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Biomedical subjects

E Sunderland

Publications and source records attributed to E Sunderland.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) taste sensitivity in selected populations of the Isle of Man and Cumbria.

PTC taste thresholds were determined using a modification of the Harris and Kalmus sorting technique for 854 Cumbrian schoolchildren and 699 individuals from the Isle of Man. A non-taster frequency of 19.7 percent was observed in the Cumbrian sample compared with a frequency of 27.8 per cent in that from the Isle of Man. Analysis of taste threshold distributions revealed significant variability, both within and between these two samples. Evidence of significant regional heterogeneity was detected in Cumbria but not in the Isle of Man. Finally, these two series were compared with data from neighbouring regions of the British Isles and Scandinavian populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Genetic markers in Welsh gypsies.

Data are presented on polymorphic genetic markers of 84 Welsh gypsies, members of an inbred population characterised by a high incidence of phenylketonuria and other recessively inherited diseases. Sixteen polymorphic loci were studied: the ABO blood group distribution was comparable to that of the surrounding population, the B gene frequency being 7-5%, a lower frequency than most earlier studies in gypsies. The haptoglobin 1 gene frequency (23-7%) was very different from that of the British population, resembling the frequency found in India and some previously reported gypsy groups. The data on Welsh gypsies for the various loci are discussed in relation to the known evidence for a number of European gypsy populations, and in relation to the genetic structure of these populations. It is concluded that genetic divergence has occurred in the European gypsies, and that this may have been accentuated by the dispersal, isolation, and inbreeding which have occurred during the present century.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1976

The red blood cell esterase D polymorphism in Europe and Asia.

Several regional series from Britain and 3 Asian series were typed for the Esterase D polymorphism. It was found that haemolysates up to 5 years old could be reliably typed when prepared from washed anticoagulated red blood cells. Lysates prepared from blood clots do not retain Esterase D activity quite as well. The Manx population has higher Esterase D 2 gene frequencies than neighbouring populations. A Nepalese population exhibits the highest Esterase D 2 gene frequency so far recorded. The other series presented supplement or confirm results already published.

Asia, Western↗
PubMed1976

Isolation of dendrodendritic synapses from swine olfactory bulbs.

Dendrodendritic synapses from swine olfactory bulbs were isolated by homogenization of the gray layer, followed by centrifugation at 1000 X g. Centrifugation of the supernatant at 10,000 X g revealed that all dendrodendritic synapses had pelleted at 1000 X g. The upper portion of the 1000 X g pellet was further purified in a discontinuous sucrose gradient, and each resultant fraction was examined by electron microscopy. The dendrodendritic synapses band below the 1.2-1.4 M sucrose interface, appear to be minimally contaminated with other membranous elements, and have retained their adhesions. The banding pattern and relative amounts of proteins from dendrodendritic synaptosomes were very similar to those of axonal synaptosomes as determined by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 8 M urea.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The incidence of red-green colourblindness in the populations of Tripolitania, Cyrenaica and Fezzan in Libya, and of the Kikuyu, Kamba, Taita, Taveta and Luo tribes of Kenya.

The results of surveys of colourblindness carried out using the Ishihara test cards in Libya and Kenya, involving 384 and 504 individuals respectively, are reported. The Libyan samples, drawn from three geographically distinct regions of the country, are relatively homogeneous. The Kenyan samples, on the other hand, are heterogeneous, but in toto they display a markedly lower colourblindness percentage than do the Libyans. The Kenyan data are in broad accord with the other data available for sub-Saharan African populations. There are very few sets of comparative data available for North African populations, but the Libyan material displays a lower incidence of colourblindness than the values reported in European populations.

Color Vision Defects↗
PubMed1976

Blood groups antigens, plasma protein and red cell isoenzyme polymorphisms in south-west Scotland.

Blood donor specimens from South-west Scotland were analysed for the following polymorphisms: ABO, Rhesus (D), Haptoglobin, Transferrin, Immunoglobulin (GM), RBC acid phophatase, RBC phosphoglucomutase and RBC adenylate kinase. Genetic differences exist between the regions in S.W. Scotland and between S.W. Scotland and other Irish and Irish Sea regions. This variability is detailed and discussed. The results are mapped by converting the data into distance values and by using a nonmetrical scaling technique. Overall the present S.W. Scotland data are similar to Cumbrian and Manx results and dissimilar to the Irish data.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1976

Studies of haptoglobin and transferrin types in four castes of the Panjab, Northern India.

Serum samples from 197 individuals belonging to the caste groups of Brahmin (37), Bania (39), Khatri (73) and Jat (48) were electrophoretically examined for the haptoglobin and transferrin systems. Intercaste variation was considered and comparisons made between these North Indian populations and those in other parts of the Indian subcontinent. A single Khatri individual was typed CB.

Gene Frequency↗
PubMed1976

Crystals, paracrystals, and rigid tubules in multiple sclerotic brain and spinal fluid.

Brain and spinal fluid were obtained post mortem from an individual with multiple sclerosis who died following carbon monoxide inhalation. Electron microscopic examination of the plaque region revealed a crystalline structure (repeat unit 380 to 410 A) within rough endoplasmic reticulum of astrocytes, a paracrystal (160 to 220 A) within the cytoplasm of astrocytes, and rigid tubules (outer diameter 320 to 450 A) within a cell in the lumen of a capillary. The paracrystal was enclosed by the glial fibrils. A second crystalline material was observed within cells in the 15,000 X g pellet from spinal fluid. The ultrastructural pattern of this second crystal was generated by three sets of parallel lines; a given set was intersected by the other two sets. The crystal had only two different repeat units (410 to 450 A; 310 to 350 A) since the smaller dimension was common for two sets of lines. The two crystals were large; the one in astrocytes had a length of 52,000 A and that in spinal fluid sediment was 62,000 A. These structures were observed in the one multiple sclerotic brain obtained at autopsy but were not detected in multiple sclerotic brains that had been frozen for extended periods. Plaque regions and grossly normal white matter were homogenized and the 1000 X g supernatant of this material was fractionated in a continuous CsCl-sucrose density gradient. Long tubules (320 to 500 A diameter) were observed in the 1.24 to 1.26 density region. The major proteins of the 1.24 to 1.26 fraction had molecular weights clustered at 40,000 to 45,000, 88,000 to 130,000, and 300,000.

Astrocytes↗
PubMed1975

Isolation and partial characterization of a tubulin-like protein from human and swine synaptosomal membranes.

Synaptic membranes from human and swine brains were solubilized with 8 M urea and the proteins were reduced and alkylated. A protein was isolated from both sources and had identical amino acid compositions and molecular weights as determined by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide-sodium dodecylsulfate gels and by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration on Bioglas 1000. The apparent molecular weight of the protein was 53 000 on the acrylamide-sodium dodecylsulfate gels. Neither neutral sugars nor sialic acid was a significant component of the protein. When the proteins were digested with trypsin and the resultant peptides subjected to chromatography (n-butanol/acetic acid/water) and electrophoresis (pH 3.7) the peptide maps were identical. The protein comprises 1-2 percent of the total synaptosomal protein. With regard to amino acid composition, molecular weight, peptide map characteristics, behavior on DEAE-cellulose columns, electrophoretic mobility and sugar content, the synaptic protein is quite similar to the monomer of swine tubulin.

Amino Acid Sequence↗