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Biomedical subjects

E Stuart

Publications and source records attributed to E Stuart.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Surgical management of the thoracic outlet compression syndrome.

There is some disagreement about whether the first rib should be excised in the presence of a cervical rib for the relief of the thoracic outlet compression syndrome (TOCS). Over a 14-year period (1975-1988) 58 patients have undergone surgery for TOCS. Forty-four patients (76 per cent) had vascular symptoms, 28 (48 per cent) with a neurological component; 11 (19 per cent) had only neurological symptoms. Thirty-six patients (62 per cent) had the first rib excised; 19 (33 per cent) had a cervical rib excised; two (3 per cent) had a division of fibrous bands; and one patient had a large transverse process resected. Follow-up details were available on 53 patients (91 per cent). Overall 38 (72 per cent) were cured of their symptoms, 11 (21 per cent) had a significant improvement, and four (8 per cent) showed no improvement. There was no significant difference between the results following excision of a cervical rib or of a first rib in terms of relief of symptoms. In patients with TOCS who have a cervical rib, excision of the cervical rib alone without excision of the first rib would appear to be an appropriate treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

A CHO cell line resistant to deoxycholic acid.

Spontaneous mutants resistant to deoxycholic acid (DCA) have been selected from a CHO cell line AuxBl. One of the colonies or 'lines' selected was subsequently mutagenized by ethylmethanesulfonate (250 micrograms/ml) and a more resistant cell, named alpha 3, has been selected. When AuxBl and alpha 3 were exposed to graded concentrations of DCA for 1 h, the LD50 for the mutant strain alpha 3 was 0.66 mM compared to 0.26 mM for the parental line. AuxBl. alpha 3 showed a cross-resistance compared to AuxBl with respect to cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid and to other acidic lipids such as linoleic and oleic acids. As an initial step in characterization of the cell lines, the amounts of different phospholipids from whole cell extracts of the parental and mutant strains have been measured after thin-layer chromatography (TLC) separation. The results obtained demonstrated that the fraction of sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine over the total phospholipids was slightly increased in the resistant cell line, alpha 3, compared to the parental line, AuxBl (54.9% +/- 1.04 compared to 51.2% +/- 0.3, P = 0.01). Further characterization of cell lines resistant to bile acids could lead to the identification of the cellular target of bile acid action.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Induction of sister chromatid exchanges in murine colonic tissue.

As cancers of the large bowel arise primarily in the epithelial cells of the colon, measurement of genetic damage induced in those cells may aid in elucidating contributing factors in the etiology of the disease. Accordingly, procedures for the in vivo measurement of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) have been adapted for use with colonic cells. Agar-coated 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd) tablets were implanted (s.c.) in mice and colonic tissue prepared for measurement of SCE 48 hr later. When mice were treated by intraperitoneal injection with 20 mg/kg 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH), a colon carcinogen, a significant increase over control SCE frequencies was found when treatment with carcinogen occurred in the interval from 14 hr before to 36 hr following BrdUrd administration. Treatment with DMH 2 hr following implantation of BrdUrd produced a dose-dependent increase in SCE frequencies, with the highest dose (20 mg/kg) resulting in frequencies approximately twice those of controls. Dimethylhydrazine was not found to be effective in inducing SCE in bone marrow cells of mice. As SCE can be induced by carcinogens and mutagens, measurement of SCE in colonic epithelium may be useful in identifying potential colon carcinogens.

1,2-Dimethylhydrazine↗