Biomedical subjects

E Taniguchi

Publications and source records attributed to E Taniguchi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Mastopathic fibroadenoma of the breast: a pitfall of aspiration cytology.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the correlation between cytological diagnoses and histological subtypes of fibroadenoma (FA) and to clarify the cytological features of a specific group of FA displaying variable features similar to fibrocystic disease (mastopathic type, MFA), and to evaluate the significance of this subtype in cytological diagnosis. METHODS: A review of 141 cases of histologically proven FA was performed. We re-classified them into four subtypes according to Kinoshita's criteria [Jpn J Breast Cancer6 (1991) 377] and further selected 92 cases for which both fine needle aspiration (FNA) smears and histological specimens were available. Among them, 18 cases of MFA and their cytological smears were selected for the present study. RESULTS: There was significant correlation between MFA and cytological diagnosis of 'indeterminate' or 'suspicious for malignancy' (P < 0.01). Although no false-positive diagnosis was experienced in our series, 56% of the MFAs (10/18) had cytological diagnoses of indeterminate or were included in the category 'suspicious for malignancy'. Smears from MFA revealed high cellularity (9/18 smears had more than 10 epithelial clusters each composed of more than 50 cells), presence of cellular discohesiveness (13/18, 72.2%), but only mild nuclear atypia (5/18, 27.8%). Anisonucleosis was present in fewer than half the cases and no apparent condensed chromatin was identified. CONCLUSION: We highlight the significance of subclassification of MFA in aspiration cytology of breast. MFA had a significantly higher chance of falling into the 'suspicious for malignancy' or 'indeterminate' diagnostic category in aspiration cytology. It might be a diagnostic challenge for cytopathologist to identify this subtype of FA in FNA smears.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

[Multiple primary lung cancer diagnosed by thoracic computed tomography; report of 2 cases].

Two cases of bilateral multiple primary lung cancers are presented. One is synchronous, and another is metachronous. Case 1: An abnormal shadow in the left lower lobe was found on the chest radiograph of 40-year-old female during a regular check-up. Chest computed tomography (CT) film showed a micronodule in the right S2. Left lower lobectomy was performed, followed by second-staged right S2 segmentectomy 1 month after the initial operation. Case 2: A 62-year-old female underwent left lower lobectomy for lung cancer in April 1997. Follow-up CT showed a nodule in right S8. In March 2000, right basal segmentectomy was performed for second lung cancer. Moreover, follow-up CT showed a nodule in right S3. Right wedge resection was performed for third lung cancer in July 2002. It is important to carefully examine a synchronous lesion before the operation of a primary lung cancer and to perform close follow-up surveillance for early detection of a metachronous lesion.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗

PubMed2003

Is laparoscopic colorectal surgery less invasive than classical open surgery? Quantitation of physical activity using an accelerometer to assess postoperative convalescence.

BACKGROUND: With the technical advances of recent years, the number of operative manipulations in the abdominal cavity by laparoscopic surgery is now considered to be the same as that using classical open surgery. The question has been raised whether laparoscopic colorectal surgery with lymphadenectomy improves the recovery compared to open surgery. METHODS: We compared patients' physical activity for 7 days postoperatively as measured with an accelerometer between laparoscopic-assisted colorectal resection (LAC, n = 32) and classical open colorectal surgery (OC, n = 30). RESULTS: Physical activity expressed as cumulative acceleration was significantly higher in the LAC than in the OC group on each postoperative day. The recovery time, defined as the day on which the cumulative acceleration recovered to 90% of the preoperative level, was significantly shorter (p < 0.05) in the LAC (3.4 +/- 1.2 days) than in the OC group (6.8 +/- 1.7 days). CONCLUSION: Our results showed that the duration of convalescence with LAC was significantly shorter than that with the OC procedure. Laparoscopic colorectal surgery appears to allow an earlier recovery after the operation than the classical open procedure, and it is less invasive as assessed by convalescence.

Acceleration↗

PubMed2002

Effects of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine on the human colorectal polyps consecutively maintained in SCID mice.

N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) treatments for a long period induced morphological and molecular alterations in the benign human colorectal polyps which were maintained in the severe combined immunodeficient C.B17/N-scid/scid mice. Thirty four xenografts of colorectal polyps from five solitary polyp and three familial polyposis patients were examined for K-ras and p53 mutations. Six K-ras mutations were induced in 16 grafts treated with MNNG more than five times, while no K-ras mutations were detected in 14 untreated grafts (P<0.05). Additional and new K-ras mutations were also induced in two polyps in which K-ras mutation had pre-existed. p53 mutations were not observed in both MNNG-treated and untreated groups. The mutations in K-ras gene were induced at codon 12 (GGT-->GAT) except one at codon 13 (GGC-->GGT). The results indicate that K-ras mutation plays an important role in human colorectal carcinogenesis as is the case in experimental animals.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Endotoxin increases paracellular permeability of isolated rat hepatocyte couplets.

Hyperbilirubinemia is frequently associated with endotoxemia. Regurgitation of bile constituents including bilirubin into the sinusoidal space is prevented by tight junctions which maintain paracellular permeability between hepatocytes. To investigate the mechanism of endotoxin-associated hyperbilirubinemia, we have studied the changes in paracellular permeability of primary hepatocyte couplets treated with endotoxin. In addition, we examined the effects of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), which has been widely used for various liver diseases, on endotoxin-associated changes in paracellular permeability. The paracellular permeability of hepatocyte couplets was evaluated by paracellular penetration of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran with molecular weights of 3, 10 and 70K using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Endotoxin increased the paracellular penetration of FITC-dextran 3 and 10K. These changes were prevented by treatment with UDCA. There was little paracellular penetration of FITC-dextran 70K under any conditions. These results suggested that endotoxin increased the paracellular permeability of hepatocyte couplets and these changes were prevented by treatment with UDCA. Furthermore, bile regurgitation through the paracellular route is involved in endotoxin-associated hyperbilirubinemia, and UDCA might be a potential therapeutic agent for endotoxin-associated hyperbilirubinemia.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2001

Polo-like kinase 1 phosphorylates cyclin B1 and targets it to the nucleus during prophase.

In vertebrate cells, the nuclear entry of Cdc2-cyclin B1 (MPF) during prophase is thought to be essential for the induction and coordination of M-phase events. Phosphorylation of cyclin B1 is central to its nuclear translocation, but the kinases that are responsible remain unknown. Here we have purified a protein kinase from Xenopus M-phase extracts that phosphorylates a crucial serine residue (S147) in the middle of the nuclear export signal sequence of cyclin B1. We have identified this kinase as Plx1 (ref. 16), a Xenopus homologue of Polo-like kinase (Plk)-1. During cell-cycle progression in HeLa cells, a change in the kinase activity of endogenous Plk1 toward S147 and/or S133 correlates with a kinase activity in the cell extracts. An anti-Plk1 antibody depletes the M-phase extracts of the kinase activity toward S147 and/or S133. An anti-phospho-S147 antibody reacts specifically with cyclin B1 only during G2/M phase. A mutant cyclin B1 in which S133 and S147 are replaced by alanines remains in the cytoplasm, whereas wild-type cyclin B1 accumulates in the nucleus during prophase. Co-expression of constitutively active Plk1 stimulates nuclear entry of cyclin B1. Our results indicate that Plk1 may be involved in targeting MPF to the nucleus during prophase.

4-Butyrolactone↗

PubMed2001

Identification of novel inhibitors of calling and in vitro [14C]acetate incorporation by pheromone glands of Plodia interpunctella.

Some octopamine agonists were found to suppress in vitro biosynthesis of the calling pheromone of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella. Isolated pheromone-gland preparations incorporated sodium [14C]acetate at a linear rate for 3 h when incubated with the pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN). This incorporation was dependent on the dose of PBAN (up to 0.5 microM). Thin-layer chromatography of a pheromone-gland extract revealed quantitative incorporation of radioactivity into a product exhibiting the same mobility as (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate, the main component of the calling pheromone of P interpunctella. Twenty-seven octopamine agonists were initially screened using a calling behaviour bioassay of female P interpunctella. Four derivatives with activity in the nanomolar range were identified which were, in order of decreasing pheromonostatic activity: 2-(2,6-diethylphenylimino)thiazolidine > 2-(2,6-diethylphenylimino)oxazolidine > 2-(2,6-dimethylphenylimino)thiazolidine > 2-(2-ethylphenylimino)oxazolidine. These compounds also showed in vitro inhibitory activity in intracellular de novo pheromone biosynthesis. The results of the present study indicate that these derivatives could provide useful information in the characterization and differentiation of octopaminergic receptor types and subtypes.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗

PubMed2001

Primary lymphoma of the central nervous system: a clinicopathologic study.

We performed clinicopathologic examinations of 27 cases of primary lymphoma of the central nervous system not related to acquired immune deficiency syndrome. We considered age and change of performance status (PS) to be especially important in clinical examination. We also conducted pathological studies of these tumors and the characteristics of their cells, in order to characterize pathological subtypes, cell kinetics, and involvement of viruses. PS of patients more than 70 years old decreased markedly before treatment and did not show the improvement after treatment that was exhibited by those under 70 years of age. Low PS (60% or less) after initial treatment, high MIB-1 positivity (over 44.0%), and high counts of AgNOR (over 4.56/cell) were significantly associated with lower survival rates. Patients with immunoblastic lymphoma and high MIB-1 positivity are likely to die from general debilitation, without evidence of recurrence from imaging. Preoperative steroid therapy was significantly associated with higher apoptotic positivity.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Morphologic features of human chorionic gonadotropin- or alpha-fetoprotein-producing germ cell tumors of the central nervous system: histological heterogeneity and surgical meaning.

Our study of germ cell tumors (GCT) of the central nervous system (CNS) investigated the relationship between tumor histology and patient serum titers of human chorionic gonadotropin (HGC) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Thirty-five patients were enrolled. Their serum titers of HCG (mlU/ml) and/or AFP (ng/ml) before initial treatment were available, as were tumor specimens obtained before the administration of adjuvant therapy. They were divided into three groups, depending on whether HCG alone (group H), AFP alone (group A), or both HCG and AFP (group HA) were detected. Each group was subdivided into three groups: patients in group I had H, A, and/or HA titers below 9.9; patients in group II/III had titers from 10.0 to 999; and those in group IV had titers of 1000 or more. Serial sections of tissue specimens were repeatedly stained, mainly with hematoxylin and eosin (H-E) stain, HCG immunostain, and AFP immunostain. There were seven patients in the H-I group and five in H-II/III. Of these 12 patients, 11 had germinomas (G) and one had an embryonal carcinoma (EC). Five patients were included in group A: one was classified as A-II/III and had a germinoma, and the remaining four patients were in A-IV and had yolk sac tumors (YST) or mixed GCT consisting mainly of YST or EC (MXGCT-YST, EC). The HA group consisted of 18 patients. Three were classified as HA-I and had germinomas; nine HA-II/III patients had T or MXGCT-T; and six HA-IV patients had choriocarcinoma (CC), YST, MXGCT-CC, or MXGCT-YST. Throughout the study, the situations for the elevated serum titers could be elucidated in only four cases (three in group A-IV and one in group HA-IV). These results led to the conclusion that serologic evaluation is superior to morphologic evaluation in diagnosing marker-producing GCTs. From a diagnostic perspective, the role of surgery is to verify the HCG- and AFP-immunonegative tissue in patients with G, T, and EC.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Correlation between nuclear grade and biological prognostic variables in invasive breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Grading of carcinomas is an estimation of differentiation. Nuclear grading is the cytological evaluation of tumor nuclei in comparison with the nuclei of normal mammary epithelial cells. Because nuclear grading does not involve an assessment of the growth pattern of the tumor, it applies not only to invasive ductal carcinoma but also to other subtypes of breast carcinoma. METHODS: A total of 215 primary breast carcinomas obtained from the Affiliated Kihoku Hospital of Wakayama Medical College were enrolled in our present study. Nuclear grade was evaluated according to the criteria of the National Surgical Adjuvant Study of Breast Cancer (NSAS-B) protocol. Immunohistochemistry was also performed to determine Bcl-2, p53, c-erbB-2, estrogen receptor (ER) and MIB-1 expression in paraffin-embedded tissues for all cases. RESULTS: Thirty-two (14.9%) of the patients were graded as 1,124 (57.7%) as 2, and 59 (27.4%) as 3. Nuclear grade displayed a negative correlation with Bcl-2 expression (r=-0.308, p<0.0001), and a positive correlation with c-erbB-2 overexpression (r= 0.172, p=0.0117) and tumor proliferative index labeling by MIB-1 (r=0.485, p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: These results imply that nuclear grade is related to the characteristics of tumor biology, indicating that the morphology and biology of breast cancer are tightly linked. Our present results also suggest that adding the nuclear grade to the pathological diagnosis of invasive breast carcinoma may be clinically useful for predicting tumor behavior, for example aggressiveness, and for prognostication.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗

PubMed2001

Three-dimensional pressure imaging: a novel method for intraoperative manometry during laparoscopic esophagomyotomy for esophageal achalasia.

With the introduction of computerized manometry, the creation of the three-dimensional (3-D) pressure image with measurement of pressure vector volume (PVV) has become available to assess the pressure structure of the high-pressure zone (HPZ) of the distal esophagus. We have applied this technique to intraoperative manometry during laparoscopic surgery for esophageal achalasia (EA). A laparoscopic esophagomyotomy with anterior fundoplication was performed in a 12-year-old boy with EA. Computerized 3-D images were obtained by a stepwise pullback of a manometric assembly with eight radial side-holes to quantitate the PVV of the HPZ of the distal esophagus in each stage of the operation for EA. Virtual abolishment of the peak pressure image and a marked reduction in the PVV after esophagomyotomy suggested appropriate decompression of the HPZ. Intraoperative manometry using computerized 3-D pressure imaging with measurement of the PVV is thus useful to assess the HPZ during laparoscopic surgery for EA.

Child↗

PubMed2001

A mutation of the Wilson disease protein, ATP7B, is degraded in the proteasomes and forms protein aggregates.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Wilson disease is a genetic disorder characterized by the accumulation of copper in the body as a result of a defect of copper excretion from hepatocytes. The intracellular localization of the Wilson disease gene product, ATP7B, was recently identified as the late endosomes. Various mutations have been documented in patients with Wilson disease. The clinical manifestations vary greatly among the patients; however, there is little information on the genotype-phenotype correlation. METHODS: We investigated the distribution of a common ATP7B mutant His1069Gln and a mutant Asp1270Ser by expressing the mutants tagged with green fluorescent protein in Huh7 and HEK293 cells. Intracellular organelles were visualized by fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS: Although the wild-type ATP7B and Asp1270Ser mutant localized in the late endosomes, His1069Gln mutant did not locate in the late endosomes and was degraded by the proteasomes in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, His1069Gln formed aggresomes composed of the degradates and intermediate filaments at the microtubule-organizing center. These aggresomes were similar to Mallory bodies on electron microscopy. CONCLUSIONS: The different protein properties of ATP7B mutants may explain the variety of clinical spectrums in patients with Wilson disease.

Acetylcysteine↗

PubMed2001

Involvement of p21(WAF1/Cip1), p27(Kip1), and p18(INK4c) in troglitazone-induced cell-cycle arrest in human hepatoma cell lines.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) regulates cell growth and differentiation. Recent evidence has suggested that PPARgamma ligands had anti-tumor effects through inhibiting cell growth and inducing cell differentiation in several types of malignant neoplasm. In the present study, we investigated: 1) the expression of PPARgamma in both human hepatoma cell lines and 5 resected human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues; 2) the growth-inhibitory effect of troglitazone, a PPARgamma ligand, on those hepatoma cells; and 3) the molecular mechanisms of troglitazone-induced cell-cycle arrest. Five hepatoma cell lines, HLF, HuH-7, HAK-1A, HAK-1B, and HAK-5, were used. The mRNA expression levels of PPARgamma, p21(WAF1/Cip1), and p27(Kip1) were determined by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The expression of cell cycle-regulating proteins, such as p21, p27, p18(INK4c), cyclin E, and pRb, was examined using Western blotting. PPARgamma was constitutively expressed in all the cell lines and the HCC tissues used in this study. A cytostatic effect of troglitazone was found in those cell lines, and this inhibition of cell growth was dosage-dependent. G0/G1 arrest was apparently demonstrated in flow cytometric analysis in HLF, HAK-1A, HAK-1B, and HAK-5, all of which showed an increased expression of p21 protein. However, HuH-7, lacking p21 protein expression, did not demonstrate clear arrest in the cell-cycle analysis. HLF, which was deficient in the protein product of the retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene (pRb), responded most profoundly to troglitazone, showing an increased expression in not only p21, but also in p27 and in p18. These findings suggested that p21, p27, and p18 might be involved in troglitazone-induced cell-cycle arrest in human hepatoma cells.

CDC2-CDC28 Kinases↗

PubMed2001

Alterations in tight junctions differ between primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis.

Tight junctions (TJ) of biliary epithelial cells (BEC) and hepatocytes prevent bile regurgitation from the biliary tract. Alterations in these TJs may participate in chronic cholestatic liver diseases such as primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). We examined the localization of 2 TJ proteins, ZO-1 and 7H6, in these diseases. Frozen sections from livers of PBC, PSC, extrahepatic cholestasis (Ex-C), and hepatitis C-associated cirrhosis (LC-C), as well as histologically normal livers, were processed for double-fluorescence immunohistochemistry. In controls and cirrhosis, 7H6 and ZO-1 colocalized surrounding the luminal space of the bile ducts and outlined the bile canalicular spaces between hepatocytes. In untreated PBC, immunostaining for ZO-1 in BEC of bile ducts 40 to 80 microm in diameter was preserved, but that for 7H6 was diminished to absent. In PBC treated with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), immunostaining for 7H6 was well preserved. In PSC as well as in Ex-C, immunostaining for both 7H6 and ZO-1 was well preserved in bile ducts. In hepatocytes, ZO-1 showed preserved immunoreactivity, but immunostaining for 7H6 frequently disappeared. The percentage of bile ducts with immunostaining for 7H6 in all bile ducts with immunostaining for ZO-1 was significantly reduced in PBC compared with that in control, LC-C, Ex-C, and PSC (all P <.0001). Substantial alteration in the TJ protein occurs predominantly in bile ducts in PBC and in hepatocytes in PSC, suggesting increased paracellular permeability along different paracellular routes for bile regurgitation in these chronic cholestatic liver diseases.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Expression and role of vascular endothelial growth factor in liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rats.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a major role in angiogenesis, which is essential for both healing of injured tissue and proliferation of carcinoma cells. In this study we elucidated the expression and role of VEGF in rat liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. VEGF expression was mainly detected in periportal hepatocytes and reached a maximal level 48-72 hr after partial hepatectomy by both immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Similarly, immunohistochemistry for Ki-67 showed that the proliferative activity of sinusoidal endothelial cells was highest in the periportal area and reached a maximal level 72 hr after partial hepatectomy. Moreover, neutralization of VEGF significantly inhibited proliferative activity of hepatocytes (p<0. 0001), as well as sinusoidal endothelial cells (p<0.001), at 48 and 96 hr after partial hepatectomy. Conversely, injection of VEGF significantly promoted proliferative activity of hepatocytes (p<0. 0001) as well as sinusoidal endothelial cells (p<0.0005) at 48 hr after partial hepatectomy. These results suggest that VEGF promotes proliferation of hepatocytes through reconstruction of liver sinusoids by proliferation of sinusoidal endothelial cells. Furthermore, these data point to a new therapeutic strategy, the use of VEGF and other hepatocyte growth factors in fulminant or severe acute hepatitis.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Morphometric characterization of endometrial glands using quantitative cytology.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the usefulness of the combination of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), image cytometry and three-dimensional (3D) imaging for analyzing architectural changes indicative of endometrial hyperplasia and grade 1 adenocarcinoma. STUDY DESIGN: Papanicolaou-stained endometrial samples (n = 180) were analyzed for specific cellular characteristics and analyzed by CLSM. Confocal images were obtained and then analyzed cytometrically and used for 3D reconstruction. RESULTS: Values obtained after image cytometry and 3D imaging increased significantly (P < .01) with the degree of cellular atypia. CONCLUSION: The combination of CLSM, image cytometry and 3D imaging is a valuable method for differential diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia and grade 1 adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2000

Copper does not alter the intracellular distribution of ATP7B, a copper-transporting ATPase.

Wilson's disease is a genetic disorder characterized by the accumulation of copper in the body due to a defect of biliary copper excretion. However, the mechanism of biliary copper excretion has not been fully clarified. We examined the effect of copper on the intracellular localization of the Wilson disease gene product (ATP7B) and green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged ATP7B in a human hepatoma cell line (Huh7). The intracellular organelles were visualized by fluorescence microscopy. GFP-ATP7B colocalized with late endosome markers, but not with endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, or lysosome markers in both the steady and copper-loaded states. ATP7B mainly localized at the perinuclear regions in both states. These results suggest that the main localization of ATP7B is in the late endosomes in both the steady and copper-loaded states. ATP7B seems to translocate copper from the cytosol to the late endosomal lumen, thus participating in biliary copper excretion via lysosomes.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗

PubMed2000

Laparoscopic intragastric surgery using a radially expandable sleeve.

Laparoscopic intragastric surgery (LIGS) has become more widely established in Japan as a therapy for early gastric cancers and some types of submucosal gastric tumors. However, there have been some technical difficulties with the original method of LIGS. Certain complicated procedures to access the gastric lumen are required, along with repair of the gastric wall after endoluminal procedures. Using a 5-mm radially expandable sleeve (RES) for the working ports in LIGS, it becomes easier to establish access to the gastric lumen, and repair of the port sites on the gastric wall is not required. Using RES makes LIGS a simpler, less invasive procedure.

Adenocarcinoma↗