour. To support the use of iron staining as an index of vasculitis, in addition to necrosis and fibrin deposition, we obtained the following results from nerve biopsy and autopsy nerve specimens: vasculitis confined to PNS = 5/6 iron positive; polyarteritis nodosa and Wegener's granulomatosis = 4/5 iron positive; systemic lupus erythematosus 2/3 iron positive; rheumatoid disease 1/1 iron positive; acute Guillain-Barré syndrome and subacute or chronic demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy = 12/12 iron negative; and other perivascular inflammation in the PNS (without evidence of vasculitis) = 2/2 iron negative. One case of Churg-Strauss syndrome showed no changes on nerve biopsy. Iron staining was also demonstrated in the kidneys of five or six patients with polyarteritis nodosa.

Ferrocyanides↗