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Biomedical subjects

E Straub

Publications and source records attributed to E Straub.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Prognostic evaluation of severe head injuries in children].

In 34 children overcoming a severe head injury (coma greater than 1 d, mean: 10 d), the follow-up (mean: 25 m) has been correlated with several data. 1) The quality of life, according to a 3 grade-score, is mostly dependent upon the degree of neuropsychological sequelae. By decreasing frequency were noted disturbances of: memory, intelligence (the most significantly correlated with the quality of life), attention, rapidity of performances, behaviour, visuoconstructive activities. Most often several disturbances were associated, but without systematization. 2) Correlations between general outcome and early findings: a coma greater than 10 d, a subdural collection on the CT scan at 2-6 weeks have a pejorative meaning. Age does not appear to be relevant. 3) In a sequential study of neuropsychological functions, an early evaluation is poorly predictive, except in case of rapid normalization. Evaluation at 6 months gives a good picture of the outcome. Sectorial improvements can occur beyond the 1st year but do not appear to modify dramatically the general outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

IgE in patients with glomerulonephritis and minimal-change nephrotic syndrome.

Serum levels of IgE were studied in 30 children with minimal-change nephrotic syndrome and 32 children with mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis during different stages of the disease and treatment. In addition, tissue obtained by renal biopsy was investigated by immunofluorescence histology; no deposits of IgE could be found. The serum IgE levels, however, were increased, particularly in patients with minimal-change nephrotic syndrome. It is concluded that IgE does not play a pathogenic role in the development of the renal disease, but that increased IgE levels are an indication of a disturbance of the immune system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Diagnosis of hypertension in childhood].

A significant increase in arterial blood pressure is considerably less common in childhood (as compared with adults), and, to a larger degree, is high-grade. The mild forms more frequently reverse spontaneously, and severe cases are more often asymptomatic. It is of a secondary nature in a much larger percentage (preponderantly of renal, but also of vascular, adrenal or other demonstrable etiology), i.e., susceptible to causal therapy. The growing interest within pediatrics in problems of primary (essential) hypertension with regard to epidemiology, etiology, pathogenetics and prognosis (!), lends additional importance to the particular difficulties involved in reliable blood pressure measurement and control, and additionally, the question of a useful definition of the criteria for pathological blood pressure increases, which is relatively uncertain in children (moreover, the normal values are highly age-dependent). The symptomatology of arterial hypertension shows certain age-specific characteristics. In the secondary forms, the underlying disease is ofter far advanced at the moment of manifestation and, even more so, of completion of the diagnosis. Certain risk factors (obviously also relevant for the later years of life) related to primary hypertension, the incidence of which is still quite controversial, can already be detected in childhood (familial and hereditary factors).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Urinary tract infections in childhood (author's transl)].

The clinical symptoms of urinary tract infections (UTI) are only rarely an indication of the presence of the disease in childhood. Of decisive importance for the detection of UTI is an appropriate investigation to determine whether there is significant bacteriuria. Since in a significant proportion of cases of UTI in children there is underlying congenital anomaly or functional change in the urinary tract with stasis, and since surgical means of treatment are available today, diagnosis, i.e. at least radiological exploration, is essential. Approximately half the children with UTI are younger than one year at the time of diagnosis. In neonates, boys are more frequently affected than girls, whereas in older age-groups the incidence of significant bacteriuria (approximately 1.5%) and clinically relevant UTI or pyelonephritis is higher in females than in males. "Idiopathic" ("non-urologically induced") UTI is very seldom found in boys after infancy, and "asymptomatic bacteriuria" is largely confined to females. The "urethral syndrome" is probably caused by minor obstruction of the urethra and "bladder-sphincter dyssynergy". The fact that approximately nine of ten cases of UTI relapse in children are due to reinfection with a different pathogen has certain consequences for therapy. Prophylactic long-term medication is recommended during the phase after surgical correction of anomalies of the urinary tract.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The Lich-Gregoir antireflux plasty: experiences with 371 children.

The Lich-Gregoir antireflux procedure is a simple and safe method for the treatment of primary reflux of all grades if the ureter is not grossly dilated on the excretory urogram. Reflux was cured in 97.7 per cent of 429 ureters in 371 children. A stenosis of the terminal ureter requiring reimplantation occurred in 0.5 per cent. The over-all rate of reinterventions was 3.7 per cent. This low complication rate makes surgical correction of reflux advisable if urinary tract infection and primary reflux cannot be eradicated by continuous antimicrobial therapy within 6 months.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Potter-syndrome (author's transl)].

Bilateral renal agenesis (or dysplasia without any functioning kidney tissue) is almost constantly associated with a characteristic facial appearance. Extra-uterine existence is limited to less than 24 hours because of severe hypoplasia of the lungs. This pulmonary anomaly, together with the eventual positional bowing of the legs and feet and hands and perhaps some features of the "Potter face" may be attributed to the oligohydramnios which is a regular observation, but certain other findings like the obligatory epicanthic fold, swinging outwards to form a most peculiar "prominent" semi-circle below the orbital space, the dysplasia and low slanted position of the ears, the predominance of the boys, and the very high frequency of additional malformations and even total defects of the internal organs (especially of the urogenital and intestinal tract) can hardly be explained as being secondary resp. consequent upon the "foetal compression", resulting from the amniotic fluid deficit (due to anuria). Ten children, including a case of hermaphroditismus verus, with the full-scale Potter syndrome have been seen in this clinic during a six years period and are described and discussed in detail.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1977

Renal sonography in pediatric patients. A comparative study between sonography and urography.

Renal sonograms of 260 children were compared with the corresponding excretory urograms. Since each kidney was evaluated separately 520 sonographic and urographic findings could be compared. The study is based on single investigations only, serial investigations were not included. 326 kidneys could be classified as being normal, primarily on the basis of the urogram. By sonography only 10 out of these 326 were misinterpretated as being pathological, 2 by urography. 194 kidneys could be classified as being pathological either by urography or- if necess -by other methods. In 16 out of these 194 no evidence for a pathological process could be found in the sonogram (7 cases of destructive pyelonephritis, 3 cases of double kidneys, 2 cases of slight obstruction of urine flow, 2 cases of small kidneys, 2 cases of ureteral buds), in 10 cases no evidence was seen in the urogram (6 cases of glomerulonephritis, 2 cases of polycystic kidneys, 1 case of preversial ureteral buds), in 10 cases no evidence was seen in the urogram (6 cases of glomerulonephritis, 2 cases of polycystic kidneys, 1 case of prevesical ureterolith, 1 case of ureteral bud). In 2 cases pathological alterations of the kidney was found by both methods, however, the diagnosis differed. Nonfunctioning kidneys were found in 15 cases. In all of these the sonogram provided important complementary information. Our results show 1) that by a systematic application of sonography the early diagnosis of urinary tract malformations can be improved 2) that renal sonography provides the basis for a stricter application of excretory urography and 3) that by the combination of both methods the diagnosis of renal diseases can be improved.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Influence of L-thyroxine upon enzymatic activity in the renal tubular epithelium of the rat under normal conditions and in mercury-induced lesions. I. Histochemical studies of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, adenosine- tri-phosphatase and leucine-aminopeptidase.

HgC12-induced renal tubular lesions in the rat present histochemically with a transitory decrease of alkaline phosphatase, adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase), and leucine-aminopeptidase activity. The toxic alterations of enzyme activity were more pronounced in the pars recta of the proximal tubule and in the loop of Henle, as compared with the tubulus contortus I. L-thyroxine treatment leads to an accelerated reversal of that enzymatic defect, followinga characteristic pattern, and to a differentiating increase of acid phosphatase and ATPase activity in certain parts of the normal renal tubule. The observations are discussed with reference to the specific mode of action of sublimate and l-thyroxine upon the tubular enzymes and to the well-known metabolic and functional influences of thyroid hormone on the kidney.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1977

Influence of L-thyroxine upon enzymatic activity in the renal tubular epithelium of the rat under normal conditions and mercury-induced lesions. II. Histochemical studies of lactate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, unspecific esterase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.

Mercury-induced renal tubular lesions in the rat present histochemically with a decrease of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD), and unspecific esterase (UE), but with an increase of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), indicating a drop of energy supply as well as a switch from oxidative to glycolytic energy production. L-thyroxine has the same effect on SDH, G-6-PD, and LDH, but an inverse effect on MDH and UE, pointing to stimulation of gluconeogenesis. However, administration of L-thyroxine to animals which have been submitted to sublimate intoxication even further decreases the MDH and UE activity while raising or partly restoring the activity of LDH, SDH, and G-6-PD. This observation is interpreted as an attempt of the damaged epithelial cell, as the gluconeogenesis ceases, to gain relatively more energy supply for the benefit of the vitally indispensable tubular Na+ reabsorption.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1977

Nephrotic syndrome of childhood and disorder of T cell function.

In thirty-two patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS) phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced lymphocyte proliferation was studied at various stages of the disease. We demonstrated that lymphocyte transformation during acute exacerbation is markedly decreased, especially if cells are cultured in patient serum. During treatment with steroids PHA-stimulation improves. During full remission all patients showed their maximal lymphocyte stimulation. On the basis of these results and reports from the literature we postulate that patients with the NS have a T cell clone which inhibits the transformation capacity of the remaining lymphocytes through production of a heat stable serum factor. The same or a second factor produced by these lymphocytes could at the same time exert a toxic effect on the glomerular basement membrane.

Acute Disease↗