Case reports dealing with preleukemic syndromes are rare. During the last years preleukemia has been ill defined. Nowadays, most authors agree that a marrow stem disorder with clinically recognisable haematological abnormalities, which proceed the development of overt leukemia, is to be regarded as preleukemia syndrome. Clinical and haematological features are different in preleukemic syndromes terminating with acute lymphoblastic (ALL) and acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL). We describe two cases of preleukemia--the first evolving into ALL and the second into ANLL. Our first patient had developed pancytopenia and hypocellular bone marrow five months before overt ALL. In the moment the diagnosis was made clinical examination revealed enlarged lymph glands, liver and spleen. Laboratory tests showed pancytopenia and bone marrow infiltrated with blasts L1 morphology (F. A. B. classification). Preleukemic phase terminating with ANLL featured pancytopenia and hypercellular bone marrow infiltrated with histiocytes, some showing signs of erythrocyte-, leukocyte- and platelet-ingestion. Diagnosis of acute monoblastic leukemia M5 (F. A. B.) was made three months after the illness onset, according to bone marrow infiltration with monoblasts. Clinical and haematological features helpful in the recognition of preleukemic syndromes are discussed.

Bone Marrow↗

PubMed1979

[Genetic agranulocytosis of the Kostmann-type in an infant].

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Agranulocytosis↗

PubMed1979

[Chemotherapy and mutagenesis. A study of chromosome aberrations as a test for mutagenesis after the use of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and cytosine arabinoside].

Determination of chromosomal aberration in the lymphocyte cell culture of the peripheral blood in 50 children with malignant and nonmalignant diseases was the test applied in the investigation of the adverse effects of the cytostatic therapy on the human genome. The study included the cytostatic drugs cyclophosphamide, methotrexat and cytosine arabinoside which are used in the treatment for the autoimmune diseases, in organ and bone marrow transplantations and in malignant diseases. It was confirmed that these cytostatics could be the cause of considerable structural aberrations in chromosomes, particularly so when high dosages and long application are involved. Therefore it is understandable that these drugs as mutagens can be the cause of the secondary cancer in patients treated with cytostatic therapy and also of the congenital malformations in children by mothers treated with these medications.

Child↗

PubMed1979

[Chromosome abnormalities in malignant lymphoma].

Analysis of the karyotype from bone marrow tissue and lymphocyte culture of the peripheral blood was performed in 25 children either with Hodgkin's or non-Hodgkins' lymphoma prior to any treatment. numeric aberrations were confirmed in 40% of the patients; in these the hyperdiploid number of chromosomes ranged from 52 to 94, while 24% of the cases had cells with 47 chromosomes of which the surplus chromosome corresponded to those of the group C and, in one case, of the group G. The occurence of cells with abnormal chromosome sets confirmed presence of clonal evolution. This was also a poor prognostic sign. By using cytogenetic of high accuracy and by studying further the chromosome abnormalities, problems concerning the importance of these abnormalities in the etiology and epidemiology of these diseases might be solved.

Chromosome Aberrations↗

PubMed1978

[Basal metabolism in various phases of acute leukosis].

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Adolescent↗

PubMed1978

[Generalized vaccinia in a child with acute leukemia].

The authors present a girl suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, which was diagnosed, after she was given the antivariolic vaccina. The clinical flow was very rapid, and was in the fulminant shape, which was presented in from of generalized vaccinia. Although the adequate therapy was given, according to the protocol for the treatment of ALL(08LA74), the child died on for the eight day of hospitalization. There was the evident immunodeficiency in our patient, and it is know that the vaccina with the alive viruses is contraindicated in the imunodeficietic diseases.

Female↗

PubMed1978

[Malignant histiocytosis and histiocytic leukemia in a boy treated for eosinophilic granuloma].

The paper presents a case of the acute histiocytic leukaemia and malignant histiocytosis in a boy treated of eosinophilic granuloma. We could not explain whether it was the question of the generalized basic disease or of a "secondary carcinoma" resulting from the applied radiotherapy.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMed1978

[Familial leukemia].

Occurrence of familial leukaemia confirms the influence of genetic factors in the appearance of malignant diseases. Such cases were described in one generation, in distant relations of two and three generations and in monozygotic siblings. Either the same type of leukaemia was recorded or different types. This is thought to be caused by pathological gene transmission in interaction with environmental factors which increase the tendency to malignant diseases in these families. Two cases of familial type of leukaemia are presented in the paper; in one family the illness appeared among members of one generation, but in the other in two generations. In both families it was a question of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Other types of malignancy were not found, nor was any environmental factor confirmed to have influenced cancerogenesis. Cytogenetic studies of the patients did not show any deviation from the normal kariotype. The illness evolution was fatal. This is the second report of familial leukemia in Yugoslav literature.

Adult↗