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Biomedical subjects

E Strobel

Publications and source records attributed to E Strobel.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[False-positive hepatitis serology after administration of immunoglobulins].

HISTORY: A 17-year-old boy with chronic myelogenous leukemia received a bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from an unrelated donor. 22 days before BMT he had been HBs antigen and anti-HBc negative. 68 days after BMT he was tested again and showed a "seroconversion" for hepatitis B (anti-HBc positive, anti-HBs 59 IU/l), raising the suspicion of a posttransfusion hepatitis. The patient had not received any blood transfusion in the 6 months before BMT. From day 0 to day + 68 he received four red blood cell concentrates and 18 platelet concentrates. The bone marrow donor had been HBs ag and anti-HBc negative. INVESTIGATIONS: A stored serum sample of the recipient obtained on day -8 was available and proved to be negative for HBsAg and Anti-HBc IgM, but positive for anti-HBc and anti-HBs. A serum sample from day -22 was negative for all these parameters. DIAGNOSIS: These results can be explained by the administration of 17.5 g of a polyvalent immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrate for CMV prophylaxis on day -9: anti-HBc and anti-HBs (1814 IU/l) were found in the lot that the patient had received. Nine further doses of immunoglobulin concentrates were given up to day + 68. COURSE: Four months after the last administration of Ig concentrates, the patient was negative for HBs ag, anti-HBc and anti-HBs. CONCLUSION: Ig concentrates contain not only those antibodies, which are given to a patient for treatment, but also all other antibodies contained in the donor plasma pool. Thus administration of Ig concentrates can cause a "false-positive" hepatitis B serology by passive transfer of these antibodies. Such an artificial seroconversion may also lead to a false suspicion of a transfusion transmitted hepatitis B infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Reference data representative of normal findings at two-dimensional and three-dimensional gray-scale ultrasound examination of the cervix from 17 to 41 weeks' gestation.

OBJECTIVES: To create reference values representative of normal findings on two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) examination of the cervix from 17 to 41 weeks' gestation and to determine the agreement between cervical measurements taken by 2D and 3D TVS. METHODS: Cross-sectional study covering 17 to 41 weeks in 419 nulliparous and 360 parous women who delivered at term and who underwent 2D and 3D TVS examination of the uterine cervix. We examined approximately 25 women in each gestational week. The length, anteroposterior (AP) diameter and width of the cervix (and of any cervical funnel) and AP diameter of the cervical canal were measured. Results were plotted against gestational age. The agreement between 2D and 3D ultrasound results was expressed as the mean (+/- 2 SDs) difference between the results of the two methods and as the interclass correlation coefficient (inter-CC). RESULTS: There was excellent agreement between measurements taken by 2D and 3D ultrasound (inter-CC values, 0.80-0.98) but measurements of cervical length taken using 3D ultrasound were greater than measurements taken by 2D ultrasound (mean difference, -0.04 +/- 0.36 cm). Cervical length did not change substantially between 17 and 32 gestational weeks but decreased progressively thereafter. Cervical length was similar in nulliparous and parous women at 17-32 weeks, but from 33 weeks the cervix tended to be longer in parous women. In nulliparae, cervical length decreased from a median of 3.8 (range, 0.7-6.1) cm at 17-32 weeks to 2.3 (range, 0.4-6.0) cm at 33-40 weeks and to 0.7 (range, 0.2-1.5) cm at 41 weeks. In parous women, the corresponding figures were 3.9 (range, 1.0-6.1) cm, 3.0 (range, 0.4-5.7) cm and 0.8 (range, 0.4-3.4) cm (results obtained by 3D ultrasound). Cervical AP diameter and width did not differ between nulliparous and parous women. Median AP diameter increased from 3.0 (range, 2.0-4.6) cm at 17-30 weeks to 3.5 (range, 1.8-5.5) cm at 31-40 weeks and to 4.0 (range, 2.8-5.9) cm at 41 weeks. Cervical width was 3.7 (range, 2.3-6.0) cm at 17-30 weeks and 4.5 (range, 2.3-6.1) cm at 31-41 weeks. The percentage of women with funneling increased from 4% (3/84) at 17-18 weeks to 63% (12/19) at 41 weeks and the percentage of women with an open cervical canal increased from 19% (15/84) to 72% (13/19). Funneling and opening of the cervical canal were equally common in nulliparous and parous women. CONCLUSIONS: Reference data provide the basis for studies of pathological conditions. Common reference values for nulliparous and parous women can be used for cervical AP diameter and width from 17 to 41 weeks and for cervical length from 17 to 32 weeks. Separate reference values for cervical length for nulliparous and parous women should be used from 33 to 41 weeks.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Bishop score and ultrasound assessment of the cervix for prediction of time to onset of labor and time to delivery in prolonged pregnancy.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the ability of Bishop score and sonographic cervical length to predict time to spontaneous onset of labor and time to delivery in prolonged pregnancy. METHODS: Ninety-seven women underwent transvaginal ultrasound examination and palpation of the cervix at 291-296 days' gestation according to ultrasound fetometry at 12-20 weeks' gestation. Sonographic cervical length and Bishop score were recorded. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine which variables were independent predictors of the onset of labor/delivery < or = 24 h, < or = 48 h, and < or = 96 h. Receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curves were drawn to assess diagnostic performance. RESULTS: In nulliparous women (n = 45), both Bishop score and sonographic cervical length predicted the onset of labor/delivery < or = 24 h and < or = 48 h (area under ROC curve for the onset of labor < or = 24 h 0.79 vs. 0.80, P = 0.94; for delivery < or = 24 h 0.81 vs. 0.85, P = 0.64; for the onset of labor < or = 48 h 0.73 vs. 0.74, P = 0.90; for delivery < or = 48 h 0.77 vs. 0.71, P = 0.50). Only Bishop score discriminated between nulliparous women who went into labor/delivered < or = 96 h or > 96 h. A logistic regression model including Bishop score and cervical length was superior to Bishop score alone in predicting delivery < or = 24 h (area under ROC curve 0.93 vs. 0.81, P = 0.03) and superior to Bishop score alone and cervical length alone in predicting the onset of labor < or = 24 h (area under ROC curve 0.90 vs. 0.79, P = 0.06; and 0.90 vs. 0.80, P = 0.06). In parous women (n = 52), Bishop score and sonographic cervical length predicted the onset of labor/delivery < or = 24 h (area under ROC curve for the onset of labor 0.75 vs. 0.69, P = 0.49; for delivery 0.74 vs. 0.70, P = 0.62), but only Bishop score discriminated between women who went into labor/delivered < or = 48 h and > 48 h. Three parous women had not gone into labor and six had not given birth at 96 h. In parous women logistic regression models including both Bishop score and cervical length did not substantially improve prediction of the time to onset of labor/delivery. CONCLUSIONS: In prolonged pregnancy Bishop score and sonographic cervical length have a similar ability to predict the time to the onset of labor and delivery. In nulliparous women the use of logistic regression models including Bishop score and cervical length is likely to offer better prediction of the onset of labor/delivery < or = 24 h than the use of the Bishop score alone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Three-dimensional ultrasound assessment of the cervix for predicting time to spontaneous onset of labor and time to delivery in prolonged pregnancy.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound including power Doppler examination of the cervix is useful for predicting time to spontaneous onset of labor or time to delivery in prolonged pregnancy. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted in 60 women who went into spontaneous labor. All underwent transvaginal 3D power Doppler ultrasound examination of the cervix immediately before a prolonged-pregnancy check-up at > or = 41 + 5 gestational weeks. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine which of the following variables predicted spontaneous onset of labor > 24 h and > 48 h and vaginal delivery > 48 h and > 60 h: length, anteroposterior (AP) diameter and width of the cervix and of any cervical funneling; cervical volume (cm3); vascularization index (VI); flow index (FI); vascularization flow index (VFI); parity; and Bishop score. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out both with and without Bishop score as a predictive variable. Receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curves were used to describe the diagnostic performance of the tests. RESULTS: The areas under the ROC curves for Bishop score, cervical length, and logistic regression models did not differ significantly (areas ranging from 0.72 to 0.82). If Bishop score was not included in the logistic regression model, cervical length, VI and FI independently predicted delivery > 48 h, the likelihood increasing with increasing cervical length, decreasing VI and increasing FI. CONCLUSIONS: In prolonged pregnancy cervical vascularization as estimated by 3D power Doppler ultrasound is related to time to delivery > 48 h, but the likelihood of delivery > 48 h can be predicted equally well using Bishop score alone or sonographic cervical length alone.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Reference data representative of normal findings at three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound examination of the cervix from 17 to 41 gestational weeks.

OBJECTIVES: To develop normal reference ranges for cervical volume and vascular indices using three-dimensional (3D) power Doppler ultrasonography from 17 to 41 gestational weeks. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 352 nulliparous and 291 parous women who delivered at term and underwent transvaginal 3D power Doppler ultrasound examination of the cervix once at 17 to 41 weeks' gestation. We examined approximately 25 women in each gestational week. Cervical volume, vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI) and vascularization flow index (VFI) were calculated. RESULTS: There was no change in cervical volume between 17 and 40 weeks' gestation. At 41 weeks cervical volume was slightly smaller than it was at 17-40 weeks (P=0.03 for nulliparous women and P=0.08 for parous women). The cervical volume was larger in parous than it was in nulliparous women (median 38 cm3 vs. 32 cm3 at 17-40 weeks, P<0.0001; median 31 cm3 vs. 22 cm3 at 41 gestational weeks, P=0.288). FI did not differ between nulliparous and parous women and remained unchanged between 17 and 41 weeks' gestation (median 30.6, range 21.2-55.2). VI and VFI did not change consistently from 17 to 41 weeks, but the values were higher in parous than they were in nulliparous women at 17-30 weeks (median VI 5.3% vs. 3.1%, P<0.0001; median VFI 1.6 vs. 0.9, P<0.0001). At 31-41 gestational weeks the median VI for all women irrespective of parity was 4.9% and the median VFI was 1.4. CONCLUSION: Reference values for cervical volume and blood flow indices as assessed by 3D power Doppler ultrasonography have been established for the second half of pregnancy. These lay the basis for studies of pathological conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

On the effects of Fusarium toxin contaminated wheat and wheat chaff on nutrient utilisation and turnover of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in vitro (Rusitec).

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of Fusarium toxin contaminated wheat and wheat chaff (mycotoxin diet) on nutrient degradability and the metabolism of the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON) using the rumen simulations technique (Rusitec). A 6 day application period with control wheat and wheat chaff (control diet) was followed by an 8 day sampling phase. During this time three fermenters received the mycotoxin diet (64.9 mg DON/kg dry matter (DM) and 500 microg ZON/kg DM) and the remaining fermenters served as the controls (1.0mg DON/kg DM and 6 microg ZON/kg DM). Feed residues of the bags and samples of the effluent liquids were pooled per fermenter during the last 8 days of the experiment. Additionally, effluents of the mycotoxin fermenters were taken 6, 12 and 24h after the morning feeding on the first day of the sampling phase. The degradation of organic matter (OM; P<0.05), neutral detergent fibre (NDF; P<0.01) and protein (P<0.001) were increased by administration the Fusarium contaminated diet which was accompanied by an increased ammonia concentration (P<0.01) and increased butyrate (P<0.01), isobutyrate (P<0.01) and isovalerate (P<0.05) values of the mycotoxin effluents in relation to the controls. High proportions of ingested DON of 90% (85-93%) and ingested ZON of 93% (80-104%) were recovered at the pooled feed residues and effluents in form of DON and de-epoxy DON, and ZON and alpha-ZOL after administering the Fusarium toxin contaminated feed. While adsorption of DON as DON and de-epoxy DON in the feed particles was only minor (5%), a higher amount of 38% of ingested ZON was recovered as ZON and alpha-ZOL at the feed residues. The total recovery of DON plus de-epoxy DON in effluents as a percentage of DON intake reached 8%, 9% and 22% of ingested DON at 6, 12 and 24h after application of the contaminated diet the first time, whereby the recovery of de-epoxy DON as percentage of DON intake was only 5% at 24h. Concentrations of ZON and metabolites were lower than detection limits in the time dependent effluent samples.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed2005

Intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility of three-dimensional gray-scale and power Doppler ultrasound examinations of the cervix in pregnant women.

OBJECTIVES: To determine intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility of three-dimensional (3D) gray-scale and power Doppler ultrasound examinations of the cervix in pregnant women. METHODS: Thirty-two pregnant women underwent transvaginal 3D gray-scale and power Doppler ultrasound examination of the cervix by two examiners. Each observer acquired two volumes, and they each analyzed their volumes twice using the commercially available software Virtual Organ Computer-aided AnaLysis (VOCAL). The variables analyzed were cervical volume (cm3), vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI) and vascularization flow index (VFI). Intraobserver repeatability was expressed as the difference between two measurement results (mean difference +/- 2 SD, i.e. limits of agreement) and as intraclass correlation coefficient (intra-CC). Interobserver agreement was expressed as the difference between the results of the two observers (limits of agreement) and as interclass correlation coefficient (inter-CC). The contribution of various factors (examiner, acquisition, analysis of acquired volume) to intrasubject variance was estimated using different analysis of variance models. All statistical analyses were performed using log-transformed data. The results presented are those obtained after antilogarithmic transformation, i.e. the results are presented as ratios between two results of the same observer, or as ratios between the results of Observer 1 and Observer 2. RESULTS: All intraobserver and interobserver log-transformed differences were normally distributed. There was no systematic bias between the two observers. Both intra- and inter-CC values were high (0.93-0.98) for all variables except FI (0.63-0.88), despite the limits of agreement being wide, especially for VI (widest range 0.4-2.4) and VFI (widest range 0.3-2.6). Acquisition explained most of the intrasubject variance of the flow indices, the contribution of examiner and analysis being unimportant. CONCLUSIONS: Given the wide range between the lower and upper limits of agreement, it would probably not be possible to detect anything but large differences or changes in cervical volume or cervical flow indices using current 3D ultrasound techniques. Because acquisition explained most of the intrasubject variance, the average of several repeated acquisitions should be used to enhance reproducibility. However, it is not worth doing more than one analysis of an acquired volume, because the effect of analysis on measurement results is small.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

False-positive result of sterility testing after a supposed adverse transfusion reaction.

We report on the case of a woman who suffered from chills and fever when she was transfused with two units of red blood cell concentrate. Immunohaematological evaluation of the adverse reaction was inconspicuous, as well as sterility testing of one unit, but bacteriological evaluation of the second unit showed growth of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The sample for sterility testing of this unit had been drawn from the distal end of the transfusion device that was still connected to the blood bag. Later, two samples were drawn from the blood bag itself and were found to be sterile, whereas another sample drawn from the distal end of the transfusion device also showed growth of S. maltophilia. We conclude that reflux of the patient's blood into the transfusion device has caused a false-positive result of sterility testing of the second unit when the sample was drawn from the distal end of the device.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed2003

Reducing the phosphorus concentration in diets for turkeys between 10 and 22 weeks of age.

1. An experiment lasting for 13 weeks was started at the beginning of week 10 with male turkeys weighing 5.38 kg. The experiment comprised three subsequent periods with adjusted metabolisable energy (ME) and nutrient concentrations from weeks 10 to 13, 14 to 17, and 18 to 22. Seven pens of 12 birds each were allocated to each of 5 treatments. Treatments differed in dietary phosphorus concentration and phytase supplementation (500 U/kg) only. Total phosphorus varied between treatments from 4.9 to 8.0 g/kg (weeks 10 to 13), from 4.4 to 7.5 g/kg (weeks 14 to 17) and from 3.5 to 7.0 g/kg (weeks 18 to 22). Phosphorus concentration was adjusted by different inclusions of monocalcium phosphate. Diets were pelleted and offered ad libitum. 2. A final body weight of, on average, 22.3 kg was achieved at the end of week 22. Body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion, toe ash, toe phosphorus and toe calcium were not significantly affected by dietary phosphorus concentration. There was no indication of an effect on mortality or on broken or deformed bones. 3. Phosphorus concentrations (g/kg diet) of 5.9, 5.4 and 4.4 without microbial phytase and of 4.9, 4.4 and 3.5 with microbial phytase, respectively, were sufficient in the three periods. As compared with the control, a reduction in phosphorus excretion of turkeys by 0.4 without phytase and by 0.5 with phytase was achieved without negative effects on turkeys. 4. Because the data demonstrate the great potential for a reduction in dietary phosphorus concentration, detailed requirement and availability studies with turkeys should follow.

6-Phytase↗
PubMed2001

[Cold agglutinins of the IgM class in a patient with monoclonal gammopathy of the IgA class].

HISTORY AND CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 61-year-old patient was examined in hospital because he had suffered from fatigue and weight loss for several years. History and physical examination showed no symptoms specific for a disease of a particular organ except a goitre. INVESTIGATIONS: Laboratory examination serum showed a decreased haptoglobin, a slightly elevated bilirubin, an acceleration of the blood sedimentation rate and a M-gradient in the protein electrophoresis. The immunofixation electrophoresis revealed a monoclonal gammopathy of the IgA-class. The cold agglutinin titre was clearly elevated (2048 at 4 degrees C), caused by an auto-anti-I of the IgM-class. No signs of an infection or a haematological neoplasm were found. TREATMENT AND COURSE: No specific therapy was given for the compensated haemolytic anaemia and the monoclonal gammopathy. There was no significant change in the course of the disease over 5 years. CONCLUSION: Between the specificity and the immunoglobulin class of cold agglutinins correlations exist that are also of significance for these autoantibodies. As shown by this case, an exact analysis of the specificity and the immunoglobulin class of cold agglutinins should be done in cases with unusual combinations of laboratory results to prevent misleading interpretations.

Agglutinins↗
PubMed2001

Effect of energy source and xylanase addition on energy metabolism, performance, chemical body composition and total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) of broilers.

Three diets containing either no supplemented fat (LF), 12% soybean oil (SO) or 12% coconut oil (CO) were fed to broilers to examine energy utilization in two experiments. Heat production and energy retained as fat and protein were measured in the first experiment using a respiration technique in combination with C- and N-balance and controlled (pair-fed) feeding conditions. Growth performance, carcass composition, chemical body composition and total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) were evaluated in a second experiment under ad libitum feeding conditions (from hatching to day 35). Moreover, each of the three diet types was tested with or without the addition of a xylanase-containing enzyme preparation in the growth experiment. Energy utilization (experiment 1), expressed as the ratio between total retained energy and metabolizable energy intake, amounted to 0.33, 0.36 and 0.39 in LF-, SO- and CO-fed groups, respectively. Applying ad libitum feeding conditions in the second experiment caused a significant reduction in feed intake and weight gain in broilers fed the CO-diet. The feed-to-gain ratio was significantly lower in birds given the fat-supplemented diets. The highest degree of fatness as indicated by the highest percentage of abdominal and visceral fat and by highest total fat content was found in birds fed the CO-diet. The higher the body protein content and the lower the body fat content, the higher the TOBEC value should be. This was confirmed when LF-fed broilers were compared to their CO-fed counterparts. However, fat type seemed to be related to TOBEC values since SO-fed broilers had similar TOBEC values as CO-fed birds, whereas chemical body composition was comparable to LF-fed broilers. Xylanase addition significantly increased weight gain up to 21 days of age and decreased the feed-to-gain ratio slightly, whereas none of the other parameters were influenced by this treatment. An interaction between energy source and enzyme supplementation was not observed. It is concluded that feeding of coconut oil was most effective in terms of energy retention, but failed to induce an adequate performance under ad libitum feeding conditions due to a reduced voluntary feed intake. TOBEC measurements in relation to chemical body composition were rather inconclusive.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Comparison of monoclonal and polyclonal anti-P1 reagents.

Whereas monoclonal reagents for ABO, Rhesus, Kell, Kidd, Lewis and MNS antigens are widely used in blood grouping laboratories and have been well evaluated, little attention has been given so far to monoclonal anti-P1 reagents. Therefore it was the aim of our study to examine the suitability of monoclonal anti-P1 reagents for routine use in comparison to polyclonal anti-P1 reagents. 10 polyclonal anti-P1 reagents (9 from goat, 1 from rabbit) and 5 monoclonal anti-P1 reagents (4 with clone 650, 1 with clone OSK17) were tested by the tube-spin-method at room temperature (incubation time as prescribed by the manufacturer) using untreated P1+ red blood cells (RBCs) for titration and untreated P1- RBCs as negative controls. P1- RBCs with a positive direct anti-globulin test (DAT+) (coated with incomplete anti-D) and sialidase-treated P1- RBCs (T+) were used to recognize false positive reactions. 3 monoclonal anti-P1 reagents had a titer of < or = 1 with P1+(weak) RBCs, but all polyclonal anti-P1 reagents showed a titer > or = 2. Negative controls (untreated P1- RBCs) were inconspicuous. 7 polyclonal and 1 monoclonal anti-P1 reagents showed false positive reactions with P1- DAT+ RBCs. All polyclonal and 1 monoclonal (containing clone OSK17) reagent showed false positive reactions with P1- T+ RBCs. As several monoclonal anti-P1 reagents are less suitable for routine use than polyclonal anti-P1 reagents, quality control of anti-P1 reagents should be intensified.

Antibodies↗
PubMed2000

Bacteriological and serological findings in a further case of transfusion-mediated Yersinia enterocolitica sepsis.

A 13-year-old patient developed severe shock due to administration of a Yersinia enterocolitica-contaminated red blood cell concentrate. Y. enterocolitica (serotype O:9, biotype II) was cultivated from the residual blood in the blood bag and from a stool sample of the blood donor. In the donor's plasma immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgA, and IgG antibodies against Yersinia outer proteins (YopM, -H, -D, and -E) were found. Since the donor remembered a short-lasting, mild diarrhea 14 days prior to blood donation, a transient attack of Yersinia enteritis may be associated with a longer than expected period of asymptomatic bacteremia that causes contamination of donor blood. Serological screening for IgM antibodies against Yersinia outer proteins might offer a way to reduce the risk of transfusion-associated Y. enterocolitica sepsis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Energy metabolism in laying hens of different body weight genotypes].

Energy metabolism and some performance parameters were investigated in laying hens of 3 different body weight-genotypes: 6 x 7 (normal-sized, crossbred from normal-sized male and female lines, group 1), 47 x 38 (dwarf-sized, breeding from a dwarf-sized male line and a normal-sized female line, group 2) and 44 x 47 (dwarf-sized, breeding from dwarf-sized male and female lines, group 3). Energy balance was measured by indirect calorimetry through C- and N-balances in 12 animals of each group during 10 consecutive days at production peak, within the period between the 27th and the 37th week of age. Hens were caged individually at 23 degrees C environmental temperature and fed ad libitum on a laying mash. The mean body weight in the dwarf-sized groups 2 and 3 was 32% lower than in the normal-sized group 1 during the energy balance period. The daily gross energy intake in group 2 and 3 was decreased by 33 and 34%, respectively. There were no significant differences in digestibility and metabolizability of gross energy between the groups. The energy requirements for maintenance [kJ ME/kg0.75.d] derived from the energy balances were lower by 4% (P > 0.05) and 14% (P < 0.05) in the dwarf-sized groups 2 and 3 as compared with the normal-sized group 1, when equal coefficients of partial efficiency of metabolizable energy utilization for energy retention in body and eggs are assumed for the 3 body-mass genotypes. There were no relevant differences in body composition at the end of the energy balance periods as well as in egg composition between the 3 experimental groups.

Animals↗