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Biomedical subjects

E Sprenger

Publications and source records attributed to E Sprenger.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Malignant rhabdoid tumor. A morphological and flow cytometric study.

Sixteen cases of malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) were studied by conventional light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy and flow cytometry. The age of the 16 patients varied from two months to 25.9 years. There were 11 males and five females. Eleven tumors were located in the kidney. The remaining five were found in the chest wall (n = 2) and the head and neck (n = 3). Particular histopathological findings included myxoid, pseudoalveolar and hyalinized areas. By immunohistochemistry, 15/15 cases stained positively for vimentin, 9/14 for cytokeratin, 6/15 for desmin, 9/14 for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), 10/14 for neuron specific enolase (NSE) and 10/15 for protein S-100. Stains for neurofilaments, myoglobin and Ulex europaeus aggl. I (UEA I) were negative. The characteristic finding by electron microscopy in three cases were large numbers of intermediate filaments arranged either randomly or in concentric whorls. None of the 11 cases studied revealed aneuploid DNA stem lines as determined by flow cytometry. Of the 16 patients 12 died, one is living with disease and three are living without evidence of disease. Postoperative treatment consisted of chemotherapy, in some cases combined with radiotherapy. Two patients developed a medulloblastoma in addition to a renal and extrarenal MRT, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that MRT may present more histopathological patterns than hitherto recognized. In addition, they show that MRT may express a wide range of antigenic "markers", similar to epithelioid sarcoma with which it may be confused on cytological grounds. Despite aggressive postoperative chemotherapy prognosis is still poor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Nonpalpable breast tumors: diagnosis with stereotaxic localization and fine-needle aspiration.

Modern mammography is the most effective means of detecting nonpalpable breast cancers, but correct diagnosis for malignancy is made in only 20%-30% of the cases. The conventional method of lesion localization usually results in approximate placement of the hookwire in the breast. The authors report the results of stereotaxic localization, combined with fine-needle aspiration and cytologic study, performed in 528 cases. Clinically occult breast lesions were localized precisely (within 2 mm 96% of the time), sampled by means of a 23-gauge needle, and marked with either methylene blue or a hookwire for subsequent open excisional biopsy. The results indicate a sensitivity of 95%, specificity of 91%, and accuracy of 92% for the fine-needle aspiration procedure. This technique offers a significantly improved preoperative method of diagnosing small breast lesions with minimal pain, no complications, reduced cost, and no disfigurement or scar interfering with subsequent mammographic follow-up.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1986

Flow cytometric analysis of nephroblastomas and related neoplasms.

A total of 59 cases of nephroblastoma and related neoplasms were studied by flow cytometry of paraffin-embedded tissue. According to clinical prognosis, cases were subdivided into three groups: Group 1 (low risk) consisted of congenital mesoblastic nephroma (n = 13) and cystic, partially differentiated nephroblastoma (n = 2). Group 2 (intermediate risk) comprised the various subtypes of "typical" nephroblastoma (n = 24) including cases of fetal rhabdomyomatous nephroblastoma (n = 4). In group 3 (high risk) there were cases of anaplastic nephroblastoma (n = 3), clear cell sarcoma of the kidney or "bone metastasizing renal tumor of childhood" (n = 7), and malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney (n = 6). The three clinically different groups of tumors also varied in the proportion of cases with aneuploid tumor DNA stemlines, in S-phase fractions, and in proliferation indices (PI = S + G2 + M). Group 1 was generally characterized by a small number of cases with aneuploid tumor DNA stemlines and low values for S-phase fractions and PI, whereas Group 3 showed the largest number of cases with aneuploid tumor DNA stemlines and high values for S-phase fractions and PI. Group 2 was in between. It is concluded that flow cytometry on paraffin-embedded tissue from pediatric tumors may be a useful adjunct in determining prognosis, and that the subdivision of nephroblastomas and related neoplasms into three prognostically different groups is warranted.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1986

[Diagnosis of endometrial cancer by DNA cytophotometry].

Cytophotometric determination of nuclear DNA content was performed in 121 cases by examining endometrial preparations. The endometrial cells were obtained by means of a MiMark cell sampler before curetting. A variety of groups (normal endometrium, adenomatous hyperplasia, endometrial carcinoma) were compared with each other and examined under statistical conditions. The differences were statistically significant according to the 3rd quartile (75% of DNA-population in a histogram) between the group of secretory transformed and atrophic endometrium and the group of well and moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. Determination of the median and deviation index of the DNA population yielded similar results. The group of adenomatous hyperplasia did not differ from the normal endometrium according to all statistical parameters. Obviously it is impossible to distinguish precancerous endometrium from normal endometrium by cytophotometry. Differences between proliferative endometrium and well differentiated adenocarcinoma were seen in individual cases only. On the other hand, moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma could obviously be differentiated and delimitated.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Stereotaxic needle localization and cytological diagnosis of occult breast lesions.

A stereotaxic technique for localization of occult breast lesions and fine needle aspiration for cytological diagnosis was used on examination of 543 patients. Successful localization with the needle tip within 1 mm of the suspected lesion was possible in 490 patients (90.2%). Based on a high mammographic index of suspicion for malignancy, 187 of 490 patients were selected to undergo open biopsy, following aspiration cytology and localization with methylene blue injection. The statistical results (cytologic vs. histologic examination) revealed a sensitivity of 97.5% and a specificity of 95.2% for cytologic diagnosis of occult breast lesions. The technique is easy to learn and takes 20-30 minutes to perform. Compliance was 100% and complications were nil. This new technique expedites localization and maximizes the specificity of mammography for occult breast lesions.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1986

Investigation of automated DNA diagnosis and grading of prostatic cancer.

As a preliminary step towards a DNA-related automatic diagnosis and grading, the fine needle aspiration biopsies of 85 patients with prostatic cancer and of 20 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy were subjected to DNA single-cell fluorescence cytometry. The DNA histograms were analyzed statistically by univariate data description, stepwise linear discriminant analysis and multiple regression analysis. The accuracy of the DNA-based malignancy diagnosis was 85.1%, with 10.6% false-negative and 4.3% false-positive results. The accuracy of the prognosis-related malignancy grading was, however, only 39.5% and thus unsatisfactory. The results indicate that a DNA-related diagnosis of prostatic malignancy is possible but that a similar automatic grading of prostatic cancer is not yet possible.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1985

[DNA oriented automated malignancy diagnosis and malignancy grading in prostatic cancer].

85 patients with prostate cancer and 20 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy underwent DNA single-cell fluorescence photometry to investigate the possibility of DNA-related automatic diagnosis and grading of prostate cancer. The DNA histograms were analysed statistically by univariate data description, stepwise linear discriminant analysis and regression analysis. The accuracy for the malignancy diagnosis was 85.1%, with 10.6% false-negative and 4.3% false-positive results. The accuracy of the malignancy grading, however, was very poor with only 39.5%.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1984

Nuclear DNA cytophotometry in prostate carcinoma.

Eighty patients with prostate carcinoma underwent fine-needle aspiration biopsy for cytologic grading and DNA-single-cell fluorescence photometry before and at 6-month intervals after endocrine treatment. The histograms of DNA values showed single peaks and bimodal and scattered distributions which correlated to the different tumor grades before therapy. The DNA values were significantly different from the controls with benign prostatic hypertrophy. After start of therapy, regressive changes of the DNA-histograms were increases of diploid and hypodiploid DNA values and disappearance of secondary peaks. Progressive changes were increased scattering of DNA values and appearance of secondary peaks. Progressive changes in the histograms were closely related to clinical remission and stable disease, but related poorly to clinical progression. The survival correlated with the pretherapeutic DNA-histograms and with the DNA-median, third-quartile, and maximum parameters.

DNA, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1983

[High resolution cell recognition and flow cytometry as means to automated cytodiagnosis].

Measurement and quantification are the prerequisites of automated cell diagnosis. The goal of the analysis is to recognize quantitative differences for the classification of benign and malignant cells. Absorption and fluorescence dyes can be bound to definite cell components proportional to their amounts and can be determined photometrically. In static photometry the cells are spread out in a single layer on a glass slide. By examining the cell point by point a scanning image can be obtained. These high resolution photometric measurements provide many individual data on relatively few cells. In flow photometry the cells are suspended in a fluid. The fluid flows past the lens of the microscope. Because each cell remains in front of the lens for only a brief period, it is possible to detect only one or few parameters per cell. These zero or low resolution flow photometric procedures provide few individual data on a great number of cells. Hybrid procedures combine flow photometry with subsequent high resolution photometry of the individual cell. To make this possible suspicious cells are sorted out from the flowing fluid and deposited on a slide. In individual cases the efficiency of visual diagnosis is almost achieved by machines.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1978

The diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma by means of jet wash and DNA flow-through cytophotometry.

Flow-through cytophotometric determination of nuclear DNA content on jet wash material from the endometrium was employed in the diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma. One hundred and thirty cases were studied. In comparison to results from cytodiagnosis, flow-through photometry yielded a false negative rate of 31.6% and a false positive rate of 42.2%. The false negative findings resulted in part from the small relative frequency of atypical cells in a mixed population of normal and atypical cells in certain cases. Besides this, we often found carcinomas with a diploid DNA stem line, which could not be distinguished cytophotometrically from normal corpus endometrium (Sandritter, 1952; Atkin et al., 1959; Hustin, 1976). The flow-through photometrically false positive findings may have resulted either from cell aggregates or from a nuclear DNA content elevated over the diploid value in proliferating cells (D. Wagner et al., 1968; D. Wagner and Richard, 1968). The observed false negative and false positive rates demonstrate that flow-through photometric determination of nuclear DNA content is unsuitable for the diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1978

The diagnostic significance of nuclear DNA measurement in cytologic smears of benign and malignant gastric lesions.

Gastric mucosa was obtained from 126 patients by endoscopic biopsy and subsequent cell brushing for histological, cytological and DNA cytophotometric studies. 23 cases were carcinomatous. DNA histogram evaluation for each case was carried out with special consideration of the position of the DNA stem line and the scatter of the measured DNA values. Additionally, DNA distribution characteristics were established for clinical or cytological diagnostic groups. By ascertaining relative mean ploidy values (U values) and relative frequency of euploid and polyploid values (Z values) in the sample populations, cell nuclear DNA determination was used as a criteria for differentiating between benign and malignant alterations of the stomach. The results allow optimistic prognosis concerning the use of cell nuclear DNA content as a significant, though not as the only measuring factor in automated diagnostic procedures.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1976

The significance of random sample size in flow-through photometric prescreening in cervical cytology.

The determination of nuclear DNA content by flow-through photometry is employed as a prescreening procedure in cervical cytology. The goal of a prescreening procedure is to obtain the smallest possible number of false negative findings with an economically acceptable number of false positive findings, which must be retested. False negative findings result from the often low relative frequency of atypical cells in a mixed population of normal and atypical cells. Only between 10,000 and 50,000 cells are contained in a random sample from the total suspended smear material. It was the purpose of this study to investigate whether a flow-through photometric study of the entire suspension and thus the larger absolute frequency of atypical cells mught lead to a decrease in false negative results. Flow-through photometric evaluation of the entire smear material is not superior to measurement of a random sample of 10,000-50,000 cells. 1. The relative frequency of atypical cells is unchanged, and thus also the proportion of false negative findings. 2. The number of false positive findings increases by 10% due to the inclusion of aggregates at the bottom of the preparation. 3. The measuring time is increased 10-fold, thus making the prescreening procedure uneconomical.

Cell Count↗
PubMed1976

The significance of DNA flow-through fluorescence cytophotometry for the diagnosis of prostate carcinoma.

Flow-through fluorescence cytophotometric determination of nuclear DNA content was employed for the diagnosis of prostate carcinoma. Fine needle aspiration biopsy material from the prostate of 220 patients was used for study. A false negative rate of 11.4% and a false positive rate of 29.7% were obtained when the results of flow-through photometry were compared with those of traditional cytodiagnosis. It was found that 4.5% of the specimens were unsuitable for cytologic diagnosis and 10.9% for flow-through cytophotometry. False negative DNA histograms may be due to two factors: either the number of tumor cells is small or there are tumor cells whose nuclear DNA content does not differ from that of a normal cell population. False positive findings result from proliferating cells in inflammatory activation. Errors in preparation of the material and mechanical mistakes, such as cellular clumping and coincidences, are less likely causes. The greater percentage of specimens which were inadequate for cytophotometry was due to the large number of cells needed for a utilizable flow-through photometric histogram. The high rate of false negative and false positive results (11.4% and 29.7%, respectively) argues against using flow-through photometric nuclear DNA determination for the diagnosis of prostate carcinoma.

Biopsy, Needle↗