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Biomedical subjects

E Stamboulis

Publications and source records attributed to E Stamboulis.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Central nervous system manifestations of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is associated with several manifestations from the central nervous system (CNS) such as encephalitis, aseptic meningitis, acute transverse myelitis, stroke, and polyradiculopathy. In the current paper epidemiologic, clinical, laboratory and treatment data on these manifestations are reviewed. The M. pneumoniae induced immune dysregulation and its contributing role in the pathogenesis of neurological insult is discussed. The recent introduction in clinical practice of newer molecular diagnostic techniques has helped in establishing a firmer association between M. pneumoniae infection and CNS disease especially encephalitis. Clinicians should be aware of the potential association between M. pneumoniae infection and several CNS manifestations. The role of various anti-microbial or immunomodulating therapies in treating such manifestations should be further explored.

Central Nervous System Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed2005

Measurement of autonomic dysregulation in multiple sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE: Patients with definite multiple sclerosis (MS) were tested for autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction using clinical symptomatology criteria and non-invasive laboratory testing. Exactly 45.45% of patients exhibited subjective symptoms of autonomic dysfunction and 42.42% of patients had abnormal laboratory tests results. METHODS: The sympathetic ANS tests were abnormal in 30.3% of MS patients and the parasympathetic ANS tests were abnormal in 18.18% of MS patients. The most sensitive test for the presence of autonomic dysfunction was the sympathetic skin response. CONCLUSION: Autonomic dysfunction was often subclinical and we conclude that it is preferable to combine several tests for a more thorough and accurate evaluation of the ANS impairment in MS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Axonal sensorimotor neuropathy in patients with beta-thalassaemia.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in patients with beta-thalassaemia. METHODS: Thirty six patients with a mean age of 29.2+/-8.2 years and 17 healthy controls with a mean age of 27.6+/-9.1 were included in this study. Measurements included the neuropathy symptoms score (NSS), the neuropathy disability score (NDS) as well as nerve conduction studies of two motor (ulnar and peroneal) and two sensory (ulnar and sural) nerves of the right limbs. RESULTS: A mainly sensory axonal polyneuropathy was present in 19 out of 36 patients (52.7%). Eight out of these 19 patients also had abnormal NDS values. The neuropathy correlated significantly with the age of the patients and the hematocrit. However, it did not correlate with the presence of antibodies against HCV, the ferritin levels, or with a history of transfusions, desferrioxamine treatment, or splenectomy. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed a high prevalence of a predominantly sensory neuropathy in patients with beta-thalassaemia. The electrophysiological data suggest that the underlying pathology is an axonopathy. Chronic hypoxia of the nerves resulting from severe anaemia may contribute to the pathogenesis of this neuropathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Corrected QT interval in relation to the severity of diabetic autonomic neuropathy.

The aim of this study was to investigate to what extent the existence of objective signs of diabetic autonomic neuropathy affects the corrected QT interval (QTc) in diabetic subjects. A total of 105 diabetic subjects (type 1, n = 53; type 2, n = 52) as well as 40 matched (by age and sex) control subjects were studied. All subjects underwent the battery of five Ewing tests. Autonomic neuropathy was diagnosed if two of the five tests were abnormal. In addition, the result of each test was considered as normal (grade = 0), borderline (grade = 1) or abnormal (grade = 2), and on the basis of the sum of the scores we calculated a total score for autonomic neuropathy. The QTc interval was measured at rest, and a value > 440 ms was considered abnormal. The QTc interval was significantly more prolonged in diabetic persons with autonomic neuropathy than in those without neutopathy and in control subjects: 408.4 +/- 24.2 ms vs. 394.6 +/- 27.9 ms and 393.6 +/- 25.5 ms respectively (P = 0.001). Furthermore, multivariate analysis controlling for age, sex, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), smoking, type and duration of diabetes, type of treatment, HBA1c and total score of autonomic neuropathy eliminated the role of all these factors as potential confounders except for the total score of autonomic neuropathy, which was found to affect QTc interval independently and significantly (P = 0.012). In summary, the present study confirmed the well-known relation between autonomic neuropathy and QTc interval; in addition, it showed that QTc prolongation is associated with major degrees of autonomic neuropathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Segmental myoclonus in Whipple's disease.

A patient suffering from Whipple's disease, presenting with segmental myoclonus in the muscular distribution of the muscles of the right facial nerve, which is one of the first neurological findings of the disease is described. Patients suffering from segmental myoclonus and Whipple's disease are reported and the possible anatomical sites of the injury, responsible for the presence of this symptom is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Neuropathy following acute intoxication with Mecarbam (OP ester)

Only a small number of organophosphorous compounds, of the many thousands circulating on the market, has been reported as causing neuropathy with delayed onset. A case is presented of a young male who in an attempt to commit suicide by taking a massive dose of Mecarbam, developed polyneuropathy accompanied by a mild involvement of the CNS. Mecarbam is herewith reported for the first time as an agent which can affect the peripheral nervous system.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Brachial and lumbar plexitis as a reaction to heroin.

A case is described of a young man who presented with acute pulmonary edema and flaccid paralysis of the right upper and lower extremity, following his first injection of heroin and was found in a comatose state. Needle electromyographic findings were compatible with a severe lesion of the right brachial plexus and a moderate lesion of the right lumbar plexus. An allergic or a hypersensitivity reaction might have been the possible cause.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

[Contribution of visual evoked potentials, electronystagmography and the blink reflex to the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis].

One hundred and forty six cases of multiple sclerosis were investigated and classified according to McAlpine's criteria into 3 group: probable (40 cases), possible (51 cases) and definite (55 cases). In every patient visual evoked potentials, electronystagmography and blink reflex were performed in the same session. Percentages of abnormal findings were 66 p. cent for VEP, 63 p. cent for ENG and 53 p. cent for blink reflex. These 3 methods can detect subclinical lesions and in reveal new sites of demyelination. Since in only 14 cases (10%) were the results of all 3 methods normal, it is concluded that simultaneous examination by these methods can contribute to the diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Subclinical vestibular abnormalities in Parkinson's disease (author's transl)].

The material of this study comprised 70 patients who suffered from Parkinson's disease and 77 healthy individuals, who were examined by the same methods, for an accurate comparative evaluation of the results. Following the clinical examination, and E.N. Graphic examination was done an subsequently the pendular rotation test was performed. In order to obtain a better statistical evaluation, the material was studied successively according to the age of the patients, the existence of arteriosclerotic lesions in the fundi, the type and duration of the disease, the unilateral of bilateral manifestations and the use of drugs. While the E.N. Graphic examination revealed spontaneous nystagmus in 20 p. 100 of the cases, the pendular rotation test revealed clear cut abnormalities mainly of the central type in 75 p. 100 of the cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Electronystagmographic studies in patients with multiple sclerosis (author's transl)].

An E.N.G. examination utilizing the pendular rotation test was carried out in 200 patients with multiple sclerosis who had been completely studied from the neurological point of view. The E.N.G. study did not only reveal a nystagmus in cases in which it was not detected by clinical examination but particularly it allowed the detailed analysis of different types of nystagmus the clinical examination of which had not permitted to reveal the components. The spontaneous nystagmus was proved to be particularly multiform in this disease. Quite often a combination of two or three types of nystagmus was recorded on the same E.N.G. The most frequent type was the dissociated nystagmus of abduction and secondly the vertical type. The pendular rotation test appeared to be very useful in revealing abnormalities mainly of the central type, in cases in which spontaneous nystagmus was not recorded.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[The contribution of the pendular rotation test in the diagnosis of the spinal form of multiple sclerosis (author's transl)].

Among 200 cases of multiple sclerosis which were studied, 41 had not presented any supraspinal manifestations. The simple E.N.G. examination discovered a spontaneous nystagmus in only three cases. On the contrary the pendular rotation test revealed disorders in most of the cases, chiefly abnormalities of central type. A comparative study of the age of patients, age of onset of the disease, duration and course suggested that none of these factors play a significant role in the frequency and the nature of the vestibular disorder. The high percentage of the cases in which subclinical abnormalities were discovered by the pendular rotation test shows that this method has a particular sensitivity regarding the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, in cases in which supraspinal symptoms are absent.

Adolescent↗