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Biomedical subjects

E Singleton

Publications and source records attributed to E Singleton.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

The efficacy of local anaesthetics administered by general dental practitioners.

AIM: To obtain empirical evidence for the efficacy of local anaesthesia in dentistry. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of serial administrations of local anaesthesia. METHODS: Dentist and patient evaluations of the success of differing techniques (infiltration and block) of anaesthesia in a variety of general practice procedures. Results were analysed for correlation between dentist and patient using a 5-point scale. RESULTS: Complete data were analysed for 331 administrations. In the hands of experienced dentists over 93% of operations were assessed by both dentist and patient as comfortable or completely comfortable. Dentists were generally able to judge patient comfort (P < 0.001). Administrations requiring repeat injections were less comfortable. Dentists judged infiltration administrations more comfortable than block administrations (P < 0.001), but patient judgements of comfort failed to distinguish between differing techniques at the P < 0.05 level. CONCLUSIONS: Some variations in success rate exist between dentists the most dental procedures under local anaesthetic in general practice were assessed as being comfortable or better by both dentists and patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Chest radiographic data acquisition and quality assurance in multicenter studies.

BACKGROUND: Multicenter studies rely on data derived from different institutions. Forms can be designed to standardize the reporting process allowing reliable comparison of data. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the report is to provide a standardized method, developed as a part of a multicenter study of vertically transmitted HIV, for assessing chest radiographic results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight hundred and five infants and children were studied at five centers; 3057 chest radiographs were scored. Data were entered using a forced-choice, graded response for 12 findings. Quality assurance measures and inter-rater agreement statistics are reported. RESULTS: The form used for reporting chest radiographic results is presented. Inter-rater agreement was moderate to high for most findings, with the best correlation reported for the presence of bronchovascular markings and/or reticular densities addressed as a composite question (kappa = 0.71). The presence of nodular densities (kappa = 0.56) and parenchymal consolidation (kappa = 0.57) had moderate agreement. Agreement for lung volume was low. CONCLUSION: The current tool, developed for use in the pediatric population, is applicable to any study involving the assessment of pediatric chest radiographs for a large population, whether at one or many centers.

Child↗
PubMed1993

The development of a cocaine craving questionnaire.

Two versions of a 45-item questionnaire on cocaine craving were administered to 225 cocaine users. The Now version asked about current craving for cocaine, and the General version asked about average craving over the preceding week. Factor analyses showed that a four-factor solution best described the item structure for both versions of the questionnaire. Higher-order analyses indicated that each version was permeated by a single second-order factor. Factor scales derived for each primary and second-order factor had moderate to high reliabilities. Examination of item content, correlations of factors across versions, and external correlates of the factors suggested that both versions were represented by the same hierarchical factor structure. The theoretical and clinical implications of the results from these craving instruments are discussed.

Adult↗